Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Spanish A1 Translation Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
una
a
woman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
todos
all
philosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
entender
understand
women—thattheterribleseriousness
y
and
clumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
y
and
unseemlymethodsforwinning
una
a
woman?
Certainlyshehas
nunca
never
allowedherselftobewon;
y
and
atpresenteverykindofdogmastands
con
with
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsat
todo
all
!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
caído
fallen
,thatalldogmalieson
el
the
ground—naymore,thatitisatits
último
last
gasp.
Buttospeakseriously,
hay
there
aregoodgroundsfor
esperar
hoping
thatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
y
and
decidedairsithasassumed,
pueda
may
havebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
y
and
tyronism;
andprobablythe
tiempo
time
isathandwhenitwillbe
una vez
once
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
realmente
actually
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
y
and
absolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
tal vez
perhaps
somepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tiempo
time
(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,in
la
the
formofsubject-
andego-superstition,
ha
has
notyetceaseddoingmischief):
tal vez
perhaps
someplayuponwords,adeceptiononthe
parte
part
ofgrammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
muy
very
restricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
esperar
hoped
,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceof
cual
which
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
y
and
patiencehavebeenspentthanon
cualquier
any
actualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
y
and
toits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
y
and
Egypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
corazón
heart
ofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
todas
all
greatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
tierra
earth
asenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
ha
has
beenacaricatureof
este
this
kind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
y
and
PlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
más
most
tiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
un
a
dogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
y
and
theGoodinItself.
Pero
But
nowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
cuando
when
Europe,ridofthisnightmare,
puede
can
againdrawbreathfreely
y
and
atleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
nosotros
we
,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
toda
all
thestrengthwhichthestruggle
contra
against
thiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
y
and
thedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
vida
life
,tospeakofSpirit
y
and
theGoodasPlatospokeof
ellos
them
;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
tal
such
amaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Había
Had
thewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
lo
him
?
WasSocratesafterall
un
a
corrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Pero
But
thestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
hablar
speak
plainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contra
against
theecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
una
a
magnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
había
had
notexistedanywherepreviously;
con
with
suchatenselystrainedbowone
puede
can
nowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
un
a
matteroffact,theEuropean
siente
feels
thistensionasastateofdistress,
y
and
twiceattemptshavebeen
hecho
made
ingrandstyletounbend
el
the
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
y
and
thesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
con
with
theaidoflibertyofthepress
y
and
newspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasily
encontrara
find
itselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
ellos
them
!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Pero
But
we,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
siquiera
even
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
y
and
free,VERYfreespirits—we
tenemos
have
itstill,allthedistressofspirit
y
and
allthetensionofitsbow!
Y
And
perhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
y
and
,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Voluntad
Will
toTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
todos
all
philosophershavehithertospoken
con
with
respect,whatquestionshas
esta
this
WilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
nos
us
!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
una
a
longstory;
yetitseemsas
si
if
itwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdamos
lose
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
esta
this
Sphinxteachesusat
fin
last
toaskquestionsourselves?
Quién
WHO
isitreallythatputsquestionstous
aquí
here
?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nosotros
us
?
Infactwemadea
tiempo
long
haltatthequestionasto
la
the
originofthisWill—untilat
fin
last
wecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
más
more
fundamentalquestion.
Weinquiredabout
el
the
VALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwe
queremos
want
thetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Y
And
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problema
problem
ofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problema
problem
?
Whichofusis
el
the
Oedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
It
ser
would
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
y
and
notesofinterrogation.
And
podría
could
itbebelievedthatitat
fin
last
seemstousas
si
if
theproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
antes
before
,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
y
and
RISKRAISINGit?
For
hay
there
isriskinraisingit,
tal vez
perhaps
thereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Podría
COULD
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
o
or
theWilltoTruth
fuera
out
ofthewilltodeception?
o
or
thegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
o
or
thepuresun-brightvisionof
la
the
wisemanoutofcovetousness?
Tal
Such
genesisisimpossible;
whoever
sueña
dreams
ofitisafool,nay,worsethan
un
a
fool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
deben
must
haveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
mundo
world
,inthisturmoilofdelusion
y
and
cupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Pero
But
ratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dios
God
,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
y
and
nowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
pueden
can
berecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
esta
this
"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
something
thatisinthe
final
end
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nunca
never
occurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
aquí
here
ontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
más
most
necessary);
thoughtheyhad
hecho
made
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
puede
may
bedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
y
and
secondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
y
and
antithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
han
have
settheirseal,arenot
tal vez
perhaps
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablemente
probably
madefromsomecorner,
tal vez
perhaps
frombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
una
an
expressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
todo
all
thevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
verdadero
true
,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
posible
possible
thatahigherand
más
more
fundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
voluntad
will
todelusion,toselfishness,
y
and
cupidity.
Itmightevenbe
posible
possible
thatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegood
y
and
respectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
y
and
crochetedtotheseevil
y
and
apparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
con
with
them.
Perhaps!
