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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Turkish A1-B2 Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Turkish A1-B2 Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
bir
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenot
zemin
groundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thatthe
korkunç
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhave
genellikle
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
ve
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
bir
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
asla
neverallowedherselftobewon;
ve
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswith
üzücü
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
For
var
therearescofferswhomaintainthatit
var
hasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatits
son
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
iyi
goodgroundsforhopingthat
tüm
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
ciddi
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsit
var
hasassumed,mayhavebeen
sadece
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;
ve
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonce
ve
andagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
ve
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
belki
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
ve
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
belki
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
ya da
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
çok
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
sadece
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
sonra
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstill
önceki
earliertimes,intheserviceof
ki
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
ve
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
herhangi
anyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
ve
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
ve
andEgypt,thegrandstyleof
mimari
architecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywith
sonsuz
everlastingclaims,allgreatthingshave
önce
firsttowanderaboutthe
yeryüzünde
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
felsefe
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
bu
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
ve
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthatthe
kötü
worst,themosttiresome,andthe
en
mostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
bir
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Saf
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Ama
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindraw
nefes
breathfreelyandatleastenjoy
bir
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
tüm
allthestrengthwhichthestruggle
karşı
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
ve
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
temel
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakof
Ruh
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
gerçekten
indeedonemightask,asa
doktor
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
saldırdı
attackthatfinestproductof
antik
antiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
gerçekten
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
ve
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
mücadele
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
ve
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
karşı
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Için
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
bir
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
var
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
with
böyle
suchatenselystrainedbowonecan
artık
nowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
bir
amatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
bu
thistensionasastateof
sıkıntı
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadein
büyük
grandstyletounbendthe
yayı
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
ve
andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratik
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthe
basın
pressandnewspaper-reading,might,in
aslında
fact,bringitaboutthatthe
ruhun
spiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—all
kredi
credittothem!
butthey
yine
againmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Ama
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,noreven
yeterince
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
ve
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
var
haveitstill,allthedistressof
ruhun
spiritandallthetensionofitsbow!
Ve
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
görev
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Bölüm
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanya
tehlikeli
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
tüm
allphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshas
bu
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
bizi
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
zaten
alreadyalongstory;
yetit
görünüyor
seemsasifitwere
neredeyse
hardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,
ve
andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
gerçekten
reallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHAT
gerçekten
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
aslında
factwemadealonghaltatthe
soru
questionastotheoriginof
bu
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoan
mutlak
absolutestandstillbeforeayetmore
temel
fundamentalquestion.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
bu
thisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
belirsizlik
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
Hangi
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
görünüyor
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
ve
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhad
hiç
neverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
ve
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
var
thereisriskinraisingit,
belki
perhapsthereisnogreater
risk
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
ya da
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
hile
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
ya da
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthe
bilge
wisemanoutofcovetousness?
Böyle
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worse
daha
thanafool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
olmalı
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
bu
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,in
bu
thisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
sahip
havetheirsource.
