Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
Youwill
glädjas
rejoicetohearthatnodisasterhasåtföljt
accompaniedthecommencementofanföretag
enterprisewhichyouhaveregardedwithsuchevilforebodings.Iarrivedhereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskisto
försäkra
assuremydearsisterofmyvälfärd
welfareandincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.IamalreadyfarnorthofLondon,andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Ifeelacoldnorthern
bris
breezeplayuponmycheeks,whichspänner
bracesmynervesandfillsmewithglädje
delight.Doyouunderstandthisfeeling?
This
bris
breeze,whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowardswhichIamadvancing,givesmeaforetasteofthoseisiga
icyclimes.Inspiritedbythiswindofpromise,mydaydreamsbecomemoreferventand
levande
vivid.Itryinvaintobepersuadedthatthepoleistheseatof
frost
frostanddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeautyand
glädje
delight.There,Margaret,thesunisforever
synlig
visible,itsbroaddiskjustskirtingthehorisonten
horizonanddiffusingaperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,mysister,Iwillputsometrustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowand
frost
frostarebanished;and,sailingoveracalmsea,wemaybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersandinbeautyeveryregionhithertodiscoveredonthehabitable
jordklotet
globe.Itsproductionsandfeaturesmaybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaofthe
himmelska
heavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinthoseundiscoveredsolitudes.Whatmaynotbeexpectedinacountryofeternallight?
Imaythere
upptäcka
discoverthewondrouspowerwhichlockar
attractstheneedleandmayreglera
regulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatkräver
requireonlythisvoyagetogöra
rendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardent
nyfikenhet
curiositywiththesightofapartoftheworldneverbeforevisited,andmaytrampa
treadalandneverbeforeimprintedbythefootofman.Thesearemyenticements,andtheyaresufficienttoconquerallfearofdangerordeathandtoinducemeto
inleda
commencethislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyachildfeelswhenheembarksinalittleboat,withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryuphisnativeriver.Butsupposingalltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontesttheinestimable
fördel
benefitwhichIshallconferonallmänskligheten
mankind,tothelastgeneration,byupptäcka
discoveringapassagenearthepoletothosecountries,toreachwhichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;orbyascertainingthesecretofthemagnet,which,ifatallpossible,canonlybeeffectedbyanundertakingsuchasmine.
ThesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationwithwhichIbeganmyletter,andIfeelmyheart
glöder
glowwithanenthusiasmwhichelevatesmetoheaven,fornothingbidrar
contributessomuchtotranquillisethemindasasteadypurpose—apointonwhichthesoulmayfixitsintellektuella
intellectualeye.Thisexpeditionhasbeenthe
favorit
favouritedreamofmyearlyyears.Ihavereadwithardourtheaccountsofthe
olika
variousvoyageswhichhavebeenmadeintheprospectofarrivingattheNorthStilla havet
PacificOceanthroughtheseaswhichomger
surroundthepole.YoumayrememberthatahistoryofallthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedthewholeofourgoodUncleThomas’library.
Myeducationwasneglected,yetIwas
passionerat
passionatelyfondofreading.Thesevolumesweremystudydayandnight,andmyfamiliaritywiththem
ökade
increasedthatregretwhichIhadfelt,asachild,onlearningthatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadförbjudit
forbiddenmyuncletoallowmetoembarkinaseafaringlife.Thesevisions
bleknade
fadedwhenIperused,forthefirsttime,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulandliftedittoheaven.Ialsobecamea
poet
poetandforoneyearlivedinaparadiseofmyowncreation;IimaginedthatIalsomight
få
obtainanicheinthetemplewherethenamesofHomerandShakespeareareconsecrated.Youarewellacquaintedwithmyfailureandhow
tungt
heavilyIborethedisappointment.ButjustatthattimeI
ärvde
inheritedthefortuneofmycousin,andmythoughtswereturnedintothechanneloftheirearlierbent.SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.
Ican,evennow,rememberthehourfromwhichIdedicatedmyselftothisgreat
företag
enterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmybodyto
svårigheter
hardship.Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
I
frivilligt
voluntarilyenduredcold,famine,thirst,andwantofsleep;Ioftenworkedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthedayand
ägnade
devotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromwhichamarin
navaladventurermightderivethegreatestpraktiska
practicaladvantage.TwiceIactuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,andacquittedmyselfto
beundran
admiration.ImustownIfeltalittleproudwhenmycaptainofferedmetheseconddignityinthevesselandentreatedmetoremainwiththegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.
Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeserveto
åstadkomma
accomplishsomegreatpurpose?Mylifemighthavebeenpassedineaseand
lyx
luxury,butIpreferredglorytoeveryenticementthatwealthplacedinmypath.Oh,thatsomeencouragingvoicewouldanswerintheaffirmative!
