PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
una
awoman—whatthen?Istherenotgroundfor
sospechar
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefracasado
failedtounderstandwomen—thattheterrible
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunitycon
withwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledy
andunseemlymethodsforwinninguna
awoman?Certainlyshehas
nunca
neverallowedherselftobewon;y
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandscon
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,hecho
indeed,itstandsatall!For
hay
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithascaído
fallen,thatalldogmaliesonel
theground—naymore,thatitisatitsúltimo
lastgasp.Buttospeak
en serio
seriously,therearegoodgroundsforesperar
hopingthatalldogmatizinginfilosofía
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusivey
anddecidedairsithasasumido
assumed,mayhavebeenonlyun
anoblepuerilismandtyronism;y
andprobablythetimeisatmano
handwhenitwillbeuna vez
onceandagainunderstoodWHAThasrealmente
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingy
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:tal vez
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtiempo
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,inla
theformofsubject-andego-superstition,
ha
hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):tal vez
perhapssomeplayuponwords,aengaño
deceptiononthepartofgramática
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofmuy
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filosofía
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobeesperar
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsdespués
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheservicio
serviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,oro
gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeengastado
spentthanonanyactualciencia
sciencehitherto:weowetoit,
y
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiay
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarquitectura
architecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
corazón
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,todas
allgreatthingshavefirsttovagar
wanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
filosofía
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofeste
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrina
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
aunque
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfesar
confessedthattheworst,themás
mosttiresome,andthemostpeligroso
dangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenun
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPuro
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Pero
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,cuando
whenEurope,ridofthispesadilla
nightmare,canagaindrawbreathlibremente
freelyandatleastenjoyun
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsoftoda
allthestrengthwhichthelucha
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfomentado
fostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
y
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamental
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofEspíritu
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofellos
them;indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician:"Howdidsuchamalady
atacó
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?Había
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorruptedlo
him?WasSocratesafterall
un
acorrupterofyouths,andmerecía
deservedhishemlock?"Butthe
lucha
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,y
andforthe"people"—thestrugglecontra
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofCristianismo
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),produjo
producedinEuropeamagnificenttensión
tensionofsoul,suchashabía
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;con
withsuchatenselystrainedarco
bowonecannowaimatlas
thefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
hecho
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensión
tensionasastateofangustia
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenhecho
madeingrandstyletounbendel
thebow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,
y
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocrática
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertad
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,podría
might,infact,bringitaboutthattheespíritu
spiritwouldnotsoeasilyencontrara
finditselfin"distress"!(TheGermans
inventaron
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!pero
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventaron
inventedprinting.)Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
siquiera
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,y
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wetenemos
haveitstill,alltheangustia
distressofspiritandallla
thetensionofitsbow!Y
Andperhapsalsothearrow,thedeber
duty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
The
Voluntad
WilltoTruth,whichistotentará
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichtodos
allphilosophershavehithertospokencon
withrespect,whatquestionshasesta
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforenos
us!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
una
alongstory;yetit
parece
seemsasifitwerehardlycomenzado
commenced.Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdamos
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?That
esta
thisSphinxteachesusatfin
lasttoaskquestionsourselves?Quién
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstousaquí
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nosotros
us?Infactwemadea
tiempo
longhaltatthequestionastola
theoriginofthisWill—untilatfin
lastwecametoanabsoluta
absolutestandstillbeforeayetmás
morefundamentalquestion.Weinquiredabout
el
theVALUEofthisWill.Concedido
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:Por qué
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?And
incertidumbre
uncertainty?Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthe
valor
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblema
problem?Whichofusis
el
theOedipushere?WhichtheSphinx?
