Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Vietnamese A1-B2 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Vietnamese A1-B2 Translation Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
một
a
woman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
tất cả
all
philosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
hiểu
understand
women—thattheterribleseriousness
and
clumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhave
thường
usually
paidtheiraddressesto
Sự thật
Truth
,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinning
một
a
woman?
Certainlyshehas
chưa bao giờ
never
allowedherselftobewon;
and
atpresenteverykindofdogmastands
với
with
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
thực sự
indeed
,itstandsatall!
For
there
arescofferswhomaintain
rằng
that
ithasfallen,that
tất cả
all
dogmaliesontheground—nay
hơn
more
,thatitisatits
cuối
last
gasp.
Buttospeak
nghiêm túc
seriously
,therearegoodgroundsforhoping
rằng
that
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,
whatever
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,
có thể
may
havebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
and
tyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenit
sẽ
will
beonceandagainunderstoodWHAThas
thực sự
actually
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
and
absolutephilosophicaledificesas
những
the
dogmatistshavehithertoreared:
có lẽ
perhaps
somepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
thời gian
time
(suchasthesoul-superstition,
which
,intheformofsubject-
and
ego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
có lẽ
perhaps
someplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
hoặc
or
anaudaciousgeneralizationof
rất
very
restricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Các
The
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
chỉ
only
apromiseforthousandsofyears
sau đó
afterwards
,aswasastrologyinstill
trước
earlier
times,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,
vàng
gold
,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
bất kỳ
any
actualsciencehitherto:
we
nợ
owe
toit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
and
Egypt,thegrandstyleof
kiến trúc
architecture
.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupon
những
the
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
tất cả
all
greatthingshavefirstto
lang thang
wander
abouttheearthas
khổng lồ
enormous
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
một
a
caricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
and
PlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefulto
it
,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessed
rằng
that
theworst,themost
mệt mỏi
tiresome
,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
một
a
dogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Tinh khiết
Pure
SpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Nhưng
But
nowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
khi
when
Europe,ridofthisnightmare,
có thể
can
againdrawbreathfreely
and
atleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
chúng tôi
we
,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
tất cả
all
thestrengthwhichthe
cuộc đấu tranh
struggle
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sự thật
truth
,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
cuộc sống
life
,tospeakofSpirit
and
theGoodasPlatospokeof
họ
them
;
indeedonemightask,asa
bác sĩ
physician
:
"Howdidsuchamalady
tấn công
attack
thatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hadthe
ác
wicked
Socratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocrates
sau
after
allacorrupterofyouths,
and
deservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
cuộc đấu tranh
struggle
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
and
forthe"people"—thestruggle
chống lại
against
theecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kitô giáo
Christianity
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
một
a
magnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexisted
bất cứ nơi nào
anywhere
previously;
withsuchatenselystrained
cung
bow
onecannowaimat
những
the
furthestgoals.
Asamatterof
thực tế
fact
,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionas
một
a
stateofdistress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbend
những
the
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
and
thesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
với
with
theaidoflibertyofthe
báo chí
press
andnewspaper-reading,might,in
thực tế
fact
,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
họ
them
!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinvented
in
printing.)
Butwe,whoare
không
neither
Jesuits,nordemocrats,nor
thậm chí
even
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
and
free,VERYfreespirits—we
have
itstill,allthe
đau khổ
distress
ofspiritandall
những
the
tensionofitsbow!
And
perhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
and
,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Chương
CHAPTER
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWillto
Sự thật
Truth
,whichistotemptusto
nhiều
many
ahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessof
which
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
với
with
respect,whatquestionshasthisWillto
Sự thật
Truth
notlaidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
đã
already
alongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweat
cuối
last
growdistrustful,losepatience,
and
turnimpatientlyaway?
That
này
this
Sphinxteachesusat
cuối
last
toaskquestionsourselves?
