Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1-B2 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1-B2 Translation Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
una
a
woman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
sospechar
suspecting
thatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,have
fracasado
failed
tounderstandwomen—thatthe
terrible
terrible
seriousnessandclumsyimportunity
con
with
whichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
y
and
unseemlymethodsforwinning
una
a
woman?
Certainlyshehas
nunca
never
allowedherselftobewon;
y
and
atpresenteverykindofdogmastands
con
with
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
hecho
indeed
,itstandsatall!
For
hay
there
arescofferswhomaintainthatithas
caído
fallen
,thatalldogmalieson
el
the
ground—naymore,thatitisatits
último
last
gasp.
Buttospeak
en serio
seriously
,therearegoodgroundsfor
esperar
hoping
thatalldogmatizingin
filosofía
philosophy
,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
y
and
decidedairsithas
asumido
assumed
,mayhavebeenonly
un
a
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
y
and
probablythetimeisat
mano
hand
whenitwillbe
una vez
once
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
realmente
actually
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
y
and
absolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
tal vez
perhaps
somepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tiempo
time
(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,in
la
the
formofsubject-
andego-superstition,
ha
has
notyetceaseddoingmischief):
tal vez
perhaps
someplayuponwords,a
engaño
deception
onthepartof
gramática
grammar
,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
muy
very
restricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofía
philosophy
ofthedogmatists,itistobe
esperar
hoped
,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
después
afterwards
,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,inthe
servicio
service
ofwhichprobablymorelabour,
oro
gold
,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeen
gastado
spent
thanonanyactual
ciencia
science
hitherto:
weowetoit,
y
and
toits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
y
and
Egypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitectura
architecture
.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
corazón
heart
ofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
todas
all
greatthingshavefirstto
vagar
wander
abouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofía
philosophy
hasbeenacaricatureof
este
this
kind—forinstance,theVedanta
doctrina
doctrine
inAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
aunque
although
itmustcertainlybe
confesar
confessed
thattheworst,the
más
most
tiresome,andthemost
peligroso
dangerous
oferrorshithertohasbeen
un
a
dogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Puro
Pure
SpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Pero
But
nowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
cuando
when
Europe,ridofthis
pesadilla
nightmare
,canagaindrawbreath
libremente
freely
andatleastenjoy
un
a
healthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
toda
all
thestrengthwhichthe
lucha
struggle
againstthiserrorhas
fomentado
fostered
.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
y
and
thedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
fundamental
fundamental
condition—oflife,tospeakof
Espíritu
Spirit
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
ellos
them
;
indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician
:
"Howdidsuchamalady
atacó
attack
thatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Había
Had
thewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
lo
him
?
WasSocratesafterall
un
a
corrupterofyouths,and
merecía
deserved
hishemlock?"
Butthe
lucha
struggle
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
y
and
forthe"people"—thestruggle
contra
against
theecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Cristianismo
Christianity
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produjo
produced
inEuropeamagnificent
tensión
tension
ofsoul,suchas
había
had
notexistedanywherepreviously;
con
with
suchatenselystrained
arco
bow
onecannowaimat
las
the
furthestgoals.
Asamatterof
hecho
fact
,theEuropeanfeelsthis
tensión
tension
asastateof
angustia
distress
,andtwiceattemptshavebeen
hecho
made
ingrandstyletounbend
el
the
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
y
and
thesecondtimebymeansof
democrática
democratic
enlightenment—which,withtheaidof
libertad
liberty
ofthepressandnewspaper-reading,
podría
might
,infact,bringitaboutthatthe
espíritu
spirit
wouldnotsoeasily
encontrara
find
itselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventaron
invented
gunpowder—allcredittothem!
pero
but
theyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaron
invented
printing.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
siquiera
even
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
y
and
free,VERYfreespirits—we
tenemos
have
itstill,allthe
angustia
distress
ofspiritandall
la
the
tensionofitsbow!
Y
And
perhapsalsothearrow,the
deber
duty
,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTER
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Voluntad
Will
toTruth,whichisto
tentará
tempt
ustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
todos
all
philosophershavehithertospoken
con
with
respect,whatquestionshas
esta
this
WilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
nos
us
!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
una
a
longstory;
yetit
parece
seems
asifitwerehardly
comenzado
commenced
.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdamos
lose
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
esta
this
Sphinxteachesusat
fin
last
toaskquestionsourselves?
