CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
Inthe
año
year1878ItookmydegreeofDoctor
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,y
andproceededtoNetleytogothroughthecurso
courseprescribedforsurgeonsinthearmy.Habiendo
Havingcompletedmystudiesthere,IwasdulyattachedtotheFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthe
momento
time,andbeforeIcouldjoinit,thesegunda
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,Ilearnedthatmycorps
había
hadadvancedthroughthepasses,y
andwasalreadydeepintheenemy’spaís
country.Ifollowed,however,with
muchos
manyotherofficerswhowereinla
thesamesituationasmyself,y
andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,donde
whereIfoundmyregiment,y
andatonceentereduponmynewduties.La
Thecampaignbroughthonoursandpromotiontomuchos
many,butformeittuvo
hadnothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
y
andattachedtotheBerkshires,con
withwhomIservedatthefatalbattleofMaiwand.Allí
ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderbyuna
aJezailbullet,whichshatteredtheboney
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.I
debería
shouldhavefallenintothehandsofthemurderousGhazishaber
haditnotbeenforthedevotiony
andcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,whothrewmeacrossun
apack-horse,andsucceededinbringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Worn
con
withpain,andweakfromtheprolongedhardshipswhichIhabía
hadundergone,Iwasremoved,con
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tothebasehospital
hospitalatPeshawar.HereIrallied,
y
andhadalreadyimprovedsofarastobecapaz
abletowalkaboutthewards,y
andeventobaskapoco
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,esa
thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
vida
lifewasdespairedof,andcuando
whenatlastIcametomyselfy
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweaky
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedthatnotadía
dayshouldbelostinsendingmevuelta
backtoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
y
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,con
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,pero
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthenextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.I
tenía
hadneitherkithnorkininEngland,y
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—oraslibre
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingsy
andsixpenceadaywillpermitahombre
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,
ese
thatgreatcesspoolintowhichtodos
alltheloungersandidlersoftheEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Allí
ThereIstayedforsometiempo
timeataprivatehotelinel
theStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,y
andspendingsuchmoneyasItenía
had,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarmingdidthestateofmyfinancesbecome,thatI
pronto
soonrealizedthatImusteitherdejar
leavethemetropolisandrusticatesomewhereinthecampo
country,orthatImusthacer
makeacompletealterationinmystyleofvivir
living.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganbymakingupmymindto
dejar
leavethehotel,andtotomar
takeupmyquartersinsomelesspretentiousy
andlessexpensivedomicile.Onthe
mismo
verydaythatIhadllegado
cometothisconclusion,IwasstandingattheCriterionBar,cuando
whensomeonetappedmeontheshoulder,y
andturningroundIrecognizedjoven
youngStamford,whohadbeenadresserbajo
undermeatBarts.Thesightofafriendly
rostro
faceinthegreatwildernessofLondonisapleasantthingindeedtoalonelyhombre
man.InolddaysStamford
había
hadneverbeenaparticularcronyofmío
mine,butnowIhailedhimcon
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhisturn,appearedtobedelightedtoseeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,I
pedí
askedhimtolunchwithmeattheHolborn,y
andwestartedofftogetherinun
ahansom.“Whateverhaveyoubeen
haciendo
doingwithyourself,Watson?”he
preguntó
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattledthroughlas
thecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
una
alathandasbrownasuna
anut.”Igavehim
un
ashortsketchofmyadventures,y
andhadhardlyconcludeditbythetimethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
dijo
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadescuchado
listenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”I
respondí
answered.“Tryingtosolvethe
problema
problemastowhetheritisposible
possibletogetcomfortableroomsatun
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youare
el
thesecondmanto-daythatha
hasusedthatexpressiontome.”“And
quién
whowasthefirst?”I
pregunté
asked.“Afellowwhois
trabaja
workingatthechemicallaboratoryupatel
thehospital.Hewasbemoaninghimself
esta
thismorningbecausehecouldnotconseguir
getsomeonetogohalvescon
withhiminsomeniceroomswhichhehabía
hadfound,andwhichweredemasiado
toomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
realmente
reallywantssomeonetosharetheroomsy
andtheexpense,Iamtheveryhombre
manforhim.Ishouldprefer
tener
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Joven
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeoverhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
conoces
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hedijo
said;“perhapsyouwouldnot
importaría
careforhimasaconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatis
hay
thereagainsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
dije
saytherewasanythingagainsthim.Heis
un
alittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastinalgunas
somebranchesofscience.AsfarasI
sé
knowheisadecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
dije
saidI.“No—Ihaveno
idea
ideawhatheintendstogoinfor.I
creo
believeheiswellupinanatomy,y
andheisafirst-classchemist;pero
but,asfarasIsé
know,hehasnevertakenoutanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesare
muy
verydesultoryandeccentric,butheha
hasamassedalotofout-of-thewayknowledgewhichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
nunca
neveraskhimwhathewasiba
goinginfor?”Iasked.
