×

Select Store

Dowload from Google Play Dowload from the App Store

Scan with Camera

Dowload via QR Code
Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Swedish A1-B2

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Swedish A1-B2

Discover the advantages of this innovative translation method, designed to cater to your learning needs. You can select your preferred difficulty level, ensuring a well-balanced challenge that isn't too overwhelming. This technique sharpens your comprehension skills by encouraging you to derive meaning from context, minimizing the need for direct translations. While some words are purposefully obscured to promote contextual guessing, looking up unclear terms is always an option. With this method, language learning becomes both accessible and enjoyable, blending challenge with support. Explore translated classics and experience the excitement of learning through literature.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
misstänka
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarasthey
har
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
förstå
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
och
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
har
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Sanningen
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
vinna
winningawoman?
Certainlyshe
har
hasneverallowedherselftobe
vinna
won;
andatpresenteverykindofdogma
står
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,it
står
standsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatit
har
hasfallen,thatalldogma
ligger
liesontheground—naymore,thatitisatits
sista
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
allvarligt
seriously,therearegoodgroundsfor
hoppas
hopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
högtidlig
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithas
antagit
assumed,mayhavebeenonly
en
anoblepuerilismandtyronism;
och
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenit
kommer
willbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAT
har
hasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
och
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
har
havehithertoreared:
perhapssome
populär
popularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
och
andego-superstition,hasnotyet
upphört
ceaseddoingmischief):
perhapssome
leker
playuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
eller
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
mycket
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofi
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
bara
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
därefter
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstill
tidigare
earliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
förmodligen
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
och
andpatiencehavebeenspent
än
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
och
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
och
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
It
verkar
seemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupon
det
theheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,all
stora
greatthingshavefirstto
vandra
wanderabouttheearthas
enorma
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofi
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
detta
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
och
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
även om
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthat
det
theworst,themosttiresome,
och
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
ett
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Ren
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Men
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
när
whenEurope,ridofthis
mardröm
nightmare,canagaindrawbreath
fritt
freelyandatleastenjoy
en
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggle
mot
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedto
det
theveryinversionoftruth,
och
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
grundläggande
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpirit
och
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
dem
them;
indeedonemightask,asa
läkare
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
attackerade
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hade
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
honom
him?
WasSocratesafterall
en
acorrupterofyouths,and
förtjänade
deservedhishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
mot
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
och
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
mot
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kristendomen
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Det
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
en
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
hade
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
med
withsuchatenselystrained
båge
bowonecannowaimat
de
thefurthestgoals.
Asamatterof
faktum
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthis
spänning
tensionasastateofdistress,
och
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrand
stil
styletounbendthebow:
en gång
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
och
andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratisk
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
och
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
uppfann
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
men
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
uppfann
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoare
varken
neitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
ens
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
och
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
har
haveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
och
andallthetensionofits
båge
bow!
Andperhapsalsothe
pilen
arrow,theduty,and,who
vet
knows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapitel
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
Den
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
fresta
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,
den
thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophers
har
havehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestions
har
hasthisWilltoTruthnot
lagt
laidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,
tvivelaktiga
questionablequestions!
Itisalready
en
alongstory;
yetit
verkar
seemsasifitwere
knappt
hardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
förlorar
losepatience,andturnimpatiently
bort
away?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
ställa
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreally
som
thatputsquestionstous
här
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
oss
us?
Infactwemadealong
stopp
haltatthequestionastotheoriginof
denna
thisWill—untilatlastwe
kom
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
mer
morefundamentalquestion.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
detta
thisWill.
Grantedthatwe
vill
wantthetruth:
WHYNOT
Snarare
RATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Even
okunnighet
ignorance?
