×

Select Store

Dowload from Google Play Dowload from the App Store

Scan with Camera

Dowload via QR Code
Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1 Translation Books

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
una
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
todos
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
entender
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
y
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
y
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
una
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
nunca
neverallowedherselftobewon;
y
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
con
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsat
todo
all!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
caído
fallen,thatalldogmalieson
el
theground—naymore,thatitisatits
último
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,
hay
therearegoodgroundsfor
esperar
hopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
y
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
pueda
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
y
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
tiempo
timeisathandwhenitwillbe
una vez
onceandagainunderstoodWHAThas
realmente
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
y
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
tal vez
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tiempo
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,in
la
theformofsubject-
andego-superstition,
ha
hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
tal vez
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthe
parte
partofgrammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
muy
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
esperar
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceof
cual
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
y
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
cualquier
anyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
y
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
y
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
corazón
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
todas
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
tierra
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
ha
hasbeenacaricatureof
este
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
y
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
más
mosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
un
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
y
andtheGoodinItself.
Pero
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
cuando
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
puede
canagaindrawbreathfreely
y
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
nosotros
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
toda
allthestrengthwhichthestruggle
contra
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
y
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
vida
life,tospeakofSpirit
y
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
ellos
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
tal
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Había
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
lo
him?
WasSocratesafterall
un
acorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Pero
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
hablar
speakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contra
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
una
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
había
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
con
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
puede
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
un
amatteroffact,theEuropean
siente
feelsthistensionasastateofdistress,
y
andtwiceattemptshavebeen
hecho
madeingrandstyletounbend
el
thebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
y
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
con
withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
y
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasily
encontrara
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
ellos
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Pero
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
siquiera
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
y
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
tenemos
haveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
y
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Y
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
y
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Voluntad
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
todos
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
con
withrespect,whatquestionshas
esta
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
nos
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
una
alongstory;
yetitseemsas
si
ifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdamos
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
esta
thisSphinxteachesusat
fin
lasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Quién
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
aquí
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nosotros
us?
Infactwemadea
tiempo
longhaltatthequestionasto
la
theoriginofthisWill—untilat
fin
lastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
más
morefundamentalquestion.
Weinquiredabout
el
theVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwe
queremos
wantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Y
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problema
problemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problema
problem?
Whichofusis
el
theOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
It
ser
wouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
y
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
podría
coulditbebelievedthatitat
fin
lastseemstousas
si
iftheproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
antes
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
y
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
hay
thereisriskinraisingit,
tal vez
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Podría
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
o
ortheWilltoTruth
fuera
outofthewilltodeception?
o
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
o
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
la
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Tal
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
sueña
dreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethan
un
afool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
deben
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
mundo
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
y
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Pero
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dios
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
y
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
pueden
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
esta
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
somethingthatisinthe
final
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nunca
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
aquí
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
más
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhad
hecho
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
puede
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
y
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
y
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
han
havesettheirseal,arenot
tal vez
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablemente
probablymadefromsomecorner,
tal vez
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
una
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
todo
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
verdadero
true,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
posible
possiblethatahigherand
más
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
voluntad
willtodelusion,toselfishness,
y
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
posible
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegood
y
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
y
andcrochetedtotheseevil
y
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
con
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwho
quiere
wishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
esa
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nuevo
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhave
otros
othertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Y
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
veo
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Habiendo
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
y
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
tiempo
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
parte
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
y
anditissoeveninthe
caso
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
one
tiene
hasheretolearnanew,as
uno
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
y
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
todo
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
poco
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
ningún
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
parte
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
un
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
y
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Y
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,
hay
therearevaluations,orto
hablar
speakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
un
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
más
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nosotros
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,that
hombre
manisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
La
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
aquí
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguage
suena
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestion
es
is,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
tal vez
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
más
mostindispensabletous,that
sin
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sin
withoutacomparisonofreality
con
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
y
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
mundo
worldbymeansofnumbers,
hombre
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
vida
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Una
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
una
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,
ha
hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyond
bien
goodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
y
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
y
andeasilytheymakemistakes
y
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
y
andchildliketheyare,—butthat
hay
thereisnotenoughhonestdealing
con
withthem,whereastheyallraise
un
aloudandvirtuousoutcry
cuando
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
siquiera
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
hubieran
hadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
una
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
y
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
hecho
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
o
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
y
andrefined,isdefendedbythem
con
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
todos
alladvocateswhodonot
desean
wishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
también
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Muy
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
esto
thistoitself,veryfarfrom
tener
havingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhich
va
goessofarasto
dejar
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarn
amigo
friendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
y
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
viejo
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
con
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
encontramos
findnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
viejo
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
O
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansof
cual
whichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
y
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslate
el
thetermfairlyandsquarely—in
fin