Quién
WHO
isitreallythatputsquestionstous
aquí
here
?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nosotros
us
?
Infactwemadea
tiempo
long
haltatthequestionasto
la
the
originofthisWill—untilat
fin
last
wecametoan
absoluta
absolute
standstillbeforeayet
más
more
fundamentalquestion.
Weinquiredabout
el
the
VALUEofthisWill.
Concedido
Granted
thatwewantthetruth:
Por qué
WHY
NOTRATHERuntruth?
And
incertidumbre
uncertainty
?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthe
valor
value
oftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problema
problem
?
Whichofusis
el
the
Oedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
It
ser
would
seemtobea
encuentro
rendezvous
ofquestionsandnotesof
interrogatorio
interrogation
.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitat
fin
last
seemstousas
si
if
theproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
antes
before
,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
y
and
RISKRAISINGit?
For
hay
there
isriskinraisingit,
tal vez
perhaps
thereisnogreater
riesgo
risk
.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofits
opuesto
opposite
?
Forexample,truthoutof
error
error
?
ortheWilltoTruth
fuera
out
ofthewillto
engaño
deception
?
orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness
?
orthepuresun-bright
visión
vision
ofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Tal
Such
genesisisimpossible;
whoever
sueña
dreams
ofitisafool,nay,
peor
worse
thanafool;
thingsof
las
the
highestvaluemusthavea
diferente
different
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
mundo
world
,inthisturmoilof
ilusión
delusion
andcupidity,theycannot
tener
have
theirsource.
Butratherinthe
regazo
lap
ofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dios
God
,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
fuente
source
,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
revela
discloses
thetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
pueden
can
berecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
lógico
logical
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
something
thatisinthe
final
end
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
fundamental
fundamental
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Creencia
BELIEF
INANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nunca
never
occurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
aquí
here
ontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
más
most
necessary);
thoughtheyhad
hecho
made
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
puede
may
bedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
existen
exist
atall;
andsecondly,
si
whether
thepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
valor
value
uponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
sello
seal
,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
meramente
merely
provisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablemente
probably
madefromsomecorner,
tal vez
perhaps
frombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
una
an
expressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
todo
all
thevaluewhichmay
pertenecer
belong
tothetrue,the
positivo
positive
,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
posible
possible
thatahigherand
más
more
fundamentalvalueforlife
en general
generally
shouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
voluntad
will
todelusion,toselfishness,
y
and
cupidity.
Itmightevenbe
posible
possible
thatWHATconstitutesthe
valor
value
ofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
precisely
intheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
y
and
crochetedtotheseevil
y
and
apparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
esencialmente
essentially
identicalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Pero
But
whowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
esa
that
investigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nuevo
new
orderofphilosophers,suchaswillhave
otros
other
tastesandinclinations,the
revés
reverse
ofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
peligroso
dangerous
"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
término
term
.
Andtospeakin
toda
all
seriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
aparecer
appear
.
3.
Havingkepta
agudo
sharp
eyeonphilosophers,and
habiendo
having
readbetweentheirlines
tiempo
long
enough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
parte
part
ofconsciousthinkingmustbe
contado
counted
amongtheinstinctivefunctions,
y
and
itissoeveninthe
caso
case
ofphilosophicalthinking;
one
tiene
has
heretolearnanew,as
uno
one
learnedanewaboutheredity
y
and
"innateness."
Aslittleasthe
acto
act
ofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
todo
whole
processandprocedureofheredity,justas
poco
little
is"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
ningún
any
decisivesense;
thegreater
parte
part
oftheconsciousthinkingof
un
a
philosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
y
and
forcedintodefinitechannels.
Y
And
behindalllogicanditsseeming
soberanía
sovereignty
ofmovement,therearevaluations,
o
or
tospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
mantenimiento
maintenance
ofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
ejemplo
example
,thatthecertainis
vale
worth
morethantheuncertain,that
ilusión
illusion
islessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
importancia
importance
forUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
mantenimiento
maintenance
ofbeingssuchasourselves.
Suponiendo
Supposing
,ineffect,thatmanisnot
sólo
just
the"measureofthings."
4.
La
The
falsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objeción
objection
toit:
itis
aquí
here
,perhaps,thatournew
lenguaje
language
soundsmoststrangely.