Ai
WHO
isitreallythatputsquestionstous
đây
here
?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
thực tế
fact
wemadealong
dừng
halt
atthequestionastothe
nguồn gốc
origin
ofthisWill—untilat
cuối
last
wecametoanabsolutestandstill
trước
before
ayetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
về
about
theVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwe
muốn
want
thetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
vấn đề
problem
ofthevalueof
sự thật
truth
presenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselves
trước
before
theproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
đây
here
?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobe
một
a
rendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
And
coulditbebelieved
rằng
that
itatlastseemstousasifthe
vấn đề
problem
hadneverbeenpropounded
trước
before
,asifwewerethefirsttodiscern
it
,getasightof
it
,andRISKRAISINGit?
For
there
isriskinraising
it
,perhapsthereisno
lớn
greater
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULD
anything
originateoutofitsopposite?
For
ví dụ
example
,truthoutoferror?
hay
or
theWilltoTruthoutofthewilltodeception?
hay
or
thegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
hay
or
thepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
một
a
fool,nay,worsethan
một
a
fool;
thingsofthehighest
trị
value
musthaveadifferent
nguồn gốc
origin
,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
này
this
transitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,in
này
this
turmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
have
theirsource.
Butratherin
các
the
lapofBeing,in
các
the
intransitory,intheconcealedGod,in
các
the
'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
nguồn
source
,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdiscloses
các
the
typicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
tất cả
all
timescanberecognized,
này
this
modeofvaluationisat
các
the
backofalltheir
logic
logical
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomething
đó
that
isintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
Các
The
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
Các
THE
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
không bao giờ
never
occurredeventothewariestofthemto
nghi ngờ
doubt
hereonthevery
ngưỡng
threshold
(wheredoubt,however,wasmost
cần thiết
necessary)
;
thoughtheyhadmade
một
a
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
có thể
may
bedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
tồn tại
exist
atall;
andsecondly,
liệu
whether
thepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
trị
value
uponwhichmetaphysicianshave
đặt
set
theirseal,arenotperhaps
chỉ
merely
superficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,
ngoài
besides
beingprobablymadefromsome
góc
corner
,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
mượn
borrow
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
tất cả
all
thevaluewhichmay
thuộc
belong
tothetrue,the
tích cực
positive
,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethat
một
a
higherandmorefundamental
trị
value
forlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,to
các
the
willtodelusion,toselfishness,
and
cupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
trị
value
ofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
chính xác
precisely
intheirbeinginsidiously
liên quan
related
,knotted,andcrochetedtothese
xấu xa
evil
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhaps
thậm chí
even
inbeingessentiallyidentical
với
with
them.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishesto
quan tâm
concern
himselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
đó
that
investigationonemustawaittheadventofa
mới
new
orderofphilosophers,suchas
sẽ
will
haveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
nguy hiểm
dangerous
"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
thuật ngữ
term
.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
thấy
see
suchnewphilosophersbeginningto
xuất hiện
appear
.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
and
havingreadbetweentheirlines
lâu
long
enough,Inowsaytomyself
rằng
that
thegreaterpartof
thức
conscious
thinkingmustbecountedamong
các
the
instinctivefunctions,anditisso
ngay cả
even
inthecaseof
triết học
philosophical
thinking;
onehashereto
học
learn
anew,asonelearnedanew
về
about
heredityand"innateness."
As
ít
little
astheactof
sinh
birth
comesintoconsiderationinthewhole
quá trình
process
andprocedureofheredity,
chỉ
just
aslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
bất kỳ
any
decisivesense;
thegreater
phần
part
oftheconsciousthinkingof
một
a
philosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
and
forcedintodefinitechannels.
And
behindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,
there
arevaluations,orto
nói
speak
moreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
duy trì
maintenance
ofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
ví dụ
example
,thatthecertainis
trị
worth
morethantheuncertain,
rằng
that
illusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbe
chỉ
only
superficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybe
cần thiết
necessary
forthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
chỉ
just
the"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
một
an
opinionisnotforus
bất kỳ
any
objectiontoit:
itis
đây
here
,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesounds
nhất
most
strangely.
