PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
högtidlig
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactually
räckt
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingandabsolutefilosofiska
philosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:perhapssomepopular
vidskepelse
superstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-andego-superstition,hasnotyet
upphört
ceaseddoingmischief):perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
bedrägeri
deceptiononthepartofgrammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofveryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filosofi
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andtålamod
patiencehavebeenspentthanonanyactualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshavefirstto
vandra
wanderabouttheearthasenorma
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
filosofi
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forexempel
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,themosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
uppfinning
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreath
fritt
freelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthismisstag
errorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
grundläggande
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;indeedonemightask,asa
läkare
physician:"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthat
finaste
finestproductofantiquity,Plato?HadthewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiastical
förtryck
oppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORKristendomen
CHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producerade
producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywheretidigare
previously;withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeelsthis
spänning
tensionasastateofnöd
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratisk
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermans
uppfann
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
uppfann
inventedprinting.)Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,noreven
tillräckligt
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,allthenöd
distressofspiritandallthespänning
tensionofitsbow!Andperhapsalsothe
pilen
arrow,theduty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapitel
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
fresta
temptustomanyahazardousföretag
enterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!Whatstrange,perplexing,
tvivelaktiga
questionablequestions!Itisalreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardly
börjat
commenced.Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadealong
stopp
haltatthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolut
absolutestandstillbeforeayetmoregrundläggande
fundamentalquestion.WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
osäkerhet
uncertainty?Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
misstag
error?ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
bedrägeri
deception?orthegenerousdeedoutof
själviskhet
selfishness?orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Such
genesis
genesisisimpossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,
nej
nay,worsethanafool;thingsofthehighestvaluemusthaveadifferent
ursprung
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.Butratherinthe
knä
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thissätt
modeofreasoningdisclosesthetypiska
typicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,thissätt
modeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogiska
logicalprocedure;throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheend
högtidligt
solemnlychristened"theTruth."The
grundläggande
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHETron
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.Itneveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemn
löfte
vow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Foritmaybedoubted,
först
firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;and
andra
secondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirsigill
seal,arenotperhapsmerelyytliga
superficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanuttryck
expressioncurrentamongpainters.In
trots
spiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherandmoregrundläggande
fundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,tosjälviskhet
selfishness,andcupidity.ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
just
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingi huvudsak
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
vänta
awaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.Andtospeakinallseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesinto
beaktande
considerationinthewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanyavgörande
decisivesense;thegreaterpartofthe
medvetna
consciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.Andbehindall
logik
logicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmoretydligt
plainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmorethantheosäkra
uncertain,thatillusionislessvärdefulla
valuablethan"truth"suchvaluations,introts
spiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlyytliga
superficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
invändning
objectiontoit:itishere,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmost
konstigt
strangely.Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
grunden
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatwithoutaerkännande
recognitionoflogicalfictions,withoutajämförelse
comparisonofrealitywiththerent
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,withoutaständig
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.TO
Erkänna
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthe
traditionella
traditionalideasofvalueinadangeroussätt
manner,andaphilosophywhichvågar
venturestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
upptäckten
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisealoudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinely
likgiltig
indifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingthe
samvete
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendorfiende
foe,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
lika
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morekorrekt
correctlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmallnöje
amusementinspyingoutthesubtila
subtletricksofoldmoralistsandetiska
ethicalpreachers.Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matematisk
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisfilosofi
philosophyinmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"toöversätta
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerror
terroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastablick
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithas
gradvis
graduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreatfilosofi
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreoverthatthe
moraliska
moral(orimmoral)purposeineveryfilosofi
philosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitala
vitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
filosof
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirstaskoneself:"What
moral
moralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"Följaktligen
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;butthatanother
impuls
impulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andfelaktig
mistakenknowledge!)asaninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
grundläggande
fundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtoavgöra
determininghowfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveallpracticedfilosofi
philosophyatonetimeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheyttersta
ultimateendofexistenceandthelegitima
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.Forevery
impuls
impulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseofreally
vetenskapliga
scientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;theretheremayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,
oberoende
independentclock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.The
faktiska
actual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,ora
kemist
chemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthe
tvärtom
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;andaboveall,his
moral
moralityfurnishesadecidedandavgörande
decisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
IknowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
äkta
genuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).Andthe
sistnämnda
latterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
sättet
manner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
raseri
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointinevery
filosofi
philosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
ädla
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagant
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorhänsyn
consideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfulandofruktsam
barrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Likgiltighet
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouliveinenlighet
accordancewithsuchindifference?Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,being
orättvis
unjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?Andgrantedthatyour
imperativ
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoAnnorlunda
DIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyoumakea
princip
principleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,andmustbe?Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethe
tvärtom
contrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishto
diktera
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;you
insisterar
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,evig
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
krona
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Butthisisanoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasevera
filosofi
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannical
impuls
impulseitself,themostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima
prima.10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandthe
uppenbara
apparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
skryta
boastofthesharpestears.Inrareand
isolerade
isolatedcases,itmayreallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambition
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasdeltagit
participatedtherein:thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersa
handfull
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
samvete
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
dygd
virtuemaydisplay.Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestill
ivriga
eagerforlife.InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
rankar
rankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestbesittning
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerbesittning
possession,somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthis
sätt
modeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterdayandtoday;thereisperhapssome
liten
slightadmixtureofsatietyandförakt
scorn,whichcannolongeruthärda
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvarierade
variedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;a
avsky
disgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinkt
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,and
konstnärlig
artisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
avleda
divertattentionfromtheactualinflytande
influencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.Kantwasfirstand
främst
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudofhaving
Upptäckt
DISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.Grantingthathe
lurade
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;the
utveckling
developmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophyberodde
dependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheivriga
eagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtoupptäcka
discoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
uppvisning
displayofGermanprofundityandverbalblomstrar
flourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
glädje
delightoverthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditshöjdpunkt
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Thencamethe
smekmånad
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
skilja
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Abovealla
fakultet
facultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristenedit,
intellektuell
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturligt
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryand
senila
senileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,oreventreatitwithmoralisk
moralindignation.Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,andthedream
försvann
vanished.Atimecamewhenpeople
gnuggade
rubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillgnuggade
rubthemtoday.Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleastmeanttosay.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
förklaring
explanation?Orisitnotrather
bara
merelyarepetitionofthequestion?Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nämligen
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
rike
realmofcomedy,anditishightimetoersätta
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"byanotherquestion,"Whyis
tro
beliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;thoughtheystillmight
naturligtvis
naturallybefalsejudgments!Or,more
tydligt
plainlyspoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehavenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefandocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorma
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasa
fröjd
delighttothenobleidlers,thedygdiga
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tofindanmotgift
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...