Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
You
будете
willrejoicetohearthatне
nodisasterhasaccompaniedthecommencementofanenterprisewhichyouhaveregardedwithsuchevilforebodings.Iarrived
сюди
hereyesterday,andmyfirstзавдання
taskistoassuremydearsisterofmywelfareі
andincreasingconfidenceintheуспіху
successofmyundertaking.Iam
вже
alreadyfarnorthofLondon,і
andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Iвідчуваю
feelacoldnorthernbreezeplayuponmycheeks,whichbracesmynervesі
andfillsmewithdelight.Doyouunderstand
це
thisfeeling?Thisbreeze,whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowardswhichIamadvancing,givesmeaforetasteofthoseicyclimes.
Inspiritedbythis
вітром
windofpromise,mydaydreamsстають
becomemoreferventandvivid.I
намагаюся
tryinvaintobepersuadedщо
thatthepoleistheмісце
seatoffrostanddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomy
уяві
imaginationastheregionofкраси
beautyanddelight.There,Margaret,the
сонце
sunisforevervisible,itsbroadдиск
diskjustskirtingthehorizonі
anddiffusingaperpetualsplendour.There—for
з
withyourleave,mysister,Iwillputsometrustinprecedingnavigators—thereсніг
snowandfrostarebanished;і
and,sailingoveracalmморем
sea,wemaybewaftedtoaземлі
landsurpassinginwondersandinbeautyeveryregionhithertodiscoveredonthehabitableglobe.Itsproductions
і
andfeaturesmaybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheнебесних
heavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinцих
thoseundiscoveredsolitudes.Whatmaynotbeexpectedina
країні
countryofeternallight?I
може
maytherediscoverthewondrouspowerwhichattractstheneedleі
andmayregulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatпотребують
requireonlythisvoyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardent
цікавість
curiositywiththesightofapartoftheсвіту
worldneverbeforevisited,andmaytreadaземлю
landneverbeforeimprintedbytheнога
footofman.Thesearemyenticements,
і
andtheyaresufficienttoперемогти
conquerallfearofdangerчи
ordeathandtoinducemetoпочати
commencethislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyachildfeelsколи
whenheembarksinaмаленький
littleboat,withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofвідкриття
discoveryuphisnativeriver.Але
Butsupposingalltheseconjecturestobeнеправдиві
false,youcannotcontesttheinestimableкористь
benefitwhichIshallconferonвсі
allmankind,tothelastпокоління
generation,bydiscoveringapassageбіля
nearthepoletothosecountries,toreachяких
whichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;або
orbyascertainingthesecretofthemagnet,which,якщо
ifatallpossible,canтільки
onlybeeffectedbyanundertakingsuchasmine.Ці
Thesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationз
withwhichIbeganmyлист
letter,andIfeelmyсерце
heartglowwithanenthusiasmякий
whichelevatesmetoheaven,forніщо
nothingcontributessomuchtotranquillisethemindasaтверда
steadypurpose—apointonwhichtheдуша
soulmayfixitsintellectualeye.Ця
Thisexpeditionhasbeenthefavouriteмрією
dreamofmyearlyyears.Ihave
читав
readwithardourtheaccountsoftheрізні
variousvoyageswhichhavebeenmadeintheprospectofarrivingattheNorthТихого
PacificOceanthroughtheseasякі
whichsurroundthepole.Youmayremember
що
thatahistoryofallthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofвідкриття
discoverycomposedthewholeofourgoodUncleThomas’library.Myeducationwasneglected,
але
yetIwaspassionatelyfondofreading.Ці
Thesevolumesweremystudyдень
dayandnight,andmyfamiliarityз
withthemincreasedthatregretwhichIhadfelt,asachild,onlearningщо
thatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadforbiddenmyuncletoдозволити
allowmetoembarkinaseafaringжиття
life.ThesevisionsfadedwhenIperused,for
на
thefirsttime,thosepoetsчиї
whoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulі
andliftedittoheaven.I
також
alsobecameapoetandforодин
oneyearlivedinaраю
paradiseofmyowncreation;Iimagined
що
thatIalsomightobtainaнішу
nicheinthetemplewherethenamesofHomerі
andShakespeareareconsecrated.Youare
добре
wellacquaintedwithmyfailureі
andhowheavilyIboretheрозчарування
disappointment.Butjustatthat
час
timeIinheritedthefortuneofmycousin,і
andmythoughtswereturnedintotheканал
channeloftheirearlierbent.Шість
SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.Ican,
навіть
evennow,rememberthehourfromwhichIdedicatedmyselftoцьому
thisgreatenterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmy
тіло
bodytohardship.Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorth
Моря
Sea;Ivoluntarilyenduredcold,
голод
famine,thirst,andwantofсну
sleep;Ioftenworkedharder
ніж
thanthecommonsailorsduringthedayanddevotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofмедицини
medicine,andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromяких
whichanavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpracticaladvantage.Двічі
TwiceIactuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinна
aGreenlandwhaler,andacquittedmyselftoзахоплення
admiration.ImustownIfelta
трохи
littleproudwhenmycaptainofferedmetheseconddignityinthevesselі
andentreatedmetoremainз
withthegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.А
Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeservetoдосягти
accomplishsomegreatpurpose?My
життя
lifemighthavebeenpassedineaseі
andluxury,butIpreferredславі
glorytoeveryenticementthatwealthplacedinmyшлях
path.Oh,thatsomeencouraging
голос
voicewouldanswerintheaffirmative!My
мужність
courageandmyresolutionisfirm;але
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareчасто
oftendepressed.Iamabouttoproceedonalong
і
anddifficultvoyage,theemergenciesofwhichwilldemandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednot
тільки
onlytoraisethespiritsofothers,але
butsometimestosustainmyвласний
own,whentheirsarefailing.Thisisthemostfavourable
період
periodfortravellinginRussia.Theyfly
швидко
quicklyoverthesnowintheirsledges;на
themotionispleasant,and,inmyдумку
opinion,farmoreagreeablethanthatofanEnglishstagecoach.Thecoldisnotexcessive,
якщо
ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresswhichIhaveвже
alreadyadopted,forthereisagreatрізниця
differencebetweenwalkingthedeckі
andremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,коли
whennoexercisepreventstheкрові
bloodfromactuallyfreezinginyourveins.Ihave
не
noambitiontolosemyжиття
lifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.Petersburghі
andArchangel.Ishalldepartforthelatter
міста
towninafortnightorтри
threeweeks;andmyintentionistohirea
корабель
shipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebypayingtheinsurancefortheowner,і
andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryсеред
amongthosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.Idonotintendtosailuntilthemonthof
Червня
June;andwhenshallIreturn?
Ah,dearsister,
як
howcanIanswerthisпитання
question?IfIsucceed,many,
багато
manymonths,perhapsyears,willpassперш ніж
beforeyouandImayзустрітися
meet.IfIfail,youwillseeme
знову
againsoon,ornever.Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdown
благословення
blessingsonyou,andsaveмене
me,thatImayagainі
andagaintestifymygratitudeforallyourлюбов
loveandkindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28th
Березня
March,17—.Howslowlythe
час
timepasseshere,encompassedasIambyfrostі
andsnow!Yetasecond
крок
stepistakentowardsmyenterprise.Ihavehireda
судно
vesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;ті
thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIможу
candependandarecertainlypossessedofdauntlesscourage.ButI
є
haveonewantwhichIє
haveneveryetbeenabletoзадовольнити
satisfy,andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichIтепер
nowfeelasamostsevereзло
evil,Ihavenofriend,Margaret:коли
whenIamglowingwiththeenthusiasmofуспіху
success,therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;якщо
ifIamassailedbyрозчарування
disappointment,noonewillendeavourtosustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itis
правда
true;butthatisa
поганий
poormediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethecompanyofaman
який
whocouldsympathisewithme,чиї
whoseeyeswouldreplytomine.Youmaydeemmeromantic,mydearsister,
але
butIbitterlyfeelthewantofafriend.Ihave
немає
noonenearme,gentleале
yetcourageous,possessedofacultivatedaswellasofacapaciousmind,чиї
whosetastesarelikemyown,toapproveабо
oramendmyplans.Howwould
такий
suchafriendrepairthefaultsofyourбідного
poorbrother!Iamtooardentinexecution
і
andtooimpatientofdifficulties.Але
Butitisastillgreatereviltomeщо
thatIamself-educated:forthe
перші
firstfourteenyearsofmyжиття
lifeIranwildonacommonandreadнічого
nothingbutourUncleThomas’booksofvoyages.Atthat
віці
ageIbecameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofourowncountry;але
butitwasonlywhenithadceasedtobeinmypowertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromтакого
suchaconvictionthatIperceivedtheнеобхідність
necessityofbecomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesthanthatofmyрідної
nativecountry.NowIamtwenty-eight
і
andaminrealitymoreilliterateніж
thanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.Itis
правда
truethatIhavethoughtmoreі
andthatmydaydreamsaremoreextendedі
andmagnificent,buttheywant(asthepaintersназивають
callit)keeping;andIgreatlyneeda
друг
friendwhowouldhavesenseдостатньо
enoughnottodespisemeasromantic,і
andaffectionenoughformetoendeavourtoрегулювати
regulatemymind.Well,theseare
марні
uselesscomplaints;Ishallcertainlyfindnofriendonthewideocean,nor
навіть
evenhereinArchangel,amongmerchantsі