It
ser
wouldseemtobeaencuentro
rendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogatorio
interrogation.Andcoulditbebelievedthatitat
fin
lastseemstousassi
iftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedantes
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,y
andRISKRAISINGit?For
hay
thereisriskinraisingit,tal vez
perhapsthereisnogreaterriesgo
risk.2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofits
opuesto
opposite?Forexample,truthoutof
error
error?ortheWilltoTruth
fuera
outofthewilltoengaño
deception?orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness?orthepuresun-bright
visión
visionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?Tal
Suchgenesisisimpossible;whoever
sueña
dreamsofitisafool,nay,peor
worsethanafool;thingsof
las
thehighestvaluemusthaveadiferente
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltrymundo
world,inthisturmoilofilusión
delusionandcupidity,theycannottener
havetheirsource.Butratherinthe
regazo
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedDios
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirfuente
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningrevela
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimespueden
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlógico
logicalprocedure;throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
somethingthatisinthefinal
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."The
fundamental
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHECreencia
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.It
nunca
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubtaquí
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmás
mostnecessary);thoughtheyhad
hecho
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Forit
puede
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexisten
existatall;andsecondly,
si
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalor
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirsello
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,meramente
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablemente
probablymadefromsomecorner,tal vez
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowuna
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.Inspiteof
todo
allthevaluewhichmaypertenecer
belongtothetrue,thepositivo
positive,andtheunselfish,itmightbeposible
possiblethatahigherandmás
morefundamentalvalueforlifeen general
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothevoluntad
willtodelusion,toselfishness,y
andcupidity.Itmightevenbe
posible
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalor
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistsprecisamente
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,y
andcrochetedtotheseevily
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingesencialmente
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.Perhaps!
Pero
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!For
esa
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofanuevo
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveotros
othertastesandinclinations,therevés
reverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthepeligroso
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthetérmino
term.Andtospeakin
toda
allseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoaparecer
appear.3.
Havingkepta
agudo
sharpeyeonphilosophers,andhabiendo
havingreadbetweentheirlinestiempo
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterparte
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecontado
countedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,y
anditissoeveninthecaso
caseofphilosophicalthinking;one
tiene
hasheretolearnanew,asuno
onelearnedanewaboutheredityy
and"innateness."Aslittleasthe
acto
actofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthetodo
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaspoco
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinningún
anydecisivesense;thegreater
parte
partoftheconsciousthinkingofun
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,y
andforcedintodefinitechannels.Y
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsoberanía
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,o
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemantenimiento
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForejemplo
example,thatthecertainisvale
worthmorethantheuncertain,thatilusión
illusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancia
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemantenimiento
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Suponiendo
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotsólo
justthe"measureofthings."4.
La
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjeción
objectiontoit:itis
aquí
here,perhaps,thatournewlenguaje
languagesoundsmoststrangely.The
cuestión
questionis,howfaranopinión
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,tal vez
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentalmente
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioripertenecen
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatsin
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,sin
withoutacomparisonofrealitycon
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluto
absoluteandimmutable,withoutaconstante
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,hombre
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationofvida
life,anegationoflife.TO
Reconocer
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFVida
LIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
valor
valueinadangerousmanner,y
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,ha
hastherebyaloneplaceditselfmás allá
beyondgoodandevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
y
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddescubrimiento
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howofteny
andeasilytheymakemistakesy
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishy
andchildliketheyare,—butthathay
thereisnotenoughhonestdealingcon
withthem,whereastheyalllevantan
raisealoudandvirtuousoutcrycuando
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessissiquiera
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
hubieran
hadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofuna
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontraste
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairery
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,inhecho
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,o
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdeseo
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemcon
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevento
event.Theyarealladvocateswhodonot
desean
wishtoberegardedassuch,generalmente
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andMuy
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmite
admitsthistoitself,verylejos
farfromhavingthegoodsabor
tasteofthecouragewhichva
goessofarastodejar
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstoadvertir
warnfriendorfoe,orincheerfulconfianza
confidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
viejo
oldKant,equallystiffanddecente
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatconducen
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessonreír
smile,wewhofindnosmalldiversión
amusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofviejo
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.O
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmatemática
mathematicalform,bymeansofcual
whichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisfilosofía
philosophyinmailandmask—inhecho
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totraducir
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—infin
ordertherebytostriketerroratinmediato
onceintotheheartofel
theassailantwhoshoulddaretocastamirada
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,esa
thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityy
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusetraiciona
betray!6.