ordertherebytostriketerrorat
inmediato
onceintotheheartof
el
theassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceon
esa
thatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
y
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
ha
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhatevery
gran
greatphilosophyuptillnow
ha
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
y
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
y
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposeineveryphilosophy
ha
hasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutof
cual
whichtheentireplanthas
siempre
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
cómo
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
un
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
siempre
alwayswell(andwise)to
primero
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
creo
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
padre
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
otro
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,
ha
hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
un
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
hombre
manwithaviewtodetermininghowfarthey
pueden
mayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
y
andcobolds),willfindthatthey
haber
haveallpracticedphilosophyatone
momento
timeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwould
haber
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimate
fin
endofexistenceandthelegitimate
Señor
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
cada
everyimpulseisimperious,andas
Tal
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
seguro
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
caso
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
puede
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
puede
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
especie
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
cuando
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslyto
ese
thatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tomen
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
otra
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
o
orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
es
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhat
punto
pointofresearchhislittlemachineis
coloca
placed,andwhetherthehopeful
joven
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
un
amushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
esto
thisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,on
el
thecontrary,thereisabsolutely
nada
nothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
un
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Quién
WHOHEIS,—thatisto
decir
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
pueden
canbe!
Iknowof
nada
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurus
tomó
tookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
y
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
y
andonthefaceofit,
la
thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
y
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
decir
say,"TheyareallACTORS,
hay
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
nombre
nameforanactor).
And
el
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
y
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnot
un
amaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
quién
whosatconcealedinhis
pequeño
littlegardenatAthens,and
escribió
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
y
andambitiousenvyofPlato,
quién
whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
quién
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Hay
Thereisapointin
cada
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
o
or,toputitinthewordsof
un
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Vivir
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
sin
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
y
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
un
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordance
con
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
sólo
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
de
thanthisNature?
Isnot
vivir
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
diferente
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
significa
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
podrías
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
hacer
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
y
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
con
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
leer
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
ley
lawinNature,youwant
algo
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
y
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
deseas
wishtodictateyourmorals
y
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
y
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingto
la
theStoa,"andwouldlike
todo
everythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,as
una
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Con
Withallyourlovefortruth,you
habéis
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
y
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
ver
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
decir
say,Stoically,thatyouare
no
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
todo
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
esperanza
hopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
también
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
una
aPARTofNature?...
But
esta
thisisanoldandeverlasting
historia
story:
whathappenedinoldtimes
con
withtheStoicsstillhappens
hoy
today,assoonasever
una
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
siempre
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannot
hacer
dootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
la
themostspiritualWillto
Poder
Power,thewillto"creationof
la
theworld,"thewillto
la
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
y
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
diría
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problema
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
con
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
y
andattention;
andhewho
oye
hearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
y
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
y
andisolatedcases,itmayreally
haber
havehappenedthatsucha
Voluntad
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
y
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionof
la
theforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
la
theendalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
un
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
puede
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whopreferto
poner
puttheirlasttrustinasure
nada
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
algo
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
y
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
tal
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
con
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
todavía
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
y
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"the
tierra
earthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowing
con
withcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
cree
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sabe
knowsiftheyarenot
realmente
reallytryingtowinback
algo
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
algo
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
tal vez
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
podrían
couldlivebetter,thatisto
decir
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Hay
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
este
thismodeoflookingatthings,
una
adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
y
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
y
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
más
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
una
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
y
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
hay
thereisnothingeithernewor
verdadero
true,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
eso
thatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
y
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
día
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
ir
go"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
y
andartisticpower,andthey
fuera
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethat
hay
thereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
y
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
con
withitinhishandhe
dijo
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
lo
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sólo
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudof
haber
havingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyin
hombre
man,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
una
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
este
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
y
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
si
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
un
amoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pregunta
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
respuesta
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
cinco
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
y
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
y
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
pierde
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
respuesta
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightover
esta
thisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
cuando
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
ese
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
llegó
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Todos
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
fueron
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Y
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
ese
thatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodof
el
theGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,
el
themaliciousfairy,pipedand
cantaba
sang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
entre
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
todo
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
y
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
puede
candonogreaterwrongtothe
todo
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
y
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,
o
oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
mundo
worldgrewolder,andthe
sueño
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
gente
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
todavía
stillrubthemtoday.
People
había
hadbeendreaming,andfirst
y
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
o
oratleastmeantto
decir
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Una
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
una
arepetitionofthequestion?
Cómo
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,replies
el
thedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
y
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantian
pregunta
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
otra
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatwe
deben
shouldunderstandthatsuchjudgments
deben
mustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
como
likeourselves;
thoughtheystill
podrían
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
O
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
y
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
deberían
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
tenemos
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sólo
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
y
andocularevidencebelongingto
la
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Y
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
entiendan
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,
hay
thereisnodoubtthat
un
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
un
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
y
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
todas
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
todavía
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyinto
este
this,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...