Thequestionis,
cách
how
faranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
có lẽ
perhaps
species-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedto
duy trì
maintain
thatthefalsestopinions
Để
(to
whichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
thuộc
belong)
,arethemostindispensabletous,that
không
without
arecognitionoflogicalfictions,
không
without
acomparisonofreality
với
with
thepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
and
immutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Một
A
CONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
chắc chắn
certainly
toimpugnthetraditionalideasof
trị
value
inadangerousmanner,
and
aphilosophywhichventuresto
làm
do
so,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
and
evil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
and
half-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
khám phá
discovery
howinnocenttheyare—how
thường
often
andeasilytheymakemistakes
and
losetheirway,inshort,howchildish
and
childliketheyare,—butthat
there
isnotenoughhonestdealing
với
with
them,whereastheyallraise
một
a
loudandvirtuousoutcry
khi
when
theproblemoftruthfulnessis
thậm chí
even
hintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
tất cả
all
poseasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
and
attainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
một
a
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
Trong
(in
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,
người
who
,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,
một
a
prejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
thường
generally
theirheart'sdesireabstracted
and
refined,isdefendedbythem
với
with
argumentssoughtoutafterthe
sự kiện
event
.
Theyarealladvocates
người
who
donotwishtoberegardedassuch,
nói chung
generally
astutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,
which
theydub"truths,"—andVERY
xa
far
fromhavingtheconscience
which
bravelyadmitsthistoitself,
rất
very
farfromhavingthe
tốt
good
tasteofthecourage
which
goessofarasto
cho
let
thisbeunderstood,perhapsto
cảnh báo
warn
friendorfoe,orin
vui vẻ
cheerful
confidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
old
Kant,equallystiffanddecent,
với
with
whichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
dẫn
lead
(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,we
người
who
findnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
old
moralistsandethicalpreachers.
Hoặc
Or
,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematical
hình thức
form
,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyin
thư
mail
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
dịch
translate
thetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebyto
tấn công
strike
terroratonceintotheheartoftheassailant
người
who
shoulddaretocast
một
a
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
and
vulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
một
a
sicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
dần
gradually
becomecleartomewhatevery
lớn
great
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,
những
the
confessionofitsoriginator,
and
aspeciesofinvoluntary
and
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
đạo đức
moral
(orimmoral)purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevital
mầm
germ
outofwhichtheentire
cây
plant
hasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
hiểu
understand
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
một
a
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
luôn luôn
always
well(andwise)tofirst
hỏi
ask
oneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
nhắm
aim
at?"
Accordingly,Idonot
tin
believe
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
cha
father
ofphilosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,
đây
here
aselsewhere,hasonlymade
sử dụng
use
ofknowledge(andmistaken
kiến thức
knowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
với
with
aviewtodetermininghowfarthey
có thể
may
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Hoặc
(or
asdemonsandcobolds),will
thấy
find
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatonetime
hoặc
or
another,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeen
chỉ
only
toogladtolookuponitselfasthe
cuối cùng
ultimate
endofexistenceandthelegitimate
Chúa
LORD
overalltheotherimpulses.
Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
and
asSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthe
trường hợp
case
ofscholars,inthe
trường hợp
case
ofreallyscientificmen,it
có thể
may
beotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
có thể
may
reallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
loại
kind
ofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
khi
when
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Không
WITHOUT
therestofthescholarlyimpulsestaking
bất kỳ
any
materialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
do đó
therefore
,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthe
gia đình
family
,perhaps,orinmoney-making,
hoặc
or
inpolitics;
itis,in
thực tế
fact
,almostindifferentatwhat
điểm
point
ofresearchhislittle
máy
machine
isplaced,andwhetherthe
hy vọng
hopeful
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
một
a
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
này
this
orthat.
