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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1-B2 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1-B2 Translation Books

Embrace the benefits of this cutting-edge translation method, offering a tailored learning experience by letting you select the difficulty level that fits you best. It improves your comprehension by urging you to deduce meanings from context, reducing the need for constant translation. While some translations are intentionally masked to encourage guessing, it's always acceptable to check unfamiliar words. This method strikes the perfect balance between challenge and accessibility, making language learning both effective and enjoyable. Immerse yourself in these translated classics and uncover the pleasure of learning through literary exploration.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
una
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
sospechar
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,have
fracasado
failedtounderstandwomen—thatthe
terrible
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunity
con
withwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
y
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
una
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
nunca
neverallowedherselftobewon;
y
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
con
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
hecho
indeed,itstandsatall!
For
hay
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
caído
fallen,thatalldogmalieson
el
theground—naymore,thatitisatits
último
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
en serio
seriously,therearegoodgroundsfor
esperar
hopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofía
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
y
anddecidedairsithas
asumido
assumed,mayhavebeenonly
un
anoblepuerilismandtyronism;
y
andprobablythetimeisat
mano
handwhenitwillbe
una vez
onceandagainunderstoodWHAThas
realmente
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
y
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
tal vez
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tiempo
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,in
la
theformofsubject-
andego-superstition,
ha
hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
tal vez
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
engaño
deceptiononthepartof
gramática
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
muy
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofía
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
esperar
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
después
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,inthe
servicio
serviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,
oro
gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeen
gastado
spentthanonanyactual
ciencia
sciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
y
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
y
andEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitectura
architecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
corazón
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
todas
allgreatthingshavefirstto
vagar
wanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofía
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
este
thiskind—forinstance,theVedanta
doctrina
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
aunque
althoughitmustcertainlybe
confesar
confessedthattheworst,the
más
mosttiresome,andthemost
peligroso
dangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
un
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Puro
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Pero
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
cuando
whenEurope,ridofthis
pesadilla
nightmare,canagaindrawbreath
libremente
freelyandatleastenjoy
un
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
toda
allthestrengthwhichthe
lucha
struggleagainstthiserrorhas
fomentado
fostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
y
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
fundamental
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakof
Espíritu
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeof
ellos
them;
indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
atacó
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Había
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
lo
him?
WasSocratesafterall
un
acorrupterofyouths,and
merecía
deservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
lucha
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
y
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contra
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Cristianismo
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produjo
producedinEuropeamagnificent
tensión
tensionofsoul,suchas
había
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
con
withsuchatenselystrained
arco
bowonecannowaimat
las
thefurthestgoals.
Asamatterof
hecho
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthis
tensión
tensionasastateof
angustia
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeen
hecho
madeingrandstyletounbend
el
thebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
y
andthesecondtimebymeansof
democrática
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
libertad
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,
podría
might,infact,bringitaboutthatthe
espíritu
spiritwouldnotsoeasily
encontrara
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventaron
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
pero
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaron
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
siquiera
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
y
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
tenemos
haveitstill,allthe
angustia
distressofspiritandall
la
thetensionofitsbow!
Y
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
deber
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Voluntad
WilltoTruth,whichisto
tentará
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
todos
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
con
withrespect,whatquestionshas
esta
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
nos
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
una
alongstory;
yetit
parece
seemsasifitwerehardly
comenzado
commenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdamos
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
esta
thisSphinxteachesusat
fin
lasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Quién
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
aquí
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nosotros
us?
Infactwemadea
tiempo
longhaltatthequestionasto
la
theoriginofthisWill—untilat
fin
lastwecametoan
absoluta
absolutestandstillbeforeayet
más
morefundamentalquestion.
Weinquiredabout
el
theVALUEofthisWill.
Concedido
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
Por qué
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
incertidumbre
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthe
valor
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problema
problem?
Whichofusis
el
theOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
It
ser
wouldseemtobea
encuentro
rendezvousofquestionsandnotesof
interrogatorio
interrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitat
fin
lastseemstousas
si
iftheproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
antes
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
y
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
hay
thereisriskinraisingit,
tal vez
perhapsthereisnogreater
riesgo
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofits
opuesto
opposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
error
error?
ortheWilltoTruth
fuera
outofthewillto
engaño
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness?
orthepuresun-bright
visión
visionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Tal
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
sueña
dreamsofitisafool,nay,
peor
worsethanafool;
thingsof
las
thehighestvaluemusthavea
diferente
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
mundo
world,inthisturmoilof
ilusión
delusionandcupidity,theycannot
tener
havetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
regazo
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dios
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
fuente
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
revela
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
pueden
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
lógico
logicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
somethingthatisinthe
final
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
fundamental
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Creencia
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nunca
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
aquí
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
más
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhad
hecho
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
puede
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
existen
existatall;
andsecondly,
si
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
valor
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
sello
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
meramente
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablemente
probablymadefromsomecorner,
tal vez
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
una
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
todo
allthevaluewhichmay
pertenecer
belongtothetrue,the
positivo
positive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
posible
possiblethatahigherand
más
morefundamentalvalueforlife
en general
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
voluntad
willtodelusion,toselfishness,
y
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
posible
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
valor
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
y
andcrochetedtotheseevil
y
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
esencialmente
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Pero
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
esa
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nuevo
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhave
otros
othertastesandinclinations,the
revés
reverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
peligroso
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
término
term.
