Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Spanish B2 Learners

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Spanish B2 Learners

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterrible
seriedad
seriousness
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswho
sostienen
maintain
thatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslast
suspiro
gasp
.
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofía
philosophy
,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenonlya
noble
noble
puerilismandtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactually
bastado
sufficed
forthebasisofsuchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopular
superstición
superstition
ofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnotyet
dejado
ceased
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
engaño
deception
onthepartof
gramática
grammar
,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofveryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofía
philosophy
ofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswas
astrología
astrology
instillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonany
real
actual
sciencehitherto:
weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitectura
architecture
.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartof
humanidad
humanity
witheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshavefirstto
vagar
wander
abouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofía
philosophy
hasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—for
ejemplo
instance
,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybe
confesar
confessed
thattheworst,themost
agotador
tiresome
,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
invención
invention
ofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreath
libremente
freely
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthis
error
error
hasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthe
negación
denial
ofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician
:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiastical
opresión
oppression
ofmillenniumsofChristianity(FOR
Cristianismo
CHRISTIANITY
ISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produjo
produced
inEuropeamagnificent
tensión
tension
ofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywhere
anteriormente
previously
;
withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,the
Europeo
European
feelsthistensionasastateof
angustia
distress
,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansof
democrática
democratic
enlightenment—which,withtheaidof
libertad
liberty
ofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventaron
invented
gunpowder—allcredittothem!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaron
invented
printing.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,allthe
angustia
distress
ofspiritandallthe
tensión
tension
ofitsbow!
Andperhapsalsothe
flecha
arrow
,theduty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTER
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
tentará
tempt
ustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardly
comenzado
commenced
.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadealong
detuvimos
halt
atthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoan
absoluta
absolute
standstillbeforeayetmore
fundamental
fundamental
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
incertidumbre
uncertainty
?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobea
encuentro
rendezvous
ofquestionsandnotesof
interrogatorio
interrogation
.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
error
error
?
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
engaño
deception
?
orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness
?
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Such
génesis
genesis
isimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthis
agitación
turmoil
ofdelusionandcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
regazo
lap
ofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
revela
discloses
thetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
lógico
logical
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheend
solemnemente
solemnly
christened"theTruth."
The
fundamental
fundamental
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Creencia
BELIEF
INANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itnever
ocurrió
occurred
eventothewariestofthemtodoubthereonthevery
umbral
threshold
(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadea
solemne
solemn
vow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
sello
seal
,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
meramente
merely
provisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowan
expresión
expression
currentamongpainters.
Inspiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherandmore
fundamental
fundamental
valueforlifegenerallyshouldbe
asignara
assigned
topretence,tothewillto
ilusión
delusion
,toselfishness,andcupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
precisely
intheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
esencialmente
essentially
identicalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
esperar
await
theadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveothertastesandinclinations,the
revés
reverse
ofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Andtospeakinall
seriedad
seriousness
,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartof
consciente
conscious
thinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissoeveninthecaseof
filosófico
philosophical
thinking;
onehasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocessand
procedimiento
procedure
ofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"
Opone
OPPOSED
totheinstinctiveinany
decisivo
decisive
sense;
thegreaterpartofthe
consciente
conscious
thinkingofaphilosopheris
secretamente
secretly
influencedbyhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Andbehindall
lógica
logic
anditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmore
claramente
plainly
,physiologicaldemands,forthe
mantenimiento
maintenance
ofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmorethanthe
incierto
uncertain
,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
importancia
importance
forUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
mantenimiento
maintenance
ofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objeción
objection
toit:
itishere,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentally
inclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatwithouta
reconocimiento
recognition
oflogicalfictions,withouta
comparación
comparison
ofrealitywiththe
puramente
purely
IMAGINEDworldofthe
absoluto
absolute
andimmutable,withouta
constante
constant
counterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconocer
RECOGNISE
UNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
manera
manner
,andaphilosophywhich
atreve
ventures
todoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descubrimiento
discovery
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisealoudand
virtuoso
virtuous
outcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessiseven
insinuado
hinted
atintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinely
indiferente
indifferent
dialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudiced
proposición
proposition
,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
generalmente
generally
theirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
generalmente
generally
astutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendor
enemigo
foe
,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
igualmente
equally
stiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(more
correctamente
correctly
mislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmall
diversión
amusement
inspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematical
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
filosofía
philosophy
inmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traducir
translate
thetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
mirada
glance
onthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
traiciona
betray
!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreat
filosofía
philosophy
uptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,the
confesión
confession
ofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryand
inconsciente
unconscious
auto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral
(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofía
philosophy
hasconstitutedthetrue
vital
vital
germoutofwhichtheentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
filósofo
philosopher
havebeenarrivedat,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirstaskoneself:
"What
moralidad
morality
dothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
En consecuencia
Accordingly
,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherof
filosofía
philosophy
;
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asan
instrumento
instrument
.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewto
determinar
determining
howfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofía
philosophy
atonetimeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
último
ultimate
endofexistenceandthe
legítimo
legitimate
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
Forevery
impulso
impulse
isimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseofreallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
theretheremayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,
independiente
independent
clock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthe
erudito
scholar
,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,infact,almost
indiferente
indifferent
atwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulyoung
trabajador
worker
becomesagoodphilologist,amushroom
especialista
specialist
,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher
,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
moralidad
morality
furnishesadecidedand
decisivo
decisive
testimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
How
maliciosos
malicious
philosopherscanbe!
IknowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthe
libertad
liberty
ofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
genuino
genuine
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
Andthe
último
latter
isreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
molesto
annoyed
bythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrageandambitious
envidia
envy
ofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointinevery
filosofía
philosophy
atwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filósofo
philosopher
appearsonthescene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraud
ofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant
,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfuland
estéril
barren
anduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Indiferencia
INDIFFERENCE
asapower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewithsuch
indiferencia
indifference
?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,being
injusto
unjust
,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Andgrantedthatyour
imperativo
imperative
,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyoumakea
principio
principle
outofwhatyouyourselvesare,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
canon
canon
ofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
dictar
dictate
yourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insiste
insist
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asa
vasta
vast
,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coronar
crown
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Butthisisanoldand
eterna
everlasting
story:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasevera
filosofía
philosophy
beginstobelieveinitself.
Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofía
philosophy
isthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themost
espiritual
spiritual
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
jactarse
boast
ofthesharpestears.
Inrareandisolatedcases,itmayreallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagante
extravagant
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambición
ambition
oftheforlornhope—has
participado
participated
therein:
thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersa
puñado
handful
of"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninan
incierto
uncertain
something.
ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
virtud
virtue
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
apariencia
appearance
,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
credibilidad
credibility
oftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthe
credibilidad
credibility
oftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
posesión
possession
toescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwas
antes
formerly
anevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheold
dominio
domain
ofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeen
construido
constructed
yesterdayandtoday;
thereisperhapssome
ligera
slight
admixtureofsatietyand
desprecio
scorn
,whichcannolonger
soportar
endure
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinto
instinct
,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
desviar
divert
attentionfromtheactual
influencia
influence
whichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofía
philosophy
,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbe
emprender
undertaken
onbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudofhaving
Descubierto
DISCOVERED
anewfacultyinman,the
facultad
faculty
ofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Grantingthathe
engañó
deceived
himselfinthismatter;
the
desarrollo
development
andrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofía
philosophy
dependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationto
descubrir
discover
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
reflexionemos
reflect
foramoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
exhibición
display
ofGermanprofundityand
verbal
verbal
flourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
deleite
delight
overthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreachedits
clímax
climax
whenKantfurtherdiscovereda
moral
moral
facultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestill
moral
moral
,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
ThencamethehoneymoonofGerman
filosofía
philosophy
.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institución
institution
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstill
joven
youthful
periodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the
malicioso
malicious
fairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
distinguir
distinguish
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Abovealla
facultad
faculty
forthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectual
intuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthe
naturalmente
naturally
pious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantand
excéntrico
eccentric
movement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
disfrazaba
disguised
itselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,oreventreatitwith
moral
moral
indignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,andthedream
desapareció
vanished
.
Atimecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleastmeanttosay.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
explicación
explanation
?
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
a saber
namely
thevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realm
ofcomedy,anditishightimeto
reemplazar
replace
theKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyis
creencia
belief
insuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
preservación
preservation
ofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughtheystillmight
naturalmente
naturally
befalsejudgments!
Or,more
claramente
plainly
spoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehavenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
creencia
belief
intheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
creencia
belief
andocularevidencebelongingtothe
perspectiva
perspective
viewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormous
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofía
philosophy
,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tofindan
antídoto
antidote
tothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...