Theproblemofthe
värde
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbefore
det
theproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
här
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
verkar
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
och
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
kan
coulditbebelievedthatitatlast
verkar
seemstousasiftheproblem
hade
hadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethe
första
firsttodiscernit,get
en
asightofit,and
Riskera
RISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskin
höja
raisingit,perhapsthereis
inte
nogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Kan
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
For
exempel
example,truthoutoferror?
eller
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
bedrägeri
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutof
själviskhet
selfishness?
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
den
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Sådan
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
drömmer
dreamsofitisafool,nay,
värre
worsethanafool;
thingsof
de
thehighestvaluemusthaveadifferent
ursprung
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
denna
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,in
denna
thisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
ha
havetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
knä
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THERE
måste
mustbetheirsource,and
ingenstans
nowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
avslöjar
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
kan
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
logiska
logicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
något
somethingthatisintheend
högtidligt
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
grundläggande
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
Den
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
aldrig
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
tvivel
doubthereontheverythreshold(where
tvivel
doubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughthey
hade
hadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
finns
existatall;
andsecondly,whetherthe
populära
popularvaluationsandantithesesof
värde
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
sigill
seal,arenotperhapsmerely
ytliga
superficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,
förutom
besidesbeingprobablymadefromsome
hörn
corner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
låna
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
allt
allthevaluewhichmay
tillhöra
belongtothetrue,the
positiva
positive,andtheunselfish,it
kan
mightbepossiblethata
högre
higherandmorefundamentalvalueforlifegenerally
bör
shouldbeassignedtopretence,to
det
thewilltodelusion,to
själviskhet
selfishness,andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
möjligt
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
goda
goodandrespectedthings,consists
just
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
och
andcrochetedtotheseevil
och
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
i huvudsak
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Men
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuch
farliga
dangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigation
man
onemustawaittheadventof
en
aneworderofphilosophers,suchas
kommer
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
farliga
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
termen
term.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
ser
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Having
hållit
keptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
och
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
länge
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthe
större
greaterpartofconsciousthinking
måste
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
och
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
man
onehasheretolearnanew,as
man
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
och
and"innateness."
Aslittleas
det
theactofbirthcomesinto
beaktande
considerationinthewholeprocess
och
andprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
det
theinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
den
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingof
en
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
och
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Och
Andbehindalllogicandits
synes
seemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
eller
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,for
det
themaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
exempel
example,thatthecertainis
värt
worthmorethantheuncertain,thatillusionis
mindre
lessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
betydelse
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbe
bara
onlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryfor
det
themaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Antag
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
bara
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofan
åsikt
opinionisnotforus
någon
anyobjectiontoit:
itis
här
here,perhaps,thatournew
språk
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaran
åsikt
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
kanske
perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
grunden
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
mest
mostindispensabletous,thatwithouta
erkännande
recognitionoflogicalfictions,withouta
jämförelse
comparisonofrealitywiththe
rent
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
och
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
världen
worldbymeansofnumbers,man
kunna
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationof
falska
falseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TO
Erkänna
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthe
traditionella
traditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
sätt
manner,andaphilosophywhich
vågar
venturestodoso,hasthereby
ensam
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
och
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
och
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
upptäckten
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
ofta
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
och
andlosetheirway,inshort,
hur
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
tillräckligt
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyall
höjer
raisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
när
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheir
verkliga
realopinionshadbeendiscovered
och
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
en
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
och
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
själva verket
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
eller
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
önskan
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythem
med
withargumentssoughtoutafter
de
theevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonot
vill
wishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
också
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Mycket
VERYfarfromhavingthe
samvete
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
mycket
veryfarfromhavingthe
goda
goodtasteofthecouragewhich
går
goessofarasto
låta
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
varna
warnfriendorfoe,orincheerful
förtroende
confidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamla
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
med
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
leder
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
le
smile,wewhofindno
liten
smallamusementinspyingoutthe
subtila
subtletricksofoldmoralists
och
andethicalpreachers.