Ithasgradually
vuelto
becomecleartomewhateverygran
greatphilosophyuptillnowha
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,y
andaspeciesofinvoluntaryy
andunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposeineveryfilosofía
philosophyhasconstitutedthetruevital
vitalgermoutofwhichthetoda
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.Hecho
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofun
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itissiempre
alwayswell(andwise)toprimero
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
apuntan
aimat?"Accordingly,Idonot
creo
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthepadre
fatherofphilosophy;butthat
otro
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,ha
hasonlymadeuseofconocimiento
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)as
un
aninstrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
hombre
manwithaviewtodeterminar
determininghowfartheymayhaber
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsy
andcobolds),willfindthattheyhaber
haveallpracticedphilosophyatonemomento
timeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhaber
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheúltimo
ultimateendofexistenceandthelegítimo
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.For
cada
everyimpulseisimperious,andasTal
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobe
seguro
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaso
caseofreallyscientificmen,itpuede
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;therethere
puede
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"someespecie
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,cuando
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytoese
thatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestomen
takinganymaterialparttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthe
erudito
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteotra
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,o
orinmoney-making,orinpolítica
politics;itis,infact,
casi
almostindifferentatwhatpointofinvestigación
researchhislittlemachineiscoloca
placed,andwhetherthehopefuljoven
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,un
amushroomspecialist,oraquímico
chemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
esto
thisorthat.Inthe
filósofo
philosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynada
nothingimpersonal;andaboveall,his
moralidad
moralityfurnishesadecidedanddecisivo
decisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistodecir
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturaleza
naturestandtoeachother.7.
How
maliciosos
maliciousphilosopherscanbe!I
conozco
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthebroma
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyofhacer
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;he
llamaba
calledthemDionysiokolakes.Inits
original
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,la
thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesy
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
decir
say,"TheyareallACTORS,hay
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
popularnameforanactor).Y
Andthelatterisreallyel
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewas
molesto
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenescena
scenestyleofwhichPlatoy
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotun
amaster!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
quién
whosatconcealedinhispequeño
littlegardenatAthens,andescribió
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofragey
andambitiousenvyofPlato,quién
whoknows!Greecetooka
cien
hundredyearstofindoutquién
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Hay
Thereisapointincada
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthefilósofo
philosopherappearsonthescene;o
or,toputitinthewordsofun
anancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
deseas
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!Imaginetoyourselves
un
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagante
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,sin
withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfuly
andbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Indiferencia
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouvivir
liveinaccordancewithsuchindiferencia
indifference?Tolive—isnotthat
sólo
justendeavouringtobeotherwisede
thanthisNature?Isnot
vivir
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimitado
limited,endeavouringtobedifferent?Y
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingacuerdo
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallyla
thesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howpodrías
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyou
hacer
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,y
andmustbe?Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
con
withyou:whileyoupretendto
leer
readwithrapturethecanonofyourley
lawinNature,youwantalgo
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersy
andself-deluders!Inyourprideyou
deseas
wishtodictateyourmoralsy
andidealstoNature,toNaturaleza
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;you
insiste
insistthatitshallbeNaturaleza
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"y
andwouldlikeeverythingtobehecho
madeafteryourownimage,asuna
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!Con
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhabéis
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,y
andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytover
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistodecir
say,Stoically,thatyouareno
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocoronar
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessda
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewilltambién
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoic
una
aPARTofNature?...But
esta
thisisanoldandeterna
everlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimes
con
withtheStoicsstillhappenshoy
today,assoonaseveruna
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.It
siempre
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimagen
image;itcannotdootherwise;
filosofía
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,la
themostspiritualWilltoPoder
Power,thewillto"creationofla
theworld,"thewilltola
thecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
y
andsubtlety,Ishouldevendiría
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblema
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtcon
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughty
andattention;andhewho
oye
hearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthefondo
background,andnothingelse,cannotciertamente
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrare
y
andisolatedcases,itmayreallyhaber
havehappenedthatsuchaVoluntad
WilltoTruth—acertainextravaganty
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambición
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipado
participatedtherein:thatwhichin
la
theendalwaysprefersapuñado