andseamen.Yetsomefeelings,unalliedtothedrossofhumannature,beat
навіть
evenintheseruggedbosoms.My
лейтенант
lieutenant,forinstance,isamanofwonderfulмужності
courageandenterprise;heismadlydesirousof
слави
glory,orrather,towordmyфразу
phrasemorecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisпрофесії
profession.HeisanEnglishman,
і
andinthemidstofнаціональних
nationalandprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,retainsдеякі
someofthenoblestendowmentsofлюдства
humanity.Ifirstbecameacquainted
з
withhimonboardawhaleсудна
vessel;findingthathewasunemployedin
цьому
thiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtoassistinmyenterprise.Themasterisa
людина
personofanexcellentdispositionі
andisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessі
andthemildnessofhisдисципліни
discipline.Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-knownintegrity
і
anddauntlesscourage,mademeдуже
verydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedinsolitude,mybestyearsspent
під
underyourgentleandfemininefosterage,hassorefinedthegroundworkofmycharacterщо
thatIcannotovercomeanintensedistastetotheusualbrutalityexercisedonборту
boardship:Ihaveneverbelievedittobenecessary,
і
andwhenIheardofamarinerнастільки ж
equallynotedforhiskindlinessofheartі
andtherespectandobediencepaidtohimbyhisекіпажу
crew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlyщасливим
fortunateinbeingabletosecurehisservices.Iheardofhimfirstin
досить
ratheraromanticmanner,fromaladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherжиття
life.This,briefly,ishis
історія
story.SomeyearsagohelovedayoungRussian
даму
ladyofmoderatefortune,andhavingamassedaconsiderableсуму
suminprize-money,thefatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.Hesawhismistressonce
перед
beforethedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,
і
andthrowingherselfathisніг
feet,entreatedhimtospareїї
her,confessingatthesametimeщо
thatshelovedanother,butщо
thathewaspoor,andщо
thatherfatherwouldneverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerous
друг
friendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedoftheім'я
nameofherlover,instantlyabandonedhispursuit.Hehad
вже
alreadyboughtafarmwithhisгроші
money,onwhichhehaddesignedtopasstheremainderofhisжиття
life;buthebestowedthewholeonhisrival,
разом
togetherwiththeremainsofhisprize-moneytopurchasestock,а
andthenhimselfsolicitedtheyoungwoman’sfathertoconsenttoherшлюб
marriagewithherlover.Butthe
старий
oldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyдруга
friend,who,whenhefoundtheбатько
fatherinexorable,quittedhiscountry,norreturneduntilheheardthathisformerкоханка
mistresswasmarriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
you
будете
willexclaim.Heisso;
але
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:heisassilentasaTurk,
і
andakindofignorantcarelessnessattendshim,which,whileitrendershisconducttheбільш
moreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestі
andsympathywhichotherwisehewouldcommand.Але
Yetdonotsuppose,becauseIcomplainaтрохи
littleorbecauseIcanconceiveaconsolationformytoilswhichImayніколи не
neverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Thoseareasfixedas
доля
fate,andmyvoyageisтільки
onlynowdelayeduntiltheпогода
weathershallpermitmyembarkation.The
зима
winterhasbeendreadfullysevere,але
butthespringpromiseswell,і
anditisconsideredasaнадзвичайно
remarkablyearlyseason,sothatможливо
perhapsImaysailsoonerніж
thanIexpected.Ishall
робити
donothingrashly:youknowme
достатньо
sufficientlytoconfideinmyprudenceі
andconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomycare.Icannot
описати
describetoyoumysensationsonthenearprospectofmyundertaking.Itis
неможливо
impossibletocommunicatetoyouaconceptionofthetremblingвідчуття
sensation,halfpleasurableandhalffearful,withwhichIampreparingtodepart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmist
і
andsnow,”butIshallkillне
noalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafety
або
orifIshouldcomebacktoyouaswornі
andwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”You
будете
willsmileatmyallusion,але
butIwilldiscloseaтаємницю
secret.Ihaveoftenattributedmyattachment
до
to,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofthemostimaginativeofmodernpoets.Thereis
щось
somethingatworkinmyдуші
soulwhichIdonotрозумію
understand.Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,aworkmantoexecutewithperseverance
і
andlabour—butbesidesthisthereisaлюбов
loveforthemarvellous,aвіра
beliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinвсіх
allmyprojects,whichhurriesmeoutofthecommonpathwaysofmen,навіть
eventothewildseaі
andunvisitedregionsIamabouttoдосліджувати
explore.Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.