“No;
heisnot
un
amanthatitisfácil
easytodrawout,thoughhepuede
canbecommunicativeenoughwhenla
thefancyseizeshim.”“Ishould
gustaría
liketomeethim,”Idije
said.“IfIamtolodge
con
withanyone,Ishouldpreferun
amanofstudiousandquiethabits.Iamnotstrong
lo suficientemente
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseo
orexcitement.Ihadenoughof
ambos
bothinAfghanistantolastmeforel
theremainderofmynaturalexistence.Cómo
HowcouldImeetthisamigo
friendofyours?”“Heis
seguro
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“Heeitheravoidsthe
lugar
placeforweeks,orelsehetrabaja
workstherefrommorningtonoche
night.Ifyoulike,weshall
conduciremos
driveroundtogetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”I
respondí
answered,andtheconversationdriftedawayintootros
otherchannels.Aswemadeourwayto
el
thehospitalafterleavingtheHolborn,Stamforddio
gavemeafewmoreparticularssobre
aboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtotomar
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
si
ifyoudon’tgetoncon
withhim,”hesaid;“I
sé
knownothingmoreofhimthanIhe
havelearnedfrommeetinghimoccasionallyinel
thelaboratory.Youproposedthisarrangement,soyou
debe
mustnotholdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’tgetonit
será
willbeeasytopartcompany,”Irespondí
answered.“Itseemstome,Stamford,”Iadded,
mirando
lookinghardatmycompanion,“thatyoutienes
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsoflas
thematter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
o
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthedaboutit.”
“Itisnot
fácil
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”herespondió
answeredwithalaugh.“Holmesis
un
alittletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
podría
couldimaginehisgivingaamigo
friendalittlepinchoflos
thelatestvegetablealkaloid,notoutofmalevolence,youcomprendes
understand,butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertotener
haveanaccurateideaoflos
theeffects.Todohimjustice,I
creo
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfcon
withthesamereadiness.Heappearsto
tener
haveapassionfordefinitey
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
pero
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Cuando
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomscon
withastick,itiscertainlytomando
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beating
los
thesubjects!”“Yes,toverifyhowfarbruises
pueden
maybeproducedafterdeath.I
vi
sawhimatitwithmyowneyes.”“Andyetyou
dices
sayheisnotamedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
sabe
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiesson
are.Buthereweare,
y
andyoumustformyourownimpressionssobre
abouthim.”Ashespoke,weturneddownanarrowlane
y
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,whichabría
openedintoawingofthegran
greathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
mí
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircasey
andmadeourwaydownthelargo
longcorridorwithitsvistaofwhitewashedwally
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
extremo
endalowarchedpassagebranchedlejos
awayfromitandledtothechemicallaboratory.Esta
Thiswasaloftychamber,linedy
andlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescatteredabout,whichbristled
con
withretorts,test-tubes,andlittleBunsenlamps,con
withtheirblueflickeringflames.Therewas
sólo
onlyonestudentinthehabitación
room,whowasbendingoveradistanttableabsorbedinhistrabajo
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
y
andsprangtohisfeetcon
withacryofpleasure.“I’ve
encontrado
foundit!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,
corriendo
runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhismano
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agentwhichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,
y
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscoveredagold
mina
mine,greaterdelightcouldnothaber
haveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”
dijo
saidStamford,introducingus.“Howareyou?”
he
dijo
saidcordially,grippingmyhandcon
withastrengthforwhichIshouldhardlyhabría
havegivenhimcredit.“You
ha
havebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”“Howonearthdidyou
sabías
knowthat?”Iaskedinastonishment.
“Nevermind,”
dijo
saidhe,chucklingtohimself.“The
pregunta
questionnowisabouthæmoglobin.No
Nodoubtyouseethesignificanceofeste
thisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,nodoubt,”I
respondí
answered,“butpractically——”.“Why,man,itis
el
themostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
ves
seethatitgivesusuna
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Ven
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmeby
la
thecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,y
anddrewmeovertola
thetableatwhichhehabía
hadbeenworking.“Letushavesomefreshblood,”he
dijo
said,diggingalongbodkinintohisfinger,y
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofsangre
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
esta
thissmallquantityofbloodtoun
alitreofwater.Youperceivethat
la
theresultingmixturehastheappearanceofpurewater.La
Theproportionofbloodcannotbemás
morethanoneinamillón
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,thatweshallbeabletoobtain
la
thecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
hablaba
spoke,hethrewintothevesselun
afewwhitecrystals,andthenaddedsomedropsofun
atransparentfluid.Inaninstant
el
thecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,y
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtoel
thebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
y
andlookingasdelightedasun
achildwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyou
parece
thinkofthat?”“Itseemstobe
una
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
hermoso
beautiful!TheoldGuiacumtestwas
muy
veryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthemicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.