Andtospeakin
toda
allseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
aparecer
appear.
3.
Havingkepta
agudo
sharpeyeonphilosophers,and
habiendo
havingreadbetweentheirlines
tiempo
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
parte
partofconsciousthinkingmustbe
contado
countedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
y
anditissoeveninthe
caso
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
one
tiene
hasheretolearnanew,as
uno
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
y
and"innateness."
Aslittleasthe
acto
actofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
todo
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
poco
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
ningún
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
parte
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
un
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
y
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Y
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming
soberanía
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
o
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
mantenimiento
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
ejemplo
example,thatthecertainis
vale
worthmorethantheuncertain,that
ilusión
illusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
importancia
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
mantenimiento
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Suponiendo
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
sólo
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
La
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objeción
objectiontoit:
itis
aquí
here,perhaps,thatournew
lenguaje
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
cuestión
questionis,howfaran
opinión
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
tal vez
perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
pertenecen
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,that
sin
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sin
withoutacomparisonofreality
con
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
absoluto
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
constante
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,
hombre
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
vida
life,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconocer
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Vida
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
valor
valueinadangerousmanner,
y
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,
ha
hastherebyaloneplaceditself
más allá
beyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
y
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descubrimiento
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
y
andeasilytheymakemistakes
y
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
y
andchildliketheyare,—butthat
hay
thereisnotenoughhonestdealing
con
withthem,whereastheyall
levantan
raisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
cuando
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
siquiera
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
hubieran
hadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
una
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
contraste
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
y
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
hecho
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
o
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
deseo
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythem
con
withargumentssoughtoutafterthe
evento
event.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonot
desean
wishtoberegardedassuch,
generalmente
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Muy
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravely
admite
admitsthistoitself,very
lejos
farfromhavingthegood
sabor
tasteofthecouragewhich
va
goessofarasto
dejar
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
advertir
warnfriendorfoe,orincheerful
confianza
confidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
viejo
oldKant,equallystiffand
decente
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
conducen
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
sonreír
smile,wewhofindnosmall
diversión
amusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
viejo
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
O
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematicalform,bymeansof
cual
whichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
filosofía
philosophyinmailandmask—in
hecho
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traducir
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—in
fin
ordertherebytostriketerrorat
inmediato
onceintotheheartof
el
theassailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
mirada
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,
esa
thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
y
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
traiciona
betray!
6.
Ithasgradually
vuelto
becomecleartomewhatevery
gran
greatphilosophyuptillnow
ha
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
y
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
y
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofía
philosophyhasconstitutedthetrue
vital
vitalgermoutofwhichthe
toda
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Hecho
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
un
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
siempre
alwayswell(andwise)to
primero
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
apuntan
aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
creo
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
padre
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
otro
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,
ha
hasonlymadeuseof
conocimiento
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
un
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
hombre
manwithaviewto
determinar
determininghowfartheymay
haber
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
y
andcobolds),willfindthatthey
haber
haveallpracticedphilosophyatone
momento
timeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwould
haber
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
último
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
legítimo
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
cada
everyimpulseisimperious,andas
Tal
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
seguro
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
caso
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
puede
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
puede
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
especie
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
cuando
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslyto
ese
thatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tomen
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthe
erudito
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
otra
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
o
orinmoney-making,orin
política
politics;
itis,infact,
casi
almostindifferentatwhatpointof
investigación
researchhislittlemachineis
coloca
placed,andwhetherthehopeful
joven
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
un
amushroomspecialist,ora
químico
chemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
esto
thisorthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
nada
nothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
moralidad
moralityfurnishesadecidedand
decisivo
decisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatisto
decir
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
naturaleza
naturestandtoeachother.
7.
How
maliciosos
maliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
conozco
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthe
broma
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
hacer
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
llamaba
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
original
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,
la
thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
y
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
decir
say,"TheyareallACTORS,
hay
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
popular
popularnameforanactor).
Y
Andthelatterisreally
el
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
molesto
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseen
escena
scenestyleofwhichPlato
y
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnot
un
amaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
quién
whosatconcealedinhis
pequeño
littlegardenatAthens,and
escribió
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
y
andambitiousenvyofPlato,
quién
whoknows!
Greecetooka
cien
hundredyearstofindout
quién
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Hay
Thereisapointin
cada
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filósofo
philosopherappearsonthescene;
o
or,toputitinthewordsof
un
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
deseas
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,
sin
withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
y
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Indiferencia
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
vivir
liveinaccordancewithsuch
indiferencia
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
sólo
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
de
thanthisNature?