The
cuestión
question
is,howfaran
opinión
opinion
islife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
tal vez
perhaps
species-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentally
inclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
pertenecen
belong)
,arethemostindispensabletous,that
sin
without
arecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sin
without
acomparisonofreality
con
with
thepurelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
absoluto
absolute
andimmutable,withouta
constante
constant
counterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,
hombre
man
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
vida
life
,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconocer
RECOGNISE
UNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Vida
LIFE
;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
valor
value
inadangerousmanner,
y
and
aphilosophywhichventurestodoso,
ha
has
therebyaloneplaceditself
más allá
beyond
goodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
y
and
half-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descubrimiento
discovery
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
y
and
easilytheymakemistakes
y
and
losetheirway,inshort,howchildish
y
and
childliketheyare,—butthat
hay
there
isnotenoughhonestdealing
con
with
them,whereastheyall
levantan
raise
aloudandvirtuousoutcry
cuando
when
theproblemoftruthfulnessis
siquiera
even
hintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
hubieran
had
beendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
una
a
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
contraste
contrast
toallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
y
and
foolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
hecho
fact
,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
o
or
"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
deseo
desire
abstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythem
con
with
argumentssoughtoutafterthe
evento
event
.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonot
desean
wish
toberegardedassuch,
generalmente
generally
astutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Muy
VERY
farfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravely
admite
admits
thistoitself,very
lejos
far
fromhavingthegood
sabor
taste
ofthecouragewhich
va
goes
sofarasto
dejar
let
thisbeunderstood,perhapsto
advertir
warn
friendorfoe,orincheerful
confianza
confidence
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
viejo
old
Kant,equallystiffand
decente
decent
,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
conducen
lead
(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
sonreír
smile
,wewhofindnosmall
diversión
amusement
inspyingoutthesubtletricksof
viejo
old
moralistsandethicalpreachers.
O
Or
,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematical
form,bymeansof
cual
which
Spinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
filosofía
philosophy
inmailandmask—in
hecho
fact
,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traducir
translate
thetermfairlyandsquarely—in
fin
order
therebytostriketerrorat
inmediato
once
intotheheartof
el
the
assailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
mirada
glance
onthatinvinciblemaiden,
esa
that
PallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
y
and
vulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
traiciona
betray
!
6.
Ithasgradually
vuelto
become
cleartomewhatevery
gran
great
philosophyuptillnow
ha
has
consistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
y
and
aspeciesofinvoluntary
y
and
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral
(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofía
philosophy
hasconstitutedthetrue
vital
vital
germoutofwhichthe
toda
entire
planthasalwaysgrown.
Hecho
Indeed
,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
un
a
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
siempre
always
well(andwise)to
primero
first
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
apuntan
aim
at?"
Accordingly,Idonot
creo
believe
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
padre
father
ofphilosophy;
butthat
otro
another
impulse,hereaselsewhere,
ha
has
onlymadeuseof
conocimiento
knowledge
(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
un
an
instrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
hombre
man
withaviewto
determinar
determining
howfartheymay
haber
have
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
y
and
cobolds),willfindthatthey
haber
have
allpracticedphilosophyatone
momento
time
oranother,andthateachoneofthemwould
haber
have
beenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
último
ultimate
endofexistenceandthe
legítimo
legitimate
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
cada
every
impulseisimperious,andas
Tal
SUCH
,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
seguro
sure
,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
caso
case
ofreallyscientificmen,it
puede
may
beotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
puede
may
reallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
especie
kind
ofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
cuando
when
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslyto
ese
that
end,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tomen
taking
anymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthe
erudito
scholar
,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
otra
another
direction—inthefamily,perhaps,
o
or
inmoney-making,orin
política
politics
;
itis,infact,
casi
almost
indifferentatwhatpointof
investigación
research
hislittlemachineis
coloca
placed
,andwhetherthehopeful
joven
young
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,
un
a
mushroomspecialist,ora
químico
chemist
;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
esto
this
orthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher
,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
nada
nothing
impersonal;
andaboveall,his
moralidad
morality
furnishesadecidedand
decisivo
decisive
testimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatisto
decir
say
,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
naturaleza
nature
standtoeachother.
7.
How
maliciosos
malicious
philosopherscanbe!
