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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Spanish B2 Learners

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Spanish B2 Learners

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterrible
seriedad
seriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswho
sostienen
maintainthatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslast
suspiro
gasp.
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofía
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenonlya
noble
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactually
bastado
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopular
superstición
superstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnotyet
dejado
ceaseddoingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
engaño
deceptiononthepartof
gramática
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofveryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofía
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswas
astrología
astrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonany
real
actualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitectura
architecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartof
humanidad
humanitywitheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshavefirstto
vagar
wanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofía
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—for
ejemplo
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybe
confesar
confessedthattheworst,themost
agotador
tiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
invención
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreath
libremente
freelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthis
error
errorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthe
negación
denialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiastical
opresión
oppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FOR
Cristianismo
CHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produjo
producedinEuropeamagnificent
tensión
tensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywhere
anteriormente
previously;
withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,the
Europeo
Europeanfeelsthistensionasastateof
angustia
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansof
democrática
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
libertad
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventaron
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaron
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,allthe
angustia
distressofspiritandallthe
tensión
tensionofitsbow!
Andperhapsalsothe
flecha
arrow,theduty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
tentará
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardly
comenzado
commenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadealong
detuvimos
haltatthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoan
absoluta
absolutestandstillbeforeayetmore
fundamental
fundamentalquestion.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
incertidumbre
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobea
encuentro
rendezvousofquestionsandnotesof
interrogatorio
interrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
error
error?
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
engaño
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness?
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Such
génesis
genesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthis
agitación
turmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
regazo
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
revela
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
lógico
logicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheend
solemnemente
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
fundamental
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Creencia
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itnever
ocurrió
occurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereonthevery
umbral
threshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadea
solemne
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
sello
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
meramente
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowan
expresión
expressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherandmore
fundamental
fundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbe
asignara
assignedtopretence,tothewillto
ilusión
delusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
esencialmente
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
esperar
awaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveothertastesandinclinations,the
revés
reverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Andtospeakinall
seriedad
seriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartof
consciente
consciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissoeveninthecaseof
filosófico
philosophicalthinking;
onehasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocessand
procedimiento
procedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"
Opone
OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinany
decisivo
decisivesense;
thegreaterpartofthe
consciente
consciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
secretamente
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Andbehindall
lógica
logicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmore
claramente
plainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
mantenimiento
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmorethanthe
incierto
uncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
importancia
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
mantenimiento
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objeción
objectiontoit:
itishere,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatwithouta
reconocimiento
recognitionoflogicalfictions,withouta
comparación
comparisonofrealitywiththe
puramente
purelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
absoluto
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
constante
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconocer
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
manera
manner,andaphilosophywhich
atreve
venturestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descubrimiento
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisealoudand
virtuoso
virtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessiseven
insinuado
hintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinely
indiferente
indifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudiced
proposición
proposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
generalmente
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
generalmente
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendor
enemigo
foe,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
igualmente
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(more
correctamente
correctlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmall
diversión
amusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
filosofía
philosophyinmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traducir
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
mirada
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
traiciona
betray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreat
filosofía
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,the
confesión
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryand
inconsciente
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofía
philosophyhasconstitutedthetrue
vital
vitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
filósofo
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirstaskoneself:
"What
moralidad
moralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
En consecuencia
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherof
filosofía
philosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asan
instrumento
instrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewto
determinar
determininghowfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofía
philosophyatonetimeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
último
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
legítimo
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
Forevery
impulso
impulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseofreallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
theretheremayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,
independiente
independentclock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthe
erudito
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,infact,almost
indiferente
indifferentatwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulyoung
trabajador
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroom
especialista
specialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
moralidad
moralityfurnishesadecidedand
decisivo
decisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
How
maliciosos
maliciousphilosopherscanbe!
IknowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthe
libertad
libertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
genuino
genuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
Andthe
último
latterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
molesto
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrageandambitious
envidia
envyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointinevery
filosofía
philosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filósofo
philosopherappearsonthescene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfuland
estéril
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Indiferencia
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewithsuch
indiferencia
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,being
injusto
unjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Andgrantedthatyour
imperativo
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyoumakea
principio
principleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
canon
canonofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
dictar
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insiste
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asa
vasta
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coronar
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Butthisisanoldand
eterna
everlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasevera
filosofía
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofía
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themost
espiritual
spiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
jactarse
boastofthesharpestears.
Inrareandisolatedcases,itmayreallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagante
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambición
ambitionoftheforlornhope—has
participado
participatedtherein:
thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersa
puñado
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninan
incierto
uncertainsomething.
ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
virtud
virtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
apariencia
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
credibilidad
credibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthe
credibilidad
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
posesión
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwas
antes
formerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheold
dominio
domainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeen
construido
constructedyesterdayandtoday;
thereisperhapssome
ligera
slightadmixtureofsatietyand
desprecio
scorn,whichcannolonger
soportar
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinto
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
desviar
divertattentionfromtheactual
influencia
influencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofía
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbe
emprender
undertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudofhaving
Descubierto
DISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,the
facultad
facultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Grantingthathe
engañó
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;
the
desarrollo
developmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofía
philosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationto
descubrir
discoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
reflexionemos
reflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
exhibición
displayofGermanprofundityand
verbal
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
deleite
delightoverthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreachedits
clímax
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovereda
moral
moralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestill
moral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
ThencamethehoneymoonofGerman
filosofía
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institución
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstill
joven
youthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the
malicioso
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
distinguir
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Abovealla
facultad
facultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthe
naturalmente
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantand
excéntrico
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
disfrazaba
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,oreventreatitwith
moral
moralindignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,andthedream
desapareció
vanished.
Atimecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleastmeanttosay.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
explicación
explanation?
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
a saber
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realmofcomedy,anditishightimeto
reemplazar
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyis
creencia
beliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
preservación
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughtheystillmight
naturalmente
naturallybefalsejudgments!
Or,more
claramente
plainlyspoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehavenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
creencia
beliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
creencia
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtothe
perspectiva
perspectiveviewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofía
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tofindan
antídoto
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...