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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Russian A1-B2 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Russian A1-B2 Students

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
все
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
понять
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
и
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhave
обычно
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
и
andunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Конечно
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
и
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
с
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
действительно
indeed,itstandsatall!
For
есть
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
все
alldogmaliesontheground—nay
более
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Но
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthat
все
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
и
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
может
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
и
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
время
timeisathandwhenit
будет
willbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
и
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
возможно
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
и
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
возможно
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
обман
deceptiononthepartof
грамматики
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
очень
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
философия
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
только
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
позже
afterwards,aswasastrologyin
до сих пор
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
вероятно
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
и
andpatiencehavebeenspent
чем
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
we
обязаны
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
и
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
сердце
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
все
allgreatthingshavefirstto
блуждать
wanderabouttheearthas
огромные
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
философия
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedanta
доктрина
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonismin
Европе
Europe.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmust
безусловно
certainlybeconfessedthattheworst,themosttiresome,
и
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
изобретение
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Но
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
когда
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
может
canagaindrawbreathfreely
и
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
мы
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthe
силы
strengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
истины
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
жизни
life,tospeakofSpirit
и
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
них
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
напасть
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
действительно
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterall
в
acorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Но
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
и
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
против
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedin
Европе
Europeamagnificenttensionof
души
soul,suchashadnotexisted
нигде
anywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecan
теперь
nowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
это
thistensionasastateof
бедствия
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthe
лук
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
и
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
с
withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
и
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitabout
что
thatthespiritwouldnotso
легко
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
них
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Но
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
даже
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
и
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveit
все еще
still,allthedistressofspirit
и
andallthetensionofitsbow!
И
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
долг
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
все
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
с
withrespect,whatquestionshas
эта
thisWilltoTruthnotlaid
перед
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
уже
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwere
едва
hardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,lose
терпение
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Что
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Кто
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHAT
самом деле
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
нас
us?
Infactwemadea
долго
longhaltatthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoan
абсолютной
absolutestandstillbeforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
о
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
что
thatwewantthetruth:
Почему
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Даже
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueof
истины
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselves
перед
beforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
здесь
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
похоже
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
и
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelieved
что
thatitatlastseemstousasifthe
проблема
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
раньше
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
и
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
есть
thereisriskinraising
его
it,perhapsthereisnogreater
риск
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
For
например
example,truthoutoferror?
или
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewilltodeception?
или
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
или
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Такой
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,
нет
nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemust
иметь
haveadifferentorigin,an
происхождение
originofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
мире
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
и
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Но
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
источник
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,
этот
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogical
процедуры
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
то
somethingthatisintheend
торжественно
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
Thefundamental
вера
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Вера
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurred
даже
eventothewariestofthemto
сомневаться
doubthereontheverythreshold(where
сомневаться
doubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemn
обет
vow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,
ли
whetherantithesesexistatall;
и
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
и
andantithesesofvalueupon
что
whichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
печать
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
заимствовать
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
несмотря
spiteofallthevaluewhichmay
принадлежать
belongtothetrue,thepositive,
и
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
возможно
possiblethatahigherand
более
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
и
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
возможно
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
ценность
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
именно
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
связаны
related,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevil
и
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
по существу
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Но
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
которые
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswill
иметь
haveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseof
тех
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
И
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
вижу
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
и
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
долго
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
часть
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
и
anditissoeveninthe
случае
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
здесь
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
о
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
мало
littleastheactofbirthcomesinto
внимание
considerationinthewholeprocess
и
andprocedureofheredity,justas
мало
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisive
смысле
sense;
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
тайно
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
и
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
И
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
или
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
поддержания
maintenanceofadefinitemodeof
жизни
lifeForexample,thatthecertainis
стоит
worthmorethantheuncertain,
что
thatillusionislessvaluable
чем
than"truth"suchvaluations,in
несмотря
spiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Нас
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,
такие
suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
поддержания
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
просто
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
здесь
here,perhaps,thatournew
язык
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
вопрос
questionis,howfaran
мнение
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
возможно
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
принадлежат
belong),arethemostindispensableto
нас
us,thatwithoutarecognitionof
логических
logicalfictions,withoutacomparisonofreality
с
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
и
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
жизни
life,anegationoflife.
TO
Признать
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Жизни
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthe
традиционные
traditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
образом
manner,andaphilosophywhichventuresto
сделать
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
и
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
и
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
открытие
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
часто
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
и
andlosetheirway,inshort,
как
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealing
с
withthem,whereastheyallraisea
громкий
loudandvirtuousoutcrywhenthe
проблема
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
все
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
и
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
холодной
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
отличие
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,
которые
who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
самом деле
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
или
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
и
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
после
aftertheevent.
