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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Turkish A1 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Turkish A1 Students

This progressive translation technique brings multiple benefits to language learners. It lets you choose the difficulty level that matches your abilities, making sure the material is challenging but not too difficult. By focusing on understanding words in context, this method boosts your comprehension skills. While direct translations are slightly hidden to promote guessing from context, you can always check unfamiliar words. This approach makes learning a new language both engaging and accessible, offering the right mix of difficulty and encouragement. Embark on a journey through translated classics and enjoy the process of learning through reading.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
bir
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
tüm
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
ve
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
ve
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
bir
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
asla
neverallowedherselftobewon;
ve
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsad
ve
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
For
var
therearescofferswhomaintainthatit
var
hasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatits
son
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
iyi
goodgroundsforhopingthat
tüm
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
ve
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
olabilir
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
ve
andtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonce
ve
andagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
ve
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
belki
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
ve
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
belki
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
ya da
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
çok
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
sadece
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceof
ki
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
ve
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
herhangi
anyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
ve
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
ve
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
tüm
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
yeryüzünde
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
bir
acaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
ve
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
en
mosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
bir
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
ve
andtheGoodinItself.
Ama
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreathfreely
ve
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
biz
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
tüm
allthestrengthwhichthestruggle
karşı
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
ve
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpirit
ve
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
tür
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
gerçekten
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
ve
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
karşı
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
ve
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
karşı
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Için
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
bir
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
var
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
with
böyle
suchatenselystrainedbowonecan
artık
nowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
bir
amatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
bu
thistensionasastateofdistress,
ve
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
ve
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
ve
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
ama
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Ama
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,we
Güzel
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERY
özgür
freespirits—wehaveitstill,
tüm
allthedistressofspirit
ve
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Ve
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
ve
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTER
I
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
tüm
allphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshas
bu
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
bizi
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
zaten
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,
ve
andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
gerçekten
reallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHAT
gerçekten
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
aslında
factwemadealonghaltatthe
soru
questionastotheoriginof
bu
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayetmorefundamental
soru
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
bu
thisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Bile
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
Hangi
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobe
bir
arendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
Ve
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhad
hiç
neverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
ve
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
var
thereisriskinraisingit,
belki
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULD
şey
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
ya da
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewilltodeception?
ya da
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
ya da
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Böyle
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worse
daha
thanafool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
olmalı
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
bu
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,in
bu
thisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
sahip
havetheirsource.
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Tanrı
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
ve
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
tüm
alltimescanberecognized,
bu
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
tüm
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
şey
somethingthatisinthe
sonunda
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
hiç
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
burada
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
en
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
bir
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
ve
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
ve
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
bir
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
tüm
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
gerçek
true,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
mümkün
possiblethatahigherand
daha
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
ve
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
mümkün
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
iyi
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
ve
andcrochetedtotheseevil
ve
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Belki
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith
böyle
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
gerekir
mustawaittheadventofa
yeni
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
olacak
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"in
her
everysenseoftheterm.
Ve
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
görüyorum
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkept
bir
asharpeyeonphilosophers,
ve
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
uzun
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
kısmı
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
ve
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
bir
onehasheretolearnanew,as
bir
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
ve
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
tüm
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
herhangi
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
kısmı
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
bir
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
ve
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Ve
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
ya da
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
bir
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,
bu
thatthecertainisworthmorethantheuncertain,
bu
thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,
olabilir
mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
sadece
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
bir
anopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itishere,
belki
perhaps,thatournewlanguagesounds
en
moststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
belki
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions
Için
(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
en
mostindispensabletous,that
olmadan
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
olmadan
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
ve
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheworldby
de
meansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Bir
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
bir
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
ve
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
ve
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
ne kadar
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
ve
andeasilytheymakemistakes
ve
andlosetheirway,inshort,
ne kadar
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraise
bir
aloudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
bile
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
ve
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
bir
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
ve
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,
bir
aprejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"
olan
whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
ve
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
sonra
aftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedas
böyle
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthe
iyi
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbe
anlamaya
understood,perhapstowarnfriend
ya da
orfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
ve
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,equallystiff
ve
anddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindno
küçük
smallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
ve
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
ve
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
ve
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocast
bir
aglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
ve
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
bir
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
her
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
ve
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
ve
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
her
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
gerçek
truevitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthas
her zaman
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
nasıl
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
bir
aphilosopherhavebeenarrived
de
at,itisalwayswell(andwise)to
önce
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
inanmıyorum
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
babası
fatherofphilosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,
burada
hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
bir
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermining
ne kadar
howfartheymayhave
burada
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
ve
andcobolds),willfindthattheyhave
tüm
allpracticedphilosophyatonetimeoranother,
ve
andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
ve
andthelegitimateLORDover
tüm
alltheotherimpulses.
