PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspecting
що
thatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtoзрозуміти
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessі
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveзазвичай
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledі
andunseemlymethodsforwinningaжінки
woman?Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
і
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadі
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Але
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveі
anddecidedairsithasassumed,може
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilismі
andtyronism;andprobablythe
час
timeisathandwhenitбуде
willbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasнасправді
actuallysufficedforthebasisofтаких
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:можливо
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheформі
formofsubject-andego-superstition,hasnot
ще
yetceaseddoingmischief):perhaps
деякі
someplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofграматики
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofдуже
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
філософія
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasлише
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinще
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichймовірно
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,і
andpatiencehavebeenspentніж
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:we
зобов'язані
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandстилем
styleofarchitecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
серце
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,всі
allgreatthingshavefirsttoблукати
wanderabouttheearthasвеличезні
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
філософія
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantaдоктрина
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
хоча
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedщо
thattheworst,themosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sвинахід
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Але
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,коли
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,може
canagaindrawbreathfreelyі
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,ми
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofalltheсили
strengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
і
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—ofжиття
life,tospeakofSpiritі
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofних
them;indeedonemightask,asa
лікар
physician:"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinest
продукт
productofantiquity,Plato?Hadthe
злий
wickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
і
anddeservedhishemlock?"Butthe
боротьба
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,і
andforthe"people"—thestruggleпроти
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianityДля
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofдуші
soul,suchashadnotexistedніде
anywherepreviously;withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
можна
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
цю
thistensionasastateofdistress,і
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandстилі
styletounbendthebow:одного разу
oncebymeansofJesuitism,andtheдругого
secondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidofсвободи
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutщо
thatthespiritwouldnotsoлегко
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
них
them!buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Але
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevenдосить
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,і
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,allthedistressofдуху
spiritandallthetensionofitsлука
bow!Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
обов'язок
duty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Розділ
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanya
небезпечних
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichвсі
allphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasця
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!What
дивні
strange,perplexing,questionablequestions!Itis
вже
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwere
ледве
hardlycommenced.Isitany
дивно
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,loseтерпіння
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?Що
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?Хто
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?WHAT
насправді
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inнас
us?Infactwemadea
довго
longhaltatthequestionastotheпоходження
originofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillперед
beforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.Weinquired
про
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.Grantedthatwe
хочемо
wantthetruth:WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
А
Anduncertainty?Evenignorance?
The
проблема
problemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfперед
beforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesперед
beforetheproblem?WhichofusistheOedipus
тут
here?WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
здається
seemtobearendezvousofquestionsта
andnotesofinterrogation.Andcoulditbebelieved
що
thatitatlastseemstousasiftheпроблема
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedраніше
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,і
andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereis
ризик
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereisнемає
nogreaterrisk.2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
For
наприклад
example,truthoutoferror?чи
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewilltoобману
deception?orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
чи
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?Такий
Suchgenesisisimpossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,
гірший
worsethanafool;thingsofthehighest
цінність
valuemusthaveadifferentпоходження
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inцьому
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryсвіті
world,inthisturmoilofdelusionі
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.Але
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirджерело
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofміркування
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofвсіх
alltimescanberecognized,цей
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofвсіх
alltheirlogicalprocedure;through
цій
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forчогось
somethingthatisintheendурочисто
solemnlychristened"theTruth."Thefundamental
віра
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEВіра
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.Itneveroccurred
навіть
eventothewariestofthemtodoubtтут
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,однак
however,wasmostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,
чи
whetherantithesesexistatall;та
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsта
andantithesesofvalueuponяких
whichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhapsлише
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanвираз
expressioncurrentamongpainters.In
незважаючи
spiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,і
andtheunselfish,itmightbeможливо
possiblethatahigherandбільш
morefundamentalvalueforlifeцілому
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,і
andcupidity.Itmightevenbe
можливо
possiblethatWHATconstitutestheцінність
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistsсаме
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyпов'язані
related,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseзлих
evilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapsнавіть
eveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwithними
them.Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith
такі
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationonemust
чекати
awaittheadventofaнового
neworderofphilosophers,suchasбудуть
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofтих
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineveryсенсі
senseoftheterm.Andtospeakinallseriousness,Isee
такі
suchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
і
andhavingreadbetweentheirlinesдовго
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfщо
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,і
anditissoevenintheвипадку
caseofphilosophicalthinking;onehas
тут
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewпро
aboutheredityand"innateness."As
мало
littleastheactofнародження
birthcomesintoconsiderationintheвесь
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justasмало
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisiveсенсі
sense;thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
таємно
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,і
andforcedintodefinitechannels.І
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofруху
movement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeofжиття
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisкоштує
worthmorethantheuncertain,що
thatillusionislessvaluableніж
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeзначення
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeлише
onlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,
що
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
тут
here,perhaps,thatournewмова
languagesoundsmoststrangely.The
питання
questionis,howfaranдумка
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,можливо
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainщо
thatthefalsestopinions(toяких
whichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioriналежать
belong),arethemostindispensabletoнас
us,thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,без
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththeчисто
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteі
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheсвіту
worldbymeansofnumbers,людина
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Життя
LIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
чином
manner,andaphilosophywhichventurestoзробити
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfза
beyondgoodandevil.5.