Butwho
quiere
wishes
toconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
esa
that
investigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nuevo
new
orderofphilosophers,suchaswillhave
otros
other
tastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Y
And
tospeakinallseriousness,I
veo
see
suchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Habiendo
Having
keptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
y
and
havingreadbetweentheirlines
tiempo
long
enough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
parte
part
ofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
y
and
itissoeveninthe
caso
case
ofphilosophicalthinking;
one
tiene
has
heretolearnanew,as
uno
one
learnedanewaboutheredity
y
and
"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
todo
whole
processandprocedureofheredity,justas
poco
little
is"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
ningún
any
decisivesense;
thegreater
parte
part
oftheconsciousthinkingof
un
a
philosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
y
and
forcedintodefinitechannels.
Y
And
behindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,
hay
there
arevaluations,orto
hablar
speak
moreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
un
a
definitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
más
more
thantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nosotros
US
,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,that
hombre
man
isnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
La
The
falsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
aquí
here
,perhaps,thatournewlanguage
suena
sounds
moststrangely.
Thequestion
es
is
,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
tal vez
perhaps
species-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
más
most
indispensabletous,that
sin
without
arecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sin
without
acomparisonofreality
con
with
thepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
y
and
immutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
mundo
world
bymeansofnumbers,
hombre
man
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
vida
life
,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Una
A
CONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
una
a
dangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,
ha
has
therebyaloneplaceditselfbeyond
bien
good
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
y
and
half-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
y
and
easilytheymakemistakes
y
and
losetheirway,inshort,howchildish
y
and
childliketheyare,—butthat
hay
there
isnotenoughhonestdealing
con
with
them,whereastheyallraise
un
a
loudandvirtuousoutcry
cuando
when
theproblemoftruthfulnessis
siquiera
even
hintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
hubieran
had
beendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
una
a
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
y
and
foolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
hecho
fact
,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
o
or
"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
y
and
refined,isdefendedbythem
con
with
argumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
todos
all
advocateswhodonot
desean
wish
toberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
también
also
,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Muy
VERY
farfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
esto
this
toitself,veryfarfrom
tener
having
thegoodtasteofthecouragewhich
va
goes
sofarasto
dejar
let
thisbeunderstood,perhapstowarn
amigo
friend
orfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
y
and
self-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
viejo
old
Kant,equallystiffanddecent,
con
with
whichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
encontramos
find
nosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
viejo
old
moralistsandethicalpreachers.
O
Or
,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansof
cual
which
Spinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
y
and
mask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslate
el
the
termfairlyandsquarely—in
fin
order
therebytostriketerrorat
inmediato
once
intotheheartof
el
the
assailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceon
esa
that
invinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
y
and
vulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
ha
has
graduallybecomecleartomewhatevery
gran
great
philosophyuptillnow
ha
has
consistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
y
and
aspeciesofinvoluntary
y
and
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposeineveryphilosophy
ha
has
constitutedthetruevitalgermoutof
cual
which
theentireplanthas
siempre
always
grown.
Indeed,tounderstand
cómo
how
theabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
un
a
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
siempre
always
well(andwise)to
primero
first
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
creo
believe
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
padre
father
ofphilosophy;
butthat
otro
another
impulse,hereaselsewhere,
ha
has
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
un
an
instrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
hombre
man
withaviewtodetermininghowfarthey
pueden
may
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
y
and
cobolds),willfindthatthey
haber
have
allpracticedphilosophyatone
momento
time
oranother,andthateachoneofthemwould
haber
have
beenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimate
fin
end
ofexistenceandthelegitimate
Señor
LORD
overalltheotherimpulses.
For
cada
every
impulseisimperious,andas
Tal
SUCH
,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
seguro
sure
,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
caso
case
ofreallyscientificmen,it
puede
may
beotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
puede
may
reallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
especie
kind
ofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
cuando
when
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslyto
ese
that
end,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tomen
taking
anymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
otra
another
direction—inthefamily,perhaps,
o
or
inmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
es
is
,infact,almostindifferentatwhat
punto
point
ofresearchhislittlemachineis
coloca
placed
,andwhetherthehopeful
joven
young
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,
un
a
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
esto
this
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,on
el
the
contrary,thereisabsolutely
nada
nothing
impersonal;
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
un
a
decidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Quién
WHO
HEIS,—thatisto
decir
say
,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
pueden
can
be!
Iknowof
nada
nothing
morestingingthanthejokeEpicurus
tomó
took
thelibertyofmakingonPlato
y
and
thePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
y
and
onthefaceofit,
la
the
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
y
and
lick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
decir
say
,"TheyareallACTORS,
hay
there
isnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
nombre
name
foranactor).
And
el
the
latterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
y
and
hisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnot
un
a
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
quién
who
satconcealedinhis
pequeño
little
gardenatAthens,and
escribió
wrote
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
y
and
ambitiousenvyofPlato,
quién
who
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
quién
who
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Hay
There
isapointin
cada
every
philosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
o
or
,toputitinthewordsof
un
an
ancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Vivir
LIVE
"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
a
beinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
sin
without
purposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
y
and
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
un
a
power—howCOULDyouliveinaccordance
con
with
suchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
sólo
just
endeavouringtobeotherwise
de
than
thisNature?