Theyare
все
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
обычно
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Очень
VERYfarfromhavingthe
совести
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
очень
veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoesso
далеко
farastoletthisbeunderstood,
возможно
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,
или
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
одинаково
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
ведут
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
улыбаться
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
и
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
и
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
перевести
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
ужас
terroratonceintothe
сердце
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
взгляд
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
и
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecome
ясно
cleartomewhateverygreat
философия
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,the
исповедь
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntary
и
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)
цель
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichtheentire
растение
planthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
понять
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
всегда
alwayswell(andwise)to
сначала
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
верю
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;
но
butthatanotherimpulse,hereas
других
elsewhere,hasonlymadeuseof
знание
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
в
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
с
withaviewtodetermininghowfarthey
могут
mayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Или
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfind
что
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatone
время
timeoranother,andthat
каждый
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
и
andthelegitimateLORDover
все
alltheotherimpulses.
For
каждый
everyimpulseisimperious,andas
Такой
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
конечно
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
случае
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
может
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
там
theretheremayreallybesucha
вещь
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
небольшой
small,independentclock-work,which,when
хорошо
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.
The
фактические
actual"interests"ofthescholar,
следовательно
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
возможно
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
находится
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointof
исследования
researchhislittlemachineisplaced,
и
andwhetherthehopefulyoung
работник
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
или
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
или
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthe
напротив
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
и
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecided
и
anddecisivetestimonyasto
Кто
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandto
друг
eachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
могут
canbe!
Iknowof
ничего
nothingmorestingingthanthe
шутка
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
и
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginal
смысле
sense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
и
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
сказать
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
ничего
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
И
Andthelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
это
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
и
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
Он
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
и
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
возможно
perhapsoutofrageandambitious
зависти
envyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetooka
сто
hundredyearstofindout
кто
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Есть
Thereisapointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
или
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Жить
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
обман
fraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
или
orconsideration,withoutpityor
справедливости
justice,atoncefruitfulandbarren
и
anduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Безразличие
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
жить
liveinaccordancewithsuch
безразличие
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
просто
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
чем
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
И
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
соответствии
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"living
соответствии
accordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Почему
Whyshouldyoumakea
принцип
principleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
и
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
совсем
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoread
с
withrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,you
хотите
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
и
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
хотите
wishtodictateyourmorals
и
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
и
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbe
Природа
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
и
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,eternalglorification
и
andgeneralismofStoicism!
With
все
allyourlovefortruth,you
есть
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
и
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
видеть
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare
не
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
все
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Потому что
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
также
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoica
Частью
PARTofNature?...
Butthisisanold
и
andeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
со
withtheStoicsstillhappens
сегодня
today,assoonasevera
философия
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
всегда
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdo
иначе
otherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannical
импульс
impulseitself,themostspiritualWillto
Власти
Power,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
и
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,
с
withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
и
andtheapparentworld"isdealt
с
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
и
andattention;
andhewhohears
только
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthe
заднем плане
background,andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
похвастаться
boastofthesharpestears.
In
редких
rareandisolatedcases,itmay
действительно
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
и
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
амбиция
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
всегда
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
могут
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
совести
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasure
ничего
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
то
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
и
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
души
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
добродетель
virtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
с
withstrongerandlivelierthinkers
которые
whoarestilleagerfor
жизни
life.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
и
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodies
о
aboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
и
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessionto
убежать
escape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmore
твердо
firmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenot
действительно
reallytryingtowinback
то
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
то
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
возможно
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
жить
livebetter,thatisto
говорят
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
чем
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinall
что
thathasbeenconstructedyesterday
и
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
и
andscorn,whichcannolonger
терпеть
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvaried
происхождения
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthe
рынок
market;
adisgustofthe
более
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
и
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
ничего
nothingeithernewortrue,
кроме
exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagree
с
withthoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
дня
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
нас
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
что
thattheywishtogo"back,"but
что
thattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
немного
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
и
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
повсюду
everywhereanattemptatpresentto
отвлечь
divertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
и
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
ценность
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstand
первую очередь
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;
с
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
вещь
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
имени
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstand
это
this"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
что
thathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
the
развитие
developmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydepended
тем не менее
neverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyounger
поколения
generationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
что
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatis
самом деле
reallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
к сожалению
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
но
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
с
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
и
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
такой
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
и
andthejubilationreachedits
апогея
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
что
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Thencamethe
медовый месяц
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.
All
в
theyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwent
немедленно
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
И
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
и
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themalicious
фея
fairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
отличить
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristened
его
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthe
естественно
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
и
andeccentricmovement(whichwas
самом деле
reallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
и
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeit
всерьез
seriously,oreventreatit
с
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
мир
worldgrewolder,andthe
мечта
dreamvanished.
Atimecame
когда
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
и
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Люди
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirst
и
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
или
oratleastmeantto
сказать
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
объяснение
explanation?
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Как
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
именно
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
доктор
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
принадлежат
belongtotherealmofcomedy,
и
anditishightimeto
заменить
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyis
вера
beliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
время
timethatweshouldunderstand
что
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthe
ради
sakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughthey
все еще
stillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Или
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
грубо
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
не
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Только
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
вера
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
жизнь
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
надеюсь
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
всю
wholeofEurope,thereis
нет
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
и
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
все
allnations,tofindan
противоядие
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelast
века
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...