Що
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeatedвідкриття
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howчасто
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirшлях
way,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butщо
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwithними
them,whereastheyallraiseaгучний
loudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheпроблема
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.They
всіх
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredі
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofaхолодної
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(inвідміну
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerі
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,ідея
idea,or"suggestion,"whichisяк правило
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedі
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutпісля
aftertheevent.Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
як правило
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andДуже
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichсміливо
bravelyadmitsthistoitself,дуже
veryfarfromhavingtheхороший
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessoдалеко
farastoletthisbeunderstood,можливо
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,або
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.На
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofстарого
oldKant,equallystiffandпристойний
decent,withwhichheenticesusintoна
thedialecticby-waysthatlead(moreправильно
correctlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonesпосміхатися
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutна
thesubtletricksofoldmoralistsі
andethicalpreachers.Or,still
більше
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalформі
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmailі
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatetheтермін
termfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrikeжаху
terroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaпогляд
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityі
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithas
поступово
graduallybecomecleartomewhatкожна
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousавтобіографія
auto-biography;andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)
мета
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichtheвся
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.Дійсно
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisзавжди
alwayswell(andwise)tofirstзапитати
askoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Відповідно
Accordingly,Idonotbelieveщо
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;але
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasтільки
onlymadeuseofknowledgeІ
(andmistakenknowledge!)asan
інструмент
instrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermininghow
далеко
fartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENIIЧи
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindщо
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatoneчас
timeoranother,andthatкожен
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlyдуже
toogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofіснування
existenceandthelegitimateLORDнад
overalltheotherimpulses.For
кожен
everyimpulseisimperious,andasТакий
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobe
звичайно
sure,inthecaseofscholars,intheвипадку
caseofreallyscientificmen,itможе
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;therethere
може
mayreallybesuchaріч
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,коли
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,Без
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialpartньому
therein.Theactual"interests"ofthe
вченого
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinзовсім
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,можливо
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,infact,
майже
almostindifferentatwhatpointofдослідження
researchhislittlemachineisplaced,і
andwhetherthehopefulyoungробітник
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,aгрибів
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
або
orthat.Inthephilosopher,onthe
навпаки
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;і
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecidedі
anddecisivetestimonyastoХто
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatпорядку
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
можуть
canbe!Iknowof
нічого
nothingmorestingingthantheжарт
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoта
andthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginal
сенсі
sense,andonthefaceofit,theслово
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesі
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
сказати
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisнічого
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).І
Andthelatterisreallyна
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscene
стиль
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!Він
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittleсаду
gardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,можливо
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetooka
сто
hundredyearstofindoutхто
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthe
сцену
scene;or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
бажаєте
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,younobleStoics,what
обман
fraudofwords!ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
без
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorсправедливості
justice,atoncefruitfulandbarrenі
anduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Байдужість
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouжити
liveinaccordancewithsuchбайдужість
indifference?Tolive—isnotthat
просто
justendeavouringtobeotherwiseніж
thanthisNature?Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
І
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingзгідно
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingзгідно
accordingtolife"—howcouldyouзробити
doDIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyou
робити
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesє
are,andmustbe?Inreality,
однак
however,itisquiteotherwiseз
withyou:whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
канон
canonofyourlawinNature,youхочете
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,youнадзвичайні
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!Inyour
гордості
prideyouwishtodictateyourmoralsі
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,і
andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsistthatitshallbe
Природа
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"і
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownобраз
image,asavast,eternalglorificationі
andgeneralismofStoicism!With
все
allyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessoдовго
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoбачити
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,що
thatyouarenolongerabletoбачити
seeitotherwise—andtocrownвсе
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamiteнадію
hopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillтакож
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Але
Butthisisanoldі
andeverlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimes
зі
withtheStoicsstillhappensсьогодні
today,assoonaseveraфілософія
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.It
завжди
alwayscreatestheworldinitsвласний
ownimage;itcannotdo
інакше
otherwise;philosophyisthistyrannical
імпульс
impulseitself,themostspiritualWilltoВлади
Power,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
і
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheпроблема
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesїжу
foodforthoughtandattention;andhe
хто
whohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andніщо
nothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrare
і
andisolatedcases,itmayдійсно
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantі
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:що
thatwhichintheendзавжди
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;there
можуть
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofсовісті
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinна
asurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainщось
something.ButthatisNihilism,
і
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedдуші
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingтака
suchavirtuemaydisplay.Itseems,
однак
however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerі
andlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforжиття
life.Inthattheyside
Проти
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyranktheдовіру
credibilityoftheirownbodiesпро
aboutaslowastheдовіру
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"і
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestволодіння
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinбільш
morefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotнасправді
reallytryingtowinbackщось
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerволодіння
possession,somethingoftheolddomainoftheвіри
faithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"можливо
perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldжити
livebetter,thatistosay,більш
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,ніж
thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTof
цих
thesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallщо
thathasbeenconstructedyesterdayі
andtoday;thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietyandscorn,which
може
cannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedпоходження
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsontheринок
market;adisgustofthe
більш
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessі
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeitherнового
newortrue,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatwe
повинні
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsі
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;their
інстинкт
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...what
робити
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernнам
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
що
thattheywishtogo"back,"butщо
thattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.A
трохи
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotназад
back!11.
Itseemstome
що
thatthereiseverywhereanспроба
attemptatpresenttodivertувагу
attentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,і
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlytheцінність
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
з
withitinhishandhesaid:"Thisisthemostdifficult
річ
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonімені
behalfofmetaphysics."Letus
тільки
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
судження
judgmentapriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
цьому
thismatter;thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhis
гордості
pride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungerпокоління
generationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobeще
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatis
насправді
reallyhisanswer?"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
жаль
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,але
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityandverbalflourishes,що
thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelight
більше
overthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsапогею
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthatчас
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Thencamethe
медовий місяць
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwent
негайно
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."І
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,і
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanдуху
spirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousфея
fairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyetвідрізнити
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Перш
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
і
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.One
можна
candonogreaterwrongtoна
thewholeofthisexuberantі
andeccentricmovement(whichwasнасправді
reallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryі
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitсерйозно
seriously,oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.Досить
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,і
andthedreamvanished.A
час
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,і
andtheystillrubthemсьогодні
today.Peoplehadbeendreaming,
і
andfirstandforemost—oldKant."Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
або
oratleastmeanttoсказати
say.But,isthat—ananswer?
An
пояснення
explanation?Orisitnotrather
просто
merelyarepetitionoftheпитання
question?Howdoesopiuminduce
сон
sleep?"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
саме
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliestheлікар
doctorinMoliere,.Butsuchreplies
належать
belongtotherealmofcomedy,і
anditishightimetoзамінити
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"byanother
питання
question,"Whyisbeliefinтакі
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishighчас
timethatweshouldunderstandщо
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,fortheзаради
sakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;хоча
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!Або
Or,moreplainlyspoken,andгрубо
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsaprioriповинні
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehave
не
norighttothem;inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Тільки
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausibleвіра
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtoна
theperspectiveviewoflife.І
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousвплив
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsправо
righttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisнемає
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
і
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,toзнайти
findanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromtheминулого
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...