Mycourageandmy
beslutsamhet
resolutionisfirm;butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoften
deprimerad
depressed.Iamabouttoproceedonalonganddifficult
resa
voyage,theemergenciesofwhichwillkräva
demandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednotonlytoraisethespiritsofothers,butsometimesto
upprätthålla
sustainmyown,whentheirsarefailing.ThisisthemostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.
Theyflyquicklyoverthesnowintheirsledges;
themotionispleasant,and,inmyopinion,farmoreagreeablethanthatofanEnglishstagecoach.
Thecoldisnot
överdriven
excessive,ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresswhichIhavealreadyantagit
adopted,forthereisagreatdifferencebetweenwalkingthedäck
deckandremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,whennoexercisehindrar
preventsthebloodfromactuallyfreezinginyourveins.Ihaveno
ambition
ambitiontolosemylifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.PetersburghandArchangel.Ishalldepartforthe
senare
lattertowninafortnightorthreeweeks;andmy
avsikt
intentionistohireashipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebypayingtheinsurancefortheowner,andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryamongthosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.Idonot
tänker
intendtosailuntilthemonthofJune;andwhenshallIreturn?
Ah,dearsister,howcanIanswerthisquestion?
IfI
lyckas
succeed,many,manymonths,perhapsyears,willpassbeforeyouandImaymeet.IfIfail,youwillseemeagainsoon,ornever.
Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdown
välsignelser
blessingsonyou,andsaveme,thatImayagainandagaintestifymytacksamhet
gratitudeforallyourloveandvänlighet
kindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
Howslowlythetimepasseshere,encompassedasIamby
frost
frostandsnow!Yetasecondstepistakentowardsmy
företag
enterprise.Ihavehireda
fartyg
vesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;thosewhomIhavealready
engagerat
engagedappeartobemenonwhomIcandependandarecertainlyhar
possessedofdauntlesscourage.ButIhaveonewantwhichIhaveneveryetbeenableto
tillfredsställa
satisfy,andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichInowfeelasamostallvarlig
severeevil,Ihavenofriend,Margaret:whenIam
glöder
glowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,therewillbenonetodeltar
participatemyjoy;ifIamassailedby
besvikelse
disappointment,noonewillendeavourtoupprätthålla
sustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itistrue;
butthatisapoor
medium
mediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethecompanyofamanwhocouldsympathisewithme,whoseeyeswould
svara
replytomine.Youmaydeemmeromantic,mydearsister,butIbitterlyfeelthewantofafriend.
Ihavenoonenearme,
mild
gentleyetcourageous,possessedofakultiverat
cultivatedaswellasofacapaciousmind,whosetastesarelikemyown,togodkänna
approveoramendmyplans.Howwouldsuchafriend
reparera
repairthefaultsofyourpoorbrother!Iamtooardentinexecutionandtoo
otålig
impatientofdifficulties.ButitisastillgreatereviltomethatIamself-educated:
forthefirstfourteenyearsofmylifeIranwildonacommonandreadnothingbutourUncleThomas’booksofvoyages.
AtthatageIbecameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofourowncountry;
butitwasonlywhenithad
upphört
ceasedtobeinmypowertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromsuchaövertygelse
convictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofbecomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesthanthatofmynativecountry.NowIamtwenty-eightandaminrealitymore
analfabet
illiteratethanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.ItistruethatIhavethoughtmoreandthatmydaydreamsaremore
utökade
extendedandmagnificent,buttheywant(asthepainterscallit)keeping;andI
mycket
greatlyneedafriendwhowouldhavesenseenoughnottoförakta
despisemeasromantic,andtillgivenhet
affectionenoughformetoendeavourtoreglera
regulatemymind.Well,theseareuselesscomplaints;
Ishallcertainlyfindnofriendonthewideocean,norevenhereinArchangel,amongmerchantsandseamen.
Yetsomefeelings,unalliedtothedrossofhumannature,beatevenintheseruggedbosoms.