I
conozco
know
ofnothingmorestingingthanthe
broma
joke
Epicurustookthelibertyof
hacer
making
onPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
llamaba
called
themDionysiokolakes.
Inits
original
original
sense,andonthefaceofit,
la
the
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
y
and
lick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
decir
say
,"TheyareallACTORS,
hay
there
isnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
popular
popular
nameforanactor).
Y
And
thelatterisreally
el
the
malignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
molesto
annoyed
bythegrandiosemanner,themiseen
escena
scene
styleofwhichPlato
y
and
hisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnot
un
a
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
quién
who
satconcealedinhis
pequeño
little
gardenatAthens,and
escribió
wrote
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
y
and
ambitiousenvyofPlato,
quién
who
knows!
Greecetooka
cien
hundred
yearstofindout
quién
who
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Hay
There
isapointin
cada
every
philosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filósofo
philosopher
appearsonthescene;
o
or
,toputitinthewordsof
un
an
ancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
deseas
desire
toLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraud
ofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
a
beinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant
,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,
sin
without
pityorjustice,atoncefruitful
y
and
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Indiferencia
INDIFFERENCE
asapower—howCOULDyou
vivir
live
inaccordancewithsuch
indiferencia
indifference
?
Tolive—isnotthat
sólo
just
endeavouringtobeotherwise
de
than
thisNature?
Isnot
vivir
living
valuing,preferring,beingunjust,being
limitado
limited
,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Y
And
grantedthatyourimperative,"living
acuerdo
according
toNature,"meansactually
la
the
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
podrías
could
youdoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
hacer
make
aprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
y
and
mustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
con
with
you:
whileyoupretendto
leer
read
withrapturethecanonofyour
ley
law
inNature,youwant
algo
something
quitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
y
and
self-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
deseas
wish
todictateyourmorals
y
and
idealstoNature,to
Naturaleza
Nature
herself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insiste
insist
thatitshallbe
Naturaleza
Nature
"accordingtotheStoa,"
y
and
wouldlikeeverythingtobe
hecho
made
afteryourownimage,as
una
a
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Con
With
allyourlovefortruth,you
habéis
have
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
y
and
withsuchhypnoticrigidityto
ver
see
NatureFALSELY,thatisto
decir
say
,Stoically,thatyouare
no
no
longerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coronar
crown
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
da
gives
youtheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
también
also
allowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
una
a
PARTofNature?...
But
esta
this
isanoldand
eterna
everlasting
story:
whathappenedinoldtimes
con
with
theStoicsstillhappens
hoy
today
,assoonasever
una
a
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
siempre
always
createstheworldinitsown
imagen
image
;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofía
philosophy
isthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
la
the
mostspiritualWillto
Poder
Power
,thewillto"creationof
la
the
world,"thewillto
la
the
causaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
y
and
subtlety,Ishouldeven
diría
say
craftiness,withwhichthe
problema
problem
of"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
con
with
atpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
y
and
attention;
andhewho
oye
hears
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthe
fondo
background
,andnothingelse,cannot
ciertamente
certainly
boastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
y
and
isolatedcases,itmayreally
haber
have
happenedthatsucha
Voluntad
Will
toTruth—acertainextravagant
y
and
adventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambición
ambition
oftheforlornhope—has
participado
participated
therein:
thatwhichin
la
the
endalwaysprefersa
puñado
handful
of"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
puede
may
evenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,who
prefieren
prefer
toputtheirlast
confianza
trust
inasurenothing,ratherthaninan
incierto
uncertain
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
y
and
thesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
alma
soul
,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
tal
such
avirtuemaydisplay.
It
parece
seems
,however,tobeotherwise
con
with
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
todavía
still
eagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
apariencia
appearance
,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
credibilidad
credibility
oftheirownbodiesaboutas
bajo
low
asthecredibilityoftheocular
evidencia
evidence
that"theearthstandsstill,"
y
and
thus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
posesión
possession
toescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
cree
believe
inmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sabe
knows
iftheyarenot
realmente
really
tryingtowinback
algo
something
whichwasformerlyanevensecurer
posesión
possession
,somethingoftheold
dominio
domain
ofthefaithofformertimes,
tal vez
perhaps
the"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
podrían
could
livebetter,thatisto
decir
say
,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Hay
There
isDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
este
this
modeoflookingatthings,
una
a
disbeliefinallthathasbeen
construido
constructed
yesterdayandtoday;
thereis
tal vez
perhaps
someslightadmixtureofsatiety
y
and
scorn,whichcannolonger
soportar
endure
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
más
most
variedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
lanza
throws
onthemarket;
adisgustofthe
más
more
refinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
y
and
patchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
hay
there
isnothingeithernewor
verdadero
true
,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
parece
seems
tomethatwe
deberíamos
should
agreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
y
and
knowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
día
day
;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us
!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
ir
go
"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
A
littleMOREstrength,swing,
coraje
courage
,andartisticpower,andthey
fuera
would
beOFF—andnotback!