Las
Thelatterisvaluelessiflas
thestainsareafewhoursold.Ahora
Now,thisappearstoactasbien
wellwhetherthebloodisoldo
ornew.Hadthistestbeeninvented,
hay
therearehundredsofmennowcaminando
walkingtheearthwhowouldtiempo
longagohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhingingupon
ese
thatonepoint.Amanissuspectedof
un
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithaya
hasbeencommitted.Hislinen
o
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponellos
them.Aretheybloodstains,
o
ormudstains,orruststains,o
orfruitstains,orwhatarethey?Esa
Thatisaquestionwhichha
haspuzzledmanyanexpert,y
andwhy?Becausetherewas
no
noreliabletest.Nowwehave
la
theSherlockHolmes’test,andtherewillno
nolongerbeanydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashe
hablaba
spoke,andheputhismano
handoverhisheartandbowedassi
iftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewas
el
thecaseofVonBischoffatFrankfortlastaño
year.Hewouldcertainlyhavebeen
ahorcado
hunghadthistestbeeninexistence.ThentherewasMasonofBradford,
y
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,y
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
podría
couldnameascoreofcasesinwhichitsido
wouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobeawalkingcalendarofcrime,”
dijo
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
podrías
mightstartapaperonthoselines.Callit
las
the‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.“Veryinterestingreadingit
podría
mightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickingapequeño
smallpieceofplasteroverel
theprickonhisfinger.“I
tener
havetobecareful,”hecontinued,turningtomecon
withasmile,“forIdabblecon
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheldouthis
mano
handashespoke,andInoticedthatitwastodo
allmottledoverwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,y
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“Wecame
aquí
hereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sentado
sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,y
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectioncon
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
aquí
herewantstotakediggings,y
andasyouwerecomplainingthatyoupodías
couldgetnoonetoir
gohalveswithyou,Ipensé
thoughtthatIhadbetterbringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedat
la
theideaofsharinghisroomscon
withme.“Ihavemyeyeon
una
asuiteinBakerStreet,”hedijo
said,“whichwouldsuitusdowntoel
theground.Youdon’tmind
el
thesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“Ialwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”I
respondí
answered.“That’sgoodenough.
Igenerally
tengo
havechemicalsabout,andoccasionallyhago
doexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“Bynomeans.”
“Letmesee—whataremyothershortcomings.
Igetin
la
thedumpsattimes,anddon’tabrí
openmymouthfordaysonend.You
debes
mustnotthinkIamsulkycuando
whenIdothat.Justletme
paz
alone,andI’llsoonberazón
right.Whathaveyoutoconfess
ahora
now?It’sjustaswellfor
dos
twofellowstoknowtheworstofuno
oneanotherbeforetheybegintovivir
livetogether.”Ilaughedat
este
thiscross-examination.“Ikeepabullpup,”I
dije
said,“andIobjecttorowsporque
becausemynervesareshaken,y
andIgetupattodo
allsortsofungodlyhours,y
andIamextremelylazy.I
tengo
haveanothersetofvicescuando
whenI’mwell,butthosearetheprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
preguntó
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”I
respondí
answered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatfor
los
thegods—abadly-playedone——”.“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
con
withamerrylaugh.“I
creo
thinkwemayconsiderthethingassettled—thates
is,iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
veremos
seethem?”“Callforme
aquí
hereatnoonto-morrow,andwe’lliremos
gotogetherandsettleeverything,”herespondió
answered.“Allright—noonexactly,”saidI,shakinghis
mano
hand.Welefthimworkingamonghischemicals,
y
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
pregunté
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucedidhesabía
knowthatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
una
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthislittlepeculiarity,”he
dijo
said.“Agoodmanypeople
ha
havewantedtoknowhowhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
un
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
muy
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyouforbringingustogether.
‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“Youmuststudyhim,then,”Stamford
dijo
said,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
encontrarás
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhelearns
más
moreaboutyouthanyouabouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.
La
THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.