Isnot
vivir
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,being
limitado
limited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Y
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
acuerdo
accordingtoNature,"meansactually
la
thesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
podrías
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
hacer
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
y
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
con
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
leer
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
ley
lawinNature,youwant
algo
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
y
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
deseas
wishtodictateyourmorals
y
andidealstoNature,to
Naturaleza
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insiste
insistthatitshallbe
Naturaleza
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
y
andwouldlikeeverythingtobe
hecho
madeafteryourownimage,as
una
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Con
Withallyourlovefortruth,you
habéis
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
y
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
ver
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
decir
say,Stoically,thatyouare
no
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coronar
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
da
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
también
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
una
aPARTofNature?...
But
esta
thisisanoldand
eterna
everlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
con
withtheStoicsstillhappens
hoy
today,assoonasever
una
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
siempre
alwayscreatestheworldinitsown
imagen
image;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofía
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
la
themostspiritualWillto
Poder
Power,thewillto"creationof
la
theworld,"thewillto
la
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
y
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
diría
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problema
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
con
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
y
andattention;
andhewho
oye
hearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthe
fondo
background,andnothingelse,cannot
ciertamente
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
y
andisolatedcases,itmayreally
haber
havehappenedthatsucha
Voluntad
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
y
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambición
ambitionoftheforlornhope—has
participado
participatedtherein:
thatwhichin
la
theendalwaysprefersa
puñado
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
puede
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,who
prefieren
prefertoputtheirlast
confianza
trustinasurenothing,ratherthaninan
incierto
uncertainsomething.
ButthatisNihilism,
y
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
alma
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
tal
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
parece
seems,however,tobeotherwise
con
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
todavía
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
apariencia
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
credibilidad
credibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutas
bajo
lowasthecredibilityoftheocular
evidencia
evidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
y
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
posesión
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
cree
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sabe
knowsiftheyarenot
realmente
reallytryingtowinback
algo
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
posesión
possession,somethingoftheold
dominio
domainofthefaithofformertimes,
tal vez
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
podrían
couldlivebetter,thatisto
decir
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Hay
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
este
thismodeoflookingatthings,
una
adisbeliefinallthathasbeen
construido
constructedyesterdayandtoday;
thereis
tal vez
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
y
andscorn,whichcannolonger
soportar
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
más
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
lanza
throwsonthemarket;
adisgustofthe
más
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
y
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
hay
thereisnothingeithernewor
verdadero
true,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
parece
seemstomethatwe
deberíamos
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
y
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
día
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
ir
go"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
coraje
courage,andartisticpower,andthey
fuera
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
It
parece
seemstomethatthereis
por todas partes
everywhereanattemptatpresentto
desviar
divertattentionfromtheactual
influencia
influencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofía
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
valor
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstandforemost
orgulloso
proudofhisTableofCategories;
con
withitinhishandhe
dijo
said:
"Thisisthemost
difícil
difficultthingthatcouldeverbe
emprender
undertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sólo
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
orgulloso
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanew
facultad
facultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
juicio
judgmentapriori.
Grantingthathe
engañó
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;
the
desarrollo
developmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofía
philosophydependedneverthelessonhis
orgullo
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
joven
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
posible
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
reflexionemos
reflectforamoment—itishigh
momento
timetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pregunta
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
respuesta
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
desafortunadamente
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
y
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
y
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
pierde
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
respuesta
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
deleite
delightoverthisnewfaculty,
y
andthejubilationreachedits
clímax
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
una
amoralfacultyinman—forat
ese
thattimeGermanswerestill
moral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
llegó
camethehoneymoonofGerman
filosofía
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institución
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—all
busca
seekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
ese
thatinnocent,rich,andstill
joven
youthfulperiodoftheGerman
espíritu
spirit,towhichRomanticism,the
malicioso
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,
cuando
whenonecouldnotyet
distinguir
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Sobre
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthe
más
mostearnestlongingsofthe
naturalmente
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
hacer
donogreaterwrongtothe
todo
wholeofthisexuberantand
excéntrico
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
disfrazaba
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
y
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeit
en serio
seriously,oreventreatit
con
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
mundo
worldgrewolder,andthe
sueño
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
gente
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
todavía
stillrubthemtoday.
People
había
hadbeendreaming,andfirst
y
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
o
oratleastmeantto
decir
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Una
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
una
arepetitionofthequestion?
Cómo
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
responde
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Pero
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realmofcomedy,anditishightimeto
reemplazar
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
otra
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—in
efecto
effect,itishightimethatwe
deben
shouldunderstandthatsuchjudgments
deben
mustbebelievedtobetrue,forthe
bien
sakeofthepreservationofcreatures
como
likeourselves;
thoughtheystill
podrían
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
O
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
y
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
deberían
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
tenemos
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sólo
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
creencia
beliefandocularevidencebelongingto
la
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Y
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
entiendan
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—has
ejercido
exercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,
hay
thereisnodoubtthat
un
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
un
ashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofía
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
y
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
todas
allnations,tofindan
antídoto
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelast
siglo
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...