Inthe
triết học
philosopher
,onthecontrary,thereis
hoàn toàn
absolutely
nothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
đạo đức
morality
furnishesadecidedand
quyết định
decisive
testimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
tự
order
thedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
đứng
stand
toeachother.
7.
How
độc
malicious
philosopherscanbe!
I
biết
know
ofnothingmorestingingthan
những
the
jokeEpicurustookthe
tự do
liberty
ofmakingonPlato
and
thePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginal
ý nghĩa
sense
,andonthefaceofit,the
từ
word
signifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
and
lick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
nhiều
much
astosay,"Theyare
tất cả
all
ACTORS,thereisnothinggenuine
về
about
them"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
phổ biến
popular
nameforanactor).
And
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
that
EpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedby
các
the
grandiosemanner,themiseenscene
phong cách
style
ofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
which
Epicuruswasnotamaster!
Ông
He
,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhis
nhỏ
little
gardenatAthens,andwrote
ba
three
hundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
and
ambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetook
một
a
hundredyearstofind
ra
out
whothegarden-godEpicurus
thực sự
really
was.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
một
a
pointineveryphilosophyat
which
the"conviction"ofthe
triết học
philosopher
appearsonthescene;
hoặc
or
,toputitinthewordsof
một
an
ancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Sống
LIVE
"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
lừa đảo
fraud
ofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
một
a
beinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
không
without
purposeorconsideration,withoutpity
hay
or
justice,atoncefruitful
and
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
một
a
power—howCOULDyouliveinaccordance
với
with
suchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
chỉ
just
endeavouringtobeotherwisethan
này
this
Nature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
khác
different
?
Andgrantedthatyour
mệnh lệnh
imperative
,"livingaccordingtoNature,"means
thực sự
actually
thesameas"living
theo
according
tolife"—howcouldyou
làm
do
DIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
làm
make
aprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
are
,andmustbe?
Inreality,
tuy nhiên
however
,itisquiteotherwise
với
with
you:
whileyoupretendto
đọc
read
withrapturethecanonofyourlawin
Tự nhiên
Nature
,youwantsomethingquitethe
ngược lại
contrary
,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
muốn
wish
todictateyourmorals
and
idealstoNature,to
Thiên nhiên
Nature
herself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsist
rằng
that
itshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
and
wouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,as
một
a
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Với
With
allyourlovefor
sự thật
truth
,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
lâu
long
,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytosee
Thiên nhiên
Nature
FALSELY,thatisto
nói
say
,Stoically,thatyouare
không
no
longerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
vương miện
crown
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
hy vọng
hope
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Nature
sẽ
will
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
một
a
PARTofNature?...
But
đây
this
isanoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
với
with
theStoicsstillhappens
nay
today
,assoonasever
một
a
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannot
làm
do
otherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
nhất
most
spiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
and
subtlety,Ishouldeven
nói
say
craftiness,withwhichthe
vấn đề
problem
of"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
với
with
atpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
thức ăn
food
forthoughtandattention;
and
hewhohearsonly
một
a
"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
and
nothingelse,cannotcertainly
tự hào
boast
ofthesharpestears.
In
hiếm
rare
andisolatedcases,it
có thể
may
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
một
a
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
and
adventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionof
những
the
forlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
những
the
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
một
a
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
có thể
may
evenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
người
who
prefertoputtheir
cuối
last
trustinasurenothing,rather
hơn
than
inanuncertainsomething.