For
her
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
elbette
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseof
gerçekten
reallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"
eğer
ifyouwill;
therethere
olabilir
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
çeşit
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,
çalışır
worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestaking
herhangi
anymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyin
tamamen
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
belki
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
aslında
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
küçük
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopeful
genç
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
bir
amushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
ya da
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
ve
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
bir
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Kim
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
sırada
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandto
her
eachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
bilmiyorum
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
ve
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
ve
andonthefaceofit,the
kelime
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
ve
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
Ve
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
ve
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
kim
whosatconcealedinhis
küçük
littlegardenatAthens,andwrote
üç
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
ve
andambitiousenvyofPlato,
kim
whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
kim
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
bir
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
ya da
or,toputitinthewordsof
bir
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
bir
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
ya da
orconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
ve
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
bir
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewith
böyle
suchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
farklı
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"means
aslında
actuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Neden
Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
ve
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
oldukça
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,you
istiyorsunuz
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
ve
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
istiyorsunuz
wishtodictateyourmorals
ve
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
ve
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
ve
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryour
kendi
ownimage,asavast,eternalglorification
ve
andgeneralismofStoicism!
With
tüm
allyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
ve
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
görmeye
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
o
thatyouarenolongerableto
görmeye
seeitotherwise—andtocrown
tüm
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
o
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
bir
aPARTofNature?...
But
bu
thisisanoldandeverlasting
hikaye
story:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoics
hala
stillhappenstoday,assoonasever
bir
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
her zaman
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
bu
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
en
mostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
ve
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
ve
andtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
yiyecek
foodforthoughtandattention;
ve
andhewhohearsonly
bir
a"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
ve
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
ve
andisolatedcases,itmay
gerçekten
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
bir
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
ve
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichinthe
sonunda
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
bir
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
olabilir
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whoprefertoputtheir
son
lasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
Ama
ButthatisNihilism,andthe
işareti
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
böyle
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
ve
andlivelierthinkerswhoare
hala
stilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Karşı
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
ve
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
inanıyor
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
biliyor
knowsiftheyarenotreallytryingto
kazanmaya
winbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
belki
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatisto
de
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Var
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeof
bakma
lookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthat
var
hasbeenconstructedyesterdayand
bugün
today;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
ve
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
en
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
bir
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
ve
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeither
yeni
newortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
ve
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
bizi
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
ve
andartisticpower,andthey
olacaktı
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethat
var
thereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluence
ki
whichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
ve
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevalue
ki
whichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
öncelikle
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhe
dedi
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sadece
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVERED
bir
anewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
bir
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthis
konuda
matter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
ve
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
bir
amoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
soruyor
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
cevabı
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
beş
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
ve
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
ve
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
böyle
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
ile
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
ve
andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
bir
amoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswere
hala
stillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
geldi
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Tüm
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
gittiler
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Ve
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
ve
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
ve
andsang,whenonecouldnot
henüz
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveall
bir
afacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
ve
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Bir
Onecandonogreater
yanlış
wrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
ve
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
ve
andsenileconceptions),thanto
almak
takeitseriously,oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
dünya
worldgrewolder,andthe
rüya
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
insanlar
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
hala
stillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
ve
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"By
demişti
meansofameans(faculty)"—hehad
demişti
said,oratleastmeantto
demişti
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Bir
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Nasıl
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Ama
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
ve
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"Howaresyntheticjudgments
bir
aPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
doğru
true,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughtheystill
olabilir
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Ya da
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
ve
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
yok
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sadece
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
ve
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
Ve
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
umarım
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
tüm
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthat
bir
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
bir
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
ve
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
tüm
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
hala
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
geçen
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...