Mylieutenant,for
exempel
instance,isamanofwonderfulcourageandenterprise;heis
galet
madlydesirousofglory,orrather,towordmyfras
phrasemorecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisyrke
profession.HeisanEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalandprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,
behåller
retainssomeofthenoblestendowmentsofmänskligheten
humanity.Ifirstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboardawhalevessel;
findingthathewas
arbetslös
unemployedinthiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtohjälpa
assistinmyenterprise.Themasterisapersonofanexcellent
sinnelag
dispositionandisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessandthemildnessofhisdisciplin
discipline.Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-known
integritet
integrityanddauntlesscourage,mademeverydesiroustoengagera
engagehim.Ayouthpassedin
ensamhet
solitude,mybestyearsspentunderyourgentleandkvinnliga
femininefosterage,hassorefinedthegroundworkofmycharacterthatIcannotövervinna
overcomeanintensedistastetotheusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:Ihaveneverbelievedittobenecessary,andwhenIheardofamariner
lika
equallynotedforhiskindlinessofheartandtherespectandlydnad
obediencepaidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlyfortunateinbeingabletosecurehisservices.Iheardofhimfirstinratheraromantic
sätt
manner,fromaladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherlife.This,
kortfattat
briefly,ishisstory.SomeyearsagohelovedayoungRussianladyof
måttlig
moderatefortune,andhavingamassedabetydande
considerablesuminprize-money,thefatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.Hesawhis
älskarinna
mistressoncebeforethedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,
erkänner
confessingatthesametimethatshelovedanother,butthathewaspoor,andthatherfatherwouldneverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerousfriend
lugnade
reassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofthenameofherlover,omedelbart
instantlyabandonedhispursuit.Hehadalreadyboughtafarmwithhismoney,onwhichhehaddesignedtopassthe
resten
remainderofhislife;buthebestowedthewholeonhis
rival
rival,togetherwiththeremainsofhisprize-moneytoköpa
purchasestock,andthenhimselfsolicitedtheyoungwoman’sfathertoconsenttohermarriagewithherlover.Buttheoldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyfriend,who,whenhefoundthefatherinexorable,quittedhiscountry,norreturneduntilheheardthathisformer
älskarinna
mistresswasmarriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
youwillexclaim.
Heisso;
butthenheis
helt
whollyuneducated:heisassilentasaTurk,andakindof
okunnig
ignorantcarelessnessattendshim,which,whileitrendershisuppförande
conductthemoreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestandsympati
sympathywhichotherwisehewouldcommand.Yetdonotsuppose,becauseI
klagar
complainalittleorbecauseIcanconceiveatröst
consolationformytoilswhichImayneverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Thoseareasfixedasfate,andmy
resa
voyageisonlynowdelayeduntiltheweathershalltillåter
permitmyembarkation.Thewinterhasbeendreadfullysevere,butthespringpromiseswell,anditisconsideredasa
anmärkningsvärt
remarkablyearlyseason,sothatperhapsImaysegla
sailsoonerthanIexpected.Ishalldonothingrashly:
youknowme
tillräckligt
sufficientlytoconfideinmyprudenceandconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomycare.Icannot
beskriva
describetoyoumysensationsonthenearprospectofmyundertaking.Itisimpossibleto
förmedla
communicatetoyouaconceptionofthetremblingsensation,halfpleasurableandhalffruktansvärd
fearful,withwhichIampreparingtodepart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandof
dimma
mistandsnow,”butIshallkillnoalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafetyorifIshouldcomebacktoyouaswornandwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”
Youwillsmileatmyallusion,butIwill
avslöja
discloseasecret.Ihaveoftenattributedmyattachmentto,mypassionate
entusiasm
enthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofthemostimaginativeofmodernpoets.ThereissomethingatworkinmysoulwhichIdonotunderstand.
Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,aworkmanto
utföra
executewithperseveranceandlabour—butbesidesthisthereisalovefortheunderbara
marvellous,abeliefintheunderbara
marvellous,intertwinedinallmyprojects,whichhurriesmeoutofthecommonpathwaysofmen,eventothewildseaandunvisitedregionsIamabouttoutforska
explore.Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.
ShallImeetyouagain,afterhavingtraversed
enorma
immenseseas,andreturnedbythemostsouthernkap
capeofAfricaorAmerica?Idarenotexpectsuchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartolookonthereverseofthepicture.
Continueforthepresenttowritetomebyeveryopportunity:
ImayreceiveyourlettersonsomeoccasionswhenIneedthemmosttosupportmyspirits.
Iloveyouverytenderly.
Remembermewith
tillgivenhet
affection,shouldyouneverhearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Juli
July7th,17—.MydearSister,.
IwriteafewlinesinhastetosaythatIamsafe—andwelladvancedonmy
resa
voyage.ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyamerchantmannowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;
morefortunatethanI,whomaynotseemynativeland,perhaps,formanyyears.
Iam,however,ingoodspirits:
mymenare
djärva
boldandapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordothefloatingsheetsoficethatständigt
continuallypassus,indicatingthedangersoftheregionen
regiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaythem.Wehavealreadyreachedaveryhighlatitude;
butitistheheightofsummer,andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,the
södra
southerngales,whichblowusspeedilytowardsthoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretouppnå
attain,breatheadegreeofrenovatingvärme
warmthwhichIhadnotexpected.Noincidentshavehithertobefallenusthatwouldmakeafigureinaletter.
Oneortwostiffgalesandthespringingofa
läcka
leakareaccidentswhichexperiencednavigatorsknappt
scarcelyremembertorecord,andIshallbewellcontentifnothingworsehappentousduringourresa
voyage.Adieu,mydearMargaret.