ShallImeetyou
знову
again,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,і
andreturnedbythemostsouthernмису
capeofAfricaorAmerica?Idarenot
очікувати
expectsuchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartolookonthereverseofthepicture.Continueforthepresentto
писати
writetomebyeveryopportunity:Imay
отримувати
receiveyourlettersonsomeoccasionsколи
whenIneedthemmosttosupportmyspirits.Iloveyou
дуже
verytenderly.Remembermewith
любов
affection,shouldyouneverhearfrommeagain.Лист
Letter3ToMrs.Saville,England.
Липня
July7th,17—.MydearSister,.
Iwritea
кілька
fewlinesinhastetoсказати
saythatIamsafe—andдобре
welladvancedonmyvoyage.Цей
ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyamerchantmanзараз
nowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;більш
morefortunatethanI,whoможе
maynotseemynativeземлю
land,perhaps,formanyyears.Iam,
однак
however,ingoodspirits:mymenarebold
і
andapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordoна
thefloatingsheetsoficethatпостійно
continuallypassus,indicatingthedangersofна
theregiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaythem.Wehave
вже
alreadyreachedaveryhighшироти
latitude;butitistheheightof
літо
summer,andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,яких
whichblowusspeedilytowardsтих
thoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretoattain,дихають
breatheadegreeofrenovatingтепло
warmthwhichIhadnotexpected.Noincidentshavehithertobefallenus
що
thatwouldmakeafigureinaлисті
letter.Oneortwostiffgales
і
andthespringingofaleakareaccidentsякі
whichexperiencednavigatorsscarcelyremembertorecord,і
andIshallbewellcontentякщо
ifnothingworsehappentousпід час
duringourvoyage.Adieu,mydearMargaret.
Beassured
що
thatformyownsake,aswellasyours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.Iwillbecool,persevering,
і
andprudent.Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.
Whereforenot?
Thus
до цих пір
farIhavegone,tracingasecurewayoverthepathlessseas,theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesа
andtestimoniesofmytriumph.Чому
Whynotstillproceedovertheuntamedале
yetobedientelement?Whatcan
зупинити
stopthedeterminedheartandresolvedwillofman?Myswelling
серце
heartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.Але
ButImustfinish.Heavenblessmybelovedsister!
Лист
Letter4ToMrs.Saville,England.