Or,still
mer
moreso,thehocus-pocusin
matematisk
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
har
has,asitwere,cladhis
filosofi
philosophyinmailandmask—in
själva verket
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
översätta
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerrorat
en gång
onceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshould
våga
daretocastaglanceonthatinvincible
jungfrun
maiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
och
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
en
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
har
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
varje
everygreatphilosophyuptillnow
har
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
och
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
och
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
att
thatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
varje
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sanna
truevitalgermoutofwhichtheentire
växten
planthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
förstå
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
en
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
alltid
alwayswell(andwise)to
först
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Följaktligen
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;
men
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,
har
hasonlymadeuseof
kunskap
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
ett
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
grundläggande
fundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewto
avgöra
determininghowfartheymayhave
här
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Eller
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
kommer
willfindthattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofi
philosophyatonetimeoranother,
och
andthateachoneofthem
kommer
wouldhavebeenonlytoo
glad
gladtolookuponitselfasthe
yttersta
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
legitima
legitimateLORDoverallthe
andra
otherimpulses.
Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
och
andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,in
det
thecaseofscholars,in
det
thecaseofreallyscientificmen,it
kan
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyou
vill
will;
theretheremayreallybe
sådan
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
liten
small,independentclock-work,which,when
väl
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTthe
resten
restofthescholarlyimpulses
tar
takinganymaterialparttherein.
The
faktiska
actual"interests"ofthescholar,
därför
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
kanske
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
är
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
lilla
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopeful
unga
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
en
amushroomspecialist,ora
kemist
chemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
bli
becomingthisorthat.
In
det
thephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereis
absolut
absolutelynothingimpersonal;
andabove
allt
all,hismoralityfurnishesa
bestämt
decidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatisto
säga
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
står
standtoeachother.
7.
Hur
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
känner
knowofnothingmorestinging
än
thanthejokeEpicurustook
det
thelibertyofmakingonPlato
och
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
ursprungliga
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,
det
thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
och
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
mycket
muchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
inget
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
namn
nameforanactor).
Andthe
sistnämnda
latterisreallythemalignantreproach
som
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedby
det
thegrandiosemanner,themiseenscene
stil
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnot
en
amaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
satt
satconcealedinhislittle
trädgård
gardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,
kanske
perhapsoutofrageand
ambitiös
ambitiousenvyofPlato,who
vet
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwho
det
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
en
apointineveryphilosophyatwhich
det
the"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearson
det
thescene;
or,toputitin
det
thewordsofanancient
mysterium
mystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Leva
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
en
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagant
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
eller
orconsideration,withoutpityor
rättvisa
justice,atoncefruitfuland
ofruktsam
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Likgiltighet
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
leva
liveinaccordancewithsuch
likgiltighet
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
bara
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
än
thanthisNature?
Isnot
leva
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
annorlunda
different?
Andgrantedthatyour
imperativ
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
betyder
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
kunna
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
göra
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
är
are,andmustbe?
In
verkligheten
reality,however,itisquiteotherwise
med
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
läsa
readwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,you
vill
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,you
extraordinära
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyour
stolthet
prideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
och
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
och
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insisterar
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingto
det
theStoa,"andwouldlike
allt
everythingtobemadeafteryour
egen
ownimage,asavast,
evig
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Med
Withallyourlovefor
sanningen
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
länge
long,sopersistently,andwith
sådan
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
säga
say,Stoically,thatyouare
inte
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
krona
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
ger
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Eftersom
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
över
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
också
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
över
over:
isnottheStoic
en
aPARTofNature?...
But
här
thisisanoldandeverlasting
berättelse
story:
whathappenedinoldtimes
med
withtheStoicsstillhappens
idag
today,assoonasever
en
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
alltid
alwayscreatestheworldinits
egen
ownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
denna
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
mest
mostspiritualWilltoPower,
den
thewillto"creationof
den
theworld,"thewillto
den
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
och
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
säga
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"the
verkliga
realandtheapparentworld"isdealt
med
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
och
andattention;
andhewho
hör
hearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
och
andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
skryta
boastofthesharpestears.