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Tanrı
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
ve
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeof
akıl
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
tüm
alltimescanberecognized,
bu
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
tüm
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
şey
somethingthatisinthe
sonunda
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
temel
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
hiç
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
şüphe
doubthereontheverythreshold(where
şüphe
doubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
bir
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
var
existatall;
andsecondly,whetherthe
popüler
popularvaluationsandantithesesof
değer
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhaps
sadece
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
ödünç
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
rağmen
spiteofallthevaluewhichmay
ait
belongtothetrue,the
olumlu
positive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
mümkün
possiblethatahigherand
daha
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
ve
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
mümkün
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
iyi
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
ilişkili
related,knotted,andcrochetedtothese
kötü
evilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
esasen
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Ama
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith
böyle
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthat
araştırma
investigationonemustawaittheadventofa
yeni
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
olacak
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
tehlikeli
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Ve
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
görüyorum
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkept
bir
asharpeyeonphilosophers,
ve
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
uzun
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthe
büyük
greaterpartofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
ve
anditissoeveninthecaseof
felsefi
philosophicalthinking;
onehashereto
öğrenmek
learnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredity
ve
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactof
doğum
birthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
tüm
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
herhangi
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
kısmı
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
bir
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
ve
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Ve
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyof
hareket
movement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
bir
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,
bu
thatthecertainisworthmorethantheuncertain,
bu
thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,
olabilir
mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybe
gerekli
necessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Varsayalım
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
sadece
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
bir
anopinionisnotforusany
itiraz
objectiontoit:
itishere,
belki
perhaps,thatournewlanguagesounds
en
moststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
belki
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions
Için
(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
ait
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,that
olmadan
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
olmadan
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe
tamamen
purelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
mutlak
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
sürekli
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldby
de
meansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationof
yanlış
falseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Bir
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
kesinlikle
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
değer
valueinadangerousmanner,
ve
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
ve
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
ve
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
keşif
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
ve
andeasilytheymakemistakes
ve
andlosetheirway,inshort,
ne kadar
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenough
dürüst
honestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraise
bir
aloudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
bile
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
ve
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
bir
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
aksine
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
ve
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,
bir
aprejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"
olan
whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
ve
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
sonra
aftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedas
böyle
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhich
cesurca
bravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthe
iyi
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbe
anlamaya
understood,perhapstowarnfriend
ya da
orfoe,orincheerful
güven
confidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
aynı derecede
equallystiffanddecent,with
olan
whichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(more
doğru
correctlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindno
küçük
smallamusementinspyingoutthe
ince
subtletricksofoldmoralists
ve
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matematiksel
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
ve
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
tercüme
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
terör
terroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshould
cesaret
daretocastaglanceonthat
yenilmez
invinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
ve
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
bir
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
yavaş yavaş
graduallybecomecleartomewhat
her
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
ve
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
ve
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
ahlaki
moral(orimmoral)purposein
her
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
gerçek
truevitalgermoutofwhichthe
tüm
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Gerçekten
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
bir
aphilosopherhavebeenarrived
de
at,itisalwayswell(andwise)to
önce
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Buna göre
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethat
bir
an"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
babası
fatherofphilosophy;
butthatanother
dürtü
impulse,hereaselsewhere,has
sadece
onlymadeuseofknowledge(and
yanlış
mistakenknowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Ama
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermining
ne kadar
howfartheymayhave
burada
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
ve
andcobolds),willfindthattheyhave
tüm
allpracticedphilosophyatonetimeoranother,
ve
andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoo
memnun
gladtolookuponitselfasthe
nihai
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
meşru
legitimateLORDoverallthe
diğer
otherimpulses.
Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
ve
andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
elbette
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseof
gerçekten
reallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"
eğer
ifyouwill;
therethere
olabilir
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
çeşit
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,
çalışır
worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestaking
herhangi
anymaterialparttherein.
The
gerçek
actual"interests"ofthescholar,
bu nedenle
therefore,aregenerallyinquite
başka
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
ya da
orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
aslında
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
küçük
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthe
umutlu
hopefulyoungworkerbecomesa
iyi
goodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
ya da
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
ya da
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthe
tersine
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
ve
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
bir
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Kim
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
sırada
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandto
her
eachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
bilmiyorum
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
ve
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
orijinal
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,the
kelime
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
ve
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
gerçek
genuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
popüler
popularnameforanactor).
Ve
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
tavır
manner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
ve
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
kim
whosatconcealedinhis
küçük
littlegardenatAthens,andwrote
üç
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
öfkesi
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,
kim
whoknows!
Greecetooka
yüz
hundredyearstofindout
kim
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
bir
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
ya da
or,toputitinthewordsof
bir
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
soylu
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Hayal
Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
gibi
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlessly
kayıtsız
indifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpity
ya da
orjustice,atoncefruitful
ve
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
bir
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewith
böyle
suchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthis
Doğa
Nature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
farklı
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
göre
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythe
aynı
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudo
Farklı
DIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyoumake
bir
aprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
ve
andmustbe?