Серпня
August5th,17—.Sostrangeanaccidenthashappenedtous
що
thatIcannotforbearrecordingйого
it,althoughitisveryймовірно
probablethatyouwillseemebeforeці
thesepaperscancomeintoyourpossession.Минулого
LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,який
whichclosedintheshiponусіх
allsides,scarcelyleavingherthesea-roominякий
whichshefloated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,
особливо
especiallyaswewerecompassedroundbyaдуже
verythickfog.Weaccordinglylayto,hoping
що
thatsomechangewouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereі
andweather.Abouttwoo’clockthe
туман
mistclearedaway,andwebeheld,stretchedoutineverydirection,vastі
andirregularplainsofice,які
whichseemedtohavenoкінця
end.Someofmycomradesgroaned,andmy
власний
ownmindbegantogrowwatchfulwithanxiousthoughts,коли
whenastrangesightsuddenlyattractedourувагу
attentionanddivertedoursolicitudefromourвласний
ownsituation.Weperceivedalowcarriage,fixedonasledge
і
anddrawnbydogs,passonдо
towardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalfamile;abeingwhichhadtheshapeofaman,
але
butapparentlyofgiganticstature,satinthesledgeі
andguidedthedogs.Wewatchedtherapidprogressofthetravellerwithourtelescopes
поки
untilhewaslostamongtheдалеких
distantinequalitiesoftheice.Цей
Thisappearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswebelieved,
багато
manyhundredmilesfromanyземлі
land;butthisapparitionseemedtodenote
що
thatitwasnot,inreality,sodistantaswehadsupposed.Shutin,
однак
however,byice,itwasнеможливо
impossibletofollowhistrack,які
whichwehadobservedwiththegreatestувагою
attention.Abouttwohoursafter
це
thisoccurrenceweheardthegroundsea,і
andbeforenighttheicebrokeі
andfreedourship.We,
однак
however,laytountiltheранку
morning,fearingtoencounterintheтемряві
darkthoselargeloosemassesякі
whichfloataboutafterthebreakingupoftheльоду
ice.Iprofitedofthistimeto
відпочити
restforafewhours.Inthe
вранці
morning,however,assoonasitwasсвітло
light,Iwentupondeckі
andfoundallthesailorsbusyononeстороні
sideofthevessel,apparentlytalkingtosomeoneintheморі
sea.Itwas,infact,asledge,likethatwehadseenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusinthe
вночі
nightonalargefragmentofльоду
ice.Onlyonedogremained
живим
alive;buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingto
увійти
enterthevessel.Hewasnot,astheothertravellerseemedtobe,asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,butaEuropean.
Коли
WhenIappearedondeckthemastersaid,“Hereisourкапітан
captain,andhewillnotallowyoutoзагинути
perishontheopensea.”Onperceiving
мене
me,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,хоча
althoughwithaforeignaccent.“BeforeIcomeonboardyourvessel,”said
він
he,“willyouhavethekindnesstoповідомити
informmewhitheryouarebound?”Youmayconceivemyastonishmentonhearingsucha
запитання
questionaddressedtomefromamanontheмежі
brinkofdestructionandtowhomIshouldhavesupposedthatmyvesselwouldhavebeenaресурс
resourcewhichhewouldnothaveexchangedforthemostpreciouswealththeземля
earthcanafford.Ireplied,
однак
however,thatwewereonavoyageofвідкриття
discoverytowardsthenorthernpole.Uponhearing
це
thisheappearedsatisfiedandconsentedtoприйти
comeonboard.GoodGod!
Margaret,ifyouhadseentheman
який
whothuscapitulatedforhisбезпеки
safety,yoursurprisewouldhavebeenboundless.Hislimbswere
майже
nearlyfrozen,andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedbyвтоми
fatigueandsuffering.Ineversawamaninsowretcheda
стані
condition.Weattemptedtocarryhimintothecabin,
але
butassoonashehadquittedtheсвіжого
freshairhefainted.Weaccordinglybroughthim
назад
backtothedeckandrestoredhimtoanimationbyrubbinghimwithbrandyі
andforcinghimtoswallowasmallкількість
quantity.Assoonasheshowedsignsof
життя
lifewewrappedhimupinblanketsandplacedhimбіля
nearthechimneyofthekitchenпечі
stove.Byslowdegreesherecovered
і
andatealittlesoup,яка
whichrestoredhimwonderfully.Twodayspassedinthismanner
перш ніж
beforehewasabletoговорити
speak,andIoftenfearedщо
thathissufferingshaddeprivedhimofunderstanding.Коли
Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyowncabinі
andattendedonhimasmuchasmyобов'язок
dutywouldpermit.Ineversawa
більш
moreinterestingcreature:hiseyeshave
як правило
generallyanexpressionofwildness,і
andevenmadness,buttherearemomentsколи
when,ifanyoneperformsanакт
actofkindnesstowardshimабо
ordoeshimanythemosttriflingservice,hiswholeобличчя
countenanceislightedup,asitwere,withabeamofbenevolenceі
andsweetnessthatIneversawequalled.Але
Butheisgenerallymelancholyі
anddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asifimpatientoftheваги
weightofwoesthatoppresseshim.Коли
Whenmyguestwasaтрохи
littlerecoveredIhadgreattroubletokeepoffthemen,які
whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;