In
sällsynta
rareandisolatedcases,it
kan
mayreallyhavehappenedthat
sådan
suchaWilltoTruth—a
viss
certainextravagantandadventurouspluck,
en
ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—has
deltagit
participatedtherein:
thatwhichin
det
theendalwaysprefersa
handfull
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadof
vackra
beautifulpossibilities;
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
samvete
conscience,whoprefertoputtheir
sista
lasttrustinasurenothing,
snarare
ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
Men
ButthatisNihilism,andthesignof
en
adespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
sådan
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
tycks
seems,however,tobeotherwise
med
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
fortfarande
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
och
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
rankar
rankthecredibilityoftheir
egna
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearth
står
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,
tillåter
allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
besittning
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoes
man
oneatpresentbelievein
mer
morefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
vet
knowsiftheyarenot
verkligen
reallytryingtowinback
något
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
besittning
possession,somethingoftheolddomainofthe
tron
faithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"
kanske
perhaps"theoldGod,"in
kort
short,ideasbywhichthey
kunde
couldlivebetter,thatisto
säga
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
än
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
dessa
thesemodernideasinthis
sätt
modeoflookingatthings,
en
adisbeliefinallthat
har
hasbeenconstructedyesterdayand
idag
today;
thereisperhapssome
liten
slightadmixtureofsatietyand
förakt
scorn,whichcannolonger
uthärda
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
mest
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismat
närvarande
presentthrowsonthemarket;
en
adisgustofthemorerefined
smaken
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
och
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
något
nothingeithernewortrue,
förutom
exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
tycks
seemstomethatwe
borde
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
och
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinkt
instinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Moderna
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
oss
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
vill
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
vill
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
lite
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
och
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
tillbaka
back!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
överallt
everywhereanattemptatpresentto
avleda
divertattentionfromtheactual
inflytande
influencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
och
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
värde
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
först
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
med
withitinhishandhe
sa
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthing
som
thatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Låt
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudof
ha
havingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
en
apriori.
Grantingthathe
lurade
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;
the
utveckling
developmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophy
berodde
dependedneverthelessonhispride,
och
andontheeagerrivalryofthe
yngre
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
möjligt
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—But
låt
letusreflectforamoment—itis
hög
hightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
frågar
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
svar
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
fem
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
och
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
och
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
förlorar
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
svar
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelight
över
overthisnewfaculty,and
den
thejubilationreacheditsclimax
när
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthat
tiden
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblingin
den
the"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
kom
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
All
de
theyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
gick
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Och
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
oskyldiga
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
och
andsang,whenonecouldnotyet
skilja
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
allt
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intellektuell
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthe
mest
mostearnestlongingsofthe
naturligt
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
göra
donogreaterwrongtothewholeof
denna
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
och
andsenileconceptions),thanto
ta
takeitseriously,oreven
behandla
treatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
världen
worldgrewolder,andthedream
försvann
vanished.
Atimecamewhen
folk
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
fortfarande
stillrubthemtoday.
People
hade
hadbeendreaming,andfirst
och
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
ett
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
eller
oratleastmeantto
säga
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
förklaring
explanation?
Orisitnot
snarare
rathermerelyarepetitionof
det
thequestion?
Howdoesopiuminduce
sömn
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nämligen
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Men
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
rike
realmofcomedy,anditis
hög
hightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
en annan
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itis
hög
hightimethatweshould
förstår
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbe
tro
believedtobetrue,for
det
thesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughthey
fortfarande
stillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Eller
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
grovt
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
borde
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
har
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
inget
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,
den
thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
och
andocularevidencebelongingto
den
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Och
Andfinally,tocalltomind
det
theenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
hoppas
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—has
utövat
exercisedthroughoutthewholeof
Europa
Europe,thereisnodoubtthat
en
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
en
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,the
dygdiga
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
och
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,to
hitta
findanantidotetothe
fortfarande
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
förra
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...