Inreality,
bununla birlikte
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
ederken
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawin
Doğa
Nature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,you
olağanüstü
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
istiyorsunuz
wishtodictateyourmorals
ve
andidealstoNature,to
Doğa
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbe
Doğa
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
ve
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryour
kendi
ownimage,asavast,
sonsuz
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
With
tüm
allyourlovefortruth,youhave
zorladınız
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
ve
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
görmeye
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
o
thatyouarenolongerableto
görmeye
seeitotherwise—andtocrown
tüm
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
o
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
bir
aPARTofNature?...
But
bu
thisisanoldand
sonsuz
everlastingstory:
whathappenedin
eski
oldtimeswiththeStoics
hala
stillhappenstoday,assoonasever
bir
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
her zaman
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
felsefe
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
en
mostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
ve
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
ve
andtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
yiyecek
foodforthoughtandattention;
ve
andhewhohearsonly
bir
a"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
ve
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
In
nadir
rareandisolatedcases,it
olabilir
mayreallyhavehappenedthat
böyle
suchaWilltoTruth—a
belirli
certainextravagantandadventurouspluck,
bir
ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichinthe
sonunda
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
bir
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
olabilir
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
vicdan
conscience,whoprefertoputtheir
son
lasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninan
belirsiz
uncertainsomething.
ButthatisNihilism,
ve
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
ruhun
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
böyle
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
görünüyor
seems,however,tobeotherwisewith
güçlü
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
hala
stilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Karşı
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutas
düşük
lowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
ve
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
inanıyor
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
biliyor
knowsiftheyarenotreallytryingto
kazanmaya
winbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
belki
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatisto
de
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Var
ThereisDISTRUSTofthese
modern
modernideasinthismodeof
bakma
lookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthat
var
hasbeenconstructedyesterdayand
bugün
today;
thereisperhapssome
hafif
slightadmixtureofsatietyandscorn,whichcannolonger
tahammül
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
en
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
a
throwsonthemarket;
adisgustofthe
daha
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
ve
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeither
yeni
newortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshould
aynı fikirde
agreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
ve
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Modern
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
bizi
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
cesaret
courage,andartisticpower,andthey
olacaktı
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethat
var
thereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivert
dikkat
attentionfromtheactualinfluence
ki
whichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
ve
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevalue
ki
whichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
öncelikle
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhe
dedi
said:
"Thisisthemost
zor
difficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
adına
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sadece
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
gurur
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
yeni
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
bir
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthis
konuda
matter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhis
gurur
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
genç
youngergenerationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
bir
amoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
soruyor
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
cevabı
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
ne yazık ki
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
ama
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
ile
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
ve
andverbalflourishes,thatone
tamamen
altogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
böyle
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
ile
withdelightoverthisnew
fakülte
faculty,andthejubilationreachedits
doruk
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
bir
amoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswere
hala
stillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
geldi
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Tüm
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
gittiler
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Ve
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
masum
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the
kötü niyetli
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnot
henüz
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveall
bir
afacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
entelektüel
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthe
en
mostearnestlongingsofthe
doğal
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandono
büyük
greaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
ve
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
ve
andsenileconceptions),thanto
almak
takeitseriously,oreven
muamele
treatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
dünya
worldgrewolder,andthe
rüya
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
insanlar
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
hala
stillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
ve
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"By
demişti
meansofameans(faculty)"—hehad
demişti
said,oratleastmeantto
demişti
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Bir
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrather
sadece
merelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Nasıl
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
yani
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Ama
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmof
komedi
comedy,anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"Howaresyntheticjudgments
bir
aPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
doğru
true,forthesakeofthe
korunması
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughtheystill
olabilir
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Ya da
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
kabaca
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
yok
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sadece
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,as
inandırıcı
plausiblebeliefandocularevidencebelongingtothe
perspektif
perspectiveviewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
muazzam
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
umarım
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
tüm
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthat
bir
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
bir
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothe
asil
nobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
ve
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
tüm
allnations,tofindan
panzehir
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
geçen
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...