Nhưng
But
thatisNihilism,andthe
dấu hiệu
sign
ofadespairing,mortallywearied
linh hồn
soul
,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsuch
một
a
virtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
tuy nhiên
however
,tobeotherwisewith
mạnh
stronger
andlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Chống lại
AGAINST
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrank
những
the
credibilityoftheirownbodies
về
about
aslowasthe
độ tin cậy
credibility
oftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
and
thus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape
Cho
(for
whatdoesoneatpresent
tin
believe
inmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknows
nếu
if
theyarenotreallytryingtowin
lại
back
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingof
những
the
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
có lẽ
perhaps
the"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"in
ngắn
short
,ideasbywhichtheycould
sống
live
better,thatistosay,morevigorously
and
morejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
những
these
modernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,
một
a
disbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
and
today;
thereisperhaps
một
some
slightadmixtureofsatiety
and
scorn,whichcannolonger
chịu đựng
endure
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasof
các
the
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowson
các
the
market;
adisgustofthe
hơn
more
refinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
and
patchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
nothing
eithernewortrue,except
này
this
motleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatwe
nên
should
agreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
and
knowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
ngày
day
;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Hiện đại
MODERN
reality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
Themain
điều
thing
aboutthemisNOT
that
theywishtogo"back,"but
that
theywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Một
A
littleMOREstrength,swing,
dũng cảm
courage
,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
ở khắp mọi nơi
everywhere
anattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactual
ảnh hưởng
influence
whichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
and
especiallytoignoreprudentlythe
trị
value
whichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstand
hết
foremost
proudofhisTableofCategories;
với
with
itinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthe
nhất
most
difficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Hãy
Let
usonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
tự hào
proud
ofhavingDISCOVEREDa
mới
new
facultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
một
a
priori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
này
this
matter;
thedevelopmentand
nhanh chóng
rapid
flourishingofGermanphilosophydepended
tuy nhiên
nevertheless
onhispride,andon
các
the
eagerrivalryofthe
trẻ
younger
generationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—at
tất cả
all
events"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
một
a
moment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatis
thực sự
really
hisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
năm
five
words,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
and
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
and
verbalflourishes,thatone
hoàn toàn
altogether
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
liên quan
involved
insuchananswer.
Peoplewere
bên cạnh
beside
themselveswithdelightover
này
this
newfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
khi
when
Kantfurtherdiscovereda
đạo đức
moral
facultyinman—forat
đó
that
timeGermanswerestill
đạo đức
moral
,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsof
cứng
hard
fact."
Thencamethe
tuần trăng mật
honeymoon
ofGermanphilosophy.
Allthe
trẻ
young
theologiansoftheTubingen
tổ chức
institution
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
And
whatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,
giàu
rich
,andstillyouthfulperiodof
những
the
Germanspirit,towhichRomanticism,
những
the
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,
khi
when
onecouldnotyet
phân biệt
distinguish
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Trên
Above
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
trí tuệ
intellectual
intuition,andtherebygratified
những
the
mostearnestlongingsof
những
the
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
làm
do
nogreaterwrongto
những
the
wholeofthisexuberant
and
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
and
senileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,
hoặc
or
eventreatitwith
đạo đức
moral
indignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrew
già
older
,andthedreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
người
people
rubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
vẫn
still
rubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
and
firstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
một
a
means(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
hoặc
or
atleastmeantto
nói
say
.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Một
An
explanation?
Orisitnotrather
chỉ
merely
arepetitionofthequestion?
Làm thế nào
How
doesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
một
a
means(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
bác sĩ
doctor
inMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
thuộc
belong
totherealmofcomedy,
and
itishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"Howaresyntheticjudgments
một
a
PRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightime
rằng
that
weshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgments
phải
must
bebelievedtobe
đúng
true
,forthesakeofthe
bảo tồn
preservation
ofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughthey
vẫn
still
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Hoặc
Or
,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
and
readily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
nên
should
not"bepossible"at
tất cả
all
;
wehavenorightto
chúng
them
;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbut
sai
false
judgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
niềm tin
belief
intheirtruthis
cần thiết
necessary
,asplausiblebeliefandocular
bằng chứng
evidence
belongingtotheperspectiveviewof
cuộc sống
life
.
Andfinally,tocalltomind
các
the
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
hy vọng
hope
youunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughout
các
the
wholeofEurope,thereis
không
no
doubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
một
a
shareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothe
quý tộc
noble
idlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
and
thepoliticalobscurantistsof
tất cả
all
nations,tofindanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyinto
này
this
,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...