Isnot
vivir
living
valuing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
diferente
different
?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
significa
means
actuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
podrías
could
youdoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
hacer
make
aprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
y
and
mustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
con
with
you:
whileyoupretendto
leer
read
withrapturethecanonofyour
ley
law
inNature,youwant
algo
something
quitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
y
and
self-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
deseas
wish
todictateyourmorals
y
and
idealstoNature,toNatureherself,
y
and
toincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingto
la
the
Stoa,"andwouldlike
todo
everything
tobemadeafteryourownimage,as
una
a
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Con
With
allyourlovefortruth,you
habéis
have
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
y
and
withsuchhypnoticrigidityto
ver
see
NatureFALSELY,thatisto
decir
say
,Stoically,thatyouare
no
no
longerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
todo
all
,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
esperanza
hope
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
también
also
allowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoic
una
a
PARTofNature?...
But
esta
this
isanoldandeverlasting
historia
story
:
whathappenedinoldtimes
con
with
theStoicsstillhappens
hoy
today
,assoonasever
una
a
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
siempre
always
createstheworldinitsownimage;
itcannot
hacer
do
otherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
la
the
mostspiritualWillto
Poder
Power
,thewillto"creationof
la
the
world,"thewillto
la
the
causaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
y
and
subtlety,Ishouldeven
diría
say
craftiness,withwhichthe
problema
problem
of"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
con
with
atpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
y
and
attention;
andhewho
oye
hears
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
y
and
nothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
y
and
isolatedcases,itmayreally
haber
have
happenedthatsucha
Voluntad
Will
toTruth—acertainextravagant
y
and
adventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionof
la
the
forlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
la
the
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
un
a
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
puede
may
evenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whopreferto
poner
put
theirlasttrustinasure
nada
nothing
,ratherthaninanuncertain
algo
something
.
ButthatisNihilism,
y
and
thesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
tal
such
avirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
con
with
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
todavía
still
eagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
y
and
speaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"the
tierra
earth
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowing
con
with
complacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
cree
believe
inmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sabe
knows
iftheyarenot
realmente
really
tryingtowinback
algo
something
whichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
algo
something
oftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
tal vez
perhaps
the"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
podrían
could
livebetter,thatisto
decir
say
,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Hay
There
isDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
este
this
modeoflookingatthings,
una
a
disbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
y
and
today;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
y
and
scorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
más
most
variedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
una
a
disgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
y
and
patchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
hay
there
isnothingeithernewor
verdadero
true
,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
eso
that
weshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
y
and
knowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
día
day
;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us
!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
ir
go
"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
A
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
y
and
artisticpower,andthey
fuera
would
beOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethat
hay
there
iseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
y
and
especiallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
con
with
itinhishandhe
dijo
said
:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
lo
thing
thatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
sólo
only
understandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudof
haber
having
DISCOVEREDanewfacultyin
hombre
man
,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
una
a
priori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
este
this
matter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
y
and
ontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
si
if
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
un
a
moment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pregunta
asks
himself—andwhatisreallyhis
respuesta
answer
?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
cinco
five
words,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
y
and
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
y
and
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
pierde
loses
sightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
respuesta
answer
.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightover
esta
this
newfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
cuando
when
Kantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
ese
that
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
llegó
came
thehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Todos
All
theyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
fueron
went
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Y
And
whatdidtheynotfind—in
ese
that
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodof
el
the
Germanspirit,towhichRomanticism,
el
the
maliciousfairy,pipedand
cantaba
sang
,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
entre
between
"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
todo
all
afacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
y
and
therebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
puede
can
donogreaterwrongtothe
todo
whole
ofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
y
and
senileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,
o
or
eventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
mundo
world
grewolder,andthe
sueño
dream
vanished.
Atimecamewhen
gente
people
rubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
todavía
still
rubthemtoday.
People
había
had
beendreaming,andfirst
y
and
foremost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
un
a
means(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
o
or
atleastmeantto
decir
say
.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Una
An
explanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
una
a
repetitionofthequestion?
Cómo
How
doesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
un
a
means(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,replies
el
the
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
y
and
itishightimetoreplacetheKantian
pregunta
question
,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
otra
another
question,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatwe
deben
should
understandthatsuchjudgments
deben
must
bebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
como
like
ourselves;
thoughtheystill
podrían
might
naturallybefalsejudgments!
O
Or
,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
y
and
readily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
deberían
should
not"bepossible"atall;
we
tenemos
have
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Sólo
Only
,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
y
and
ocularevidencebelongingto
la
the
perspectiveviewoflife.
Y
And
finally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
entiendan
understand
itsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,
hay
there
isnodoubtthat
un
a
certainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
un
a
shareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
y
and
thepoliticalobscurantistsof
todas
all
nations,tofindanantidotetothe
todavía
still
overwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyinto
este
this
,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...