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;there
puede
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whoprefieren
prefertoputtheirlastconfianza
trustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanincierto
uncertainsomething.ButthatisNihilism,
y
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedalma
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingtal
suchavirtuemaydisplay.It
parece
seems,however,tobeotherwisecon
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoaretodavía
stilleagerforlife.InthattheysideAGAINST
apariencia
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilidad
credibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutasbajo
lowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencia
evidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"y
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestposesión
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentcree
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whosabe
knowsiftheyarenotrealmente
reallytryingtowinbackalgo
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerposesión
possession,somethingoftheolddominio
domainofthefaithofformertimes,tal vez
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheypodrían
couldlivebetter,thatistodecir
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?Hay
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasineste
thismodeoflookingatthings,una
adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstruido
constructedyesterdayandtoday;thereis
tal vez
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietyy
andscorn,whichcannolongersoportar
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemás
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentlanza
throwsonthemarket;adisgustofthe
más
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessy
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomhay
thereisnothingeitherneworverdadero
true,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinit
parece
seemstomethatwedeberíamos
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsy
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentdía
day;theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
ir
go"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.Un
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,coraje
courage,andartisticpower,andtheyfuera
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
It
parece
seemstomethatthereispor todas partes
everywhereanattemptatpresenttodesviar
divertattentionfromtheactualinfluencia
influencewhichKantexercisedonGermanfilosofía
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevalor
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.Kantwasfirstandforemost
orgulloso
proudofhisTableofCategories;con
withitinhishandhedijo
said:"Thisisthemost
difícil
difficultthingthatcouldeverbeemprender
undertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."Letus
sólo
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!Hewas
orgulloso
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultad
facultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjuicio
judgmentapriori.Grantingthathe
engañó
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;the
desarrollo
developmentandrapidflourishingofGermanfilosofía
philosophydependedneverthelessonhisorgullo
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofthejoven
youngergenerationtodiscoverifposible
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflexionemos
reflectforamoment—itishighmomento
timetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pregunta
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhisrespuesta
answer?"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
desafortunadamente
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,y
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityy
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherpierde
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchanrespuesta
answer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
deleite
delightoverthisnewfaculty,y
andthejubilationreacheditsclímax
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovereduna
amoralfacultyinman—foratese
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Then
llegó
camethehoneymoonofGermanfilosofía
philosophy.AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institución
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allbusca
seekingfor"faculties."Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
ese
thatinnocent,rich,andstilljoven
youthfulperiodoftheGermanespíritu
spirit,towhichRomanticism,themalicioso
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,cuando
whenonecouldnotyetdistinguir
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Sobre
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemás
mostearnestlongingsofthenaturalmente
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecan
hacer
donogreaterwrongtothetodo
wholeofthisexuberantandexcéntrico
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisfrazaba
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryy
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeiten serio
seriously,oreventreatitcon
withmoralindignation.Enough,however—the
mundo
worldgrewolder,andthesueño
dreamvanished.Atimecamewhen
gente
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheytodavía
stillrubthemtoday.People
había
hadbeendreaming,andfirsty
andforemost—oldKant."Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,o
oratleastmeanttodecir
say.But,isthat—ananswer?
Una
Anexplanation?Orisitnotrathermerely
una
arepetitionofthequestion?Cómo
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,responde
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.Pero
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothereino
realmofcomedy,anditishightimetoreemplazar
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"by
otra
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—inefecto
effect,itishightimethatwedeben
shouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsdeben
mustbebelievedtobetrue,forthebien
sakeofthepreservationofcreaturescomo
likeourselves;thoughtheystill
podrían
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!O
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughlyy
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorideberían
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;we
tenemos
havenorighttothem;inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sólo
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblecreencia
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtola
theperspectiveviewoflife.Y
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenorme
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouentiendan
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasejercido
exercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,hay
thereisnodoubtthatun
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadun
ashareinit;thankstoGerman
filosofía
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,y
andthepoliticalobscurantistsoftodas
allnations,tofindanantídoto
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastsiglo
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...