11.
It
parece
seems
tomethatthereis
por todas partes
everywhere
anattemptatpresentto
desviar
divert
attentionfromtheactual
influencia
influence
whichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofía
philosophy
,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
valor
value
whichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstandforemost
orgulloso
proud
ofhisTableofCategories;
con
with
itinhishandhe
dijo
said
:
"Thisisthemost
difícil
difficult
thingthatcouldeverbe
emprender
undertaken
onbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sólo
only
understandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
orgulloso
proud
ofhavingDISCOVEREDanew
facultad
faculty
inman,thefacultyofsynthetic
juicio
judgment
apriori.
Grantingthathe
engañó
deceived
himselfinthismatter;
the
desarrollo
development
andrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofía
philosophy
dependedneverthelessonhis
orgullo
pride
,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
joven
younger
generationtodiscoverif
posible
possible
something—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
reflexionemos
reflect
foramoment—itishigh
momento
time
todoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pregunta
asks
himself—andwhatisreallyhis
respuesta
answer
?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
desafortunadamente
unfortunately
notinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
y
and
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
y
and
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
pierde
loses
sightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
respuesta
answer
.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
deleite
delight
overthisnewfaculty,
y
and
thejubilationreachedits
clímax
climax
whenKantfurtherdiscovered
una
a
moralfacultyinman—forat
ese
that
timeGermanswerestill
moral
moral
,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
llegó
came
thehoneymoonofGerman
filosofía
philosophy
.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institución
institution
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—all
busca
seeking
for"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
ese
that
innocent,rich,andstill
joven
youthful
periodoftheGerman
espíritu
spirit
,towhichRomanticism,the
malicioso
malicious
fairy,pipedandsang,
cuando
when
onecouldnotyet
distinguir
distinguish
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Sobre
Above
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectual
intuition,andtherebygratifiedthe
más
most
earnestlongingsofthe
naturalmente
naturally
pious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
hacer
do
nogreaterwrongtothe
todo
whole
ofthisexuberantand
excéntrico
eccentric
movement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
disfrazaba
disguised
itselfsoboldly,inhoary
y
and
senileconceptions),thantotakeit
en serio
seriously
,oreventreatit
con
with
moralindignation.
Enough,however—the
mundo
world
grewolder,andthe
sueño
dream
vanished.
Atimecamewhen
gente
people
rubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
todavía
still
rubthemtoday.
People
había
had
beendreaming,andfirst
y
and
foremost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
un
a
means(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
o
or
atleastmeantto
decir
say
.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Una
An
explanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
una
a
repetitionofthequestion?
Cómo
How
doesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
un
a
means(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
responde
replies
thedoctorinMoliere,.
Pero
But
suchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realm
ofcomedy,anditishightimeto
reemplazar
replace
theKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
otra
another
question,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—in
efecto
effect
,itishightimethatwe
deben
should
understandthatsuchjudgments
deben
must
bebelievedtobetrue,forthe
bien
sake
ofthepreservationofcreatures
como
like
ourselves;
thoughtheystill
podrían
might
naturallybefalsejudgments!
O
Or
,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
y
and
readily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
deberían
should
not"bepossible"atall;
we
tenemos
have
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sólo
Only
,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
creencia
belief
andocularevidencebelongingto
la
the
perspectiveviewoflife.
Y
And
finally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormous
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
entiendan
understand
itsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—has
ejercido
exercised
throughoutthewholeofEurope,
hay
there
isnodoubtthat
un
a
certainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
un
a
shareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofía
philosophy
,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
y
and
thepoliticalobscurantistsof
todas
all
nations,tofindan
antídoto
antidote
tothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelast
siglo
century
intothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...