Beassuredthatformyownsake,aswellasyours,Iwillnotrashly
stöta
encounterdanger.Iwillbecool,persevering,and
försiktig
prudent.Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.
Whereforenot?
ThusfarIhavegone,tracingasecurewayoverthepathlessseas,theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesandtestimoniesofmy
triumf
triumph.Whynotstillproceedovertheuntamedyetobedientelement?
Whatcanstopthedeterminedheartandresolvedwillofman?
My
svullna
swellingheartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.ButImustfinish.
Heavenblessmybelovedsister!
Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
SostrangeanaccidenthashappenedtousthatIcannotforbearrecordingit,althoughitisvery
troligt
probablethatyouwillseemebeforethesepaperscancomeintoyourbesittning
possession.LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,whichclosedintheshiponallsides,
knappt
scarcelyleavingherthesea-roominwhichsheflöt
floated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundbyaverythick
dimma
fog.Weaccordinglylayto,hopingthatsomechangewouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereandweather.
Abouttwoo’clockthemistclearedaway,andwebeheld,stretchedoutineverydirection,vastandirregularplainsofice,whichseemedtohavenoend.
Someofmycomrades
stönade
groaned,andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulwithanxiousthoughts,whenastrangesightsuddenlylockade
attractedourattentionanddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceivedalow
vagn
carriage,fixedonasledgeanddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalfamile;abeingwhichhadtheshapeofaman,butapparentlyofgiganticstature,satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.
Wewatchedtherapidprogressofthetravellerwithourtelescopesuntilhewaslostamongthedistantinequalitiesoftheice.
This
framträdande
appearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswebelieved,manyhundredmilesfromanyland;
butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,so
avlägsen
distantaswehadsupposed.Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibletofollowhistrack,whichwehadobservedwiththegreatestattention.
Abouttwohoursafterthis
händelse
occurrenceweheardthegroundsea,andbeforenighttheicebrokeandfreedourship.We,however,laytountilthemorning,fearingto
stöta
encounterinthedarkthoselargeloosemasseswhichflyter
floataboutafterthebreakingupoftheice.Iprofitedofthistimetorestforafewhours.
Inthemorning,however,assoonasitwaslight,Iwentupon
däck
deckandfoundallthesailorsbusyononesideofthevessel,apparentlytalkingtosomeoneinthesea.Itwas,infact,asledge,likethatwehadseenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusinthenightonalarge
fragment
fragmentofice.Onlyonedogremainedalive;
buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingtoenterthevessel.
Hewasnot,astheother
resenären
travellerseemedtobe,asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,butaEuropean.WhenIappearedon
däck
deckthemastersaid,“Hereisourcaptain,andhewillnotallowyoutoförgås
perishontheopensea.”Onperceivingme,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughwithaforeign
accent
accent.“BeforeIcomeonboardyourvessel,”saidhe,“willyouhavethekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”
Youmayconceivemyastonishmentonhearingsuchaquestionaddressedtomefromamanonthe
randen
brinkofdestructionandtowhomIshouldhavesupposedthatmykärl
vesselwouldhavebeenaresurs
resourcewhichhewouldnothaveexchangedforthemostpreciousrikedom
wealththeearthcanafford.I
svarade
replied,however,thatwewereonaupptäcktsresa
voyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorra
northernpole.Uponhearingthisheappearedsatisfiedandconsentedtocomeonboard.
GoodGod!
Margaret,ifyouhadseenthemanwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurprisewouldhavebeenboundless.
Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedby
trötthet
fatigueandsuffering.Ineversawamaninsowretchedacondition.
Weattemptedtocarryhimintothecabin,butassoonashehadquittedthefreshairhe
svimmade
fainted.Weaccordinglybroughthimbacktothe
däck
deckandrestoredhimtoanimationbygnugga
rubbinghimwithbrandyandforcinghimtosvälja
swallowasmallquantity.Assoonasheshowedsignsoflifewe
svepte
wrappedhimupinblanketsandplacedhimnearthechimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecoveredandatealittlesoup,whichrestoredhim
underbart
wonderfully.Twodayspassedinthis
sätt
mannerbeforehewasabletospeak,andIoftenfearedthathissufferingshadberövat
deprivedhimofunderstanding.Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyown
hytt
cabinandattendedonhimasmuchasmydutywouldtillät
permit.Ineversawamoreinterestingcreature:
hiseyeshavegenerallyan
uttryck
expressionofwildness,andevengalenskap
madness,buttherearemomentswhen,ifanyoneperformsanactofvänlighet
kindnesstowardshimordoeshimanythemosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedup,asitwere,withastråle
beamofbenevolenceandsweetnessthatIneversawequalled.Butheisgenerally
melankolisk
melancholyanddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asifotålig
impatientoftheweightofwoesthatoppresseshim.WhenmyguestwasalittlerecoveredIhadgreattroubletokeepoffthemen,whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;