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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Russian A1 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Russian A1 Translation Books

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
все
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
понять
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
и
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
и
andunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
и
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
с
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
For
есть
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
все
alldogmaliesontheground—nay
более
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Но
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthat
все
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
и
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
может
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
и
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
время
timeisathandwhenit
будет
willbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
и
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
возможно
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
и
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
возможно
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
или
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
очень
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
только
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyin
до сих пор
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
вероятно
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
и
andpatiencehavebeenspent
чем
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
и
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
и
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
сердце
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
все
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
земле
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
и
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessed
что
thattheworst,themosttiresome,
и
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
и
andtheGoodinItself.
Но
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
когда
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
может
canagaindrawbreathfreely
и
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
мы
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
истины
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
жизни
life,tospeakofSpirit
и
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
них
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
действительно
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterall
в
acorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Но
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
и
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
против
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
с
withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecan
теперь
nowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
это
thistensionasastateofdistress,
и
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
и
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
с
withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
и
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitabout
что
thatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
них
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Но
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
даже
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
и
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveit
все еще
still,allthedistressofspirit
и
andallthetensionofitsbow!
И
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
и
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
все
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
с
withrespect,whatquestionshas
эта
thisWilltoTruthnotlaid
перед
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
уже
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,
и
andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
этот
thisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Кто
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHAT
самом деле
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
нас
us?
Infactwemadea
долго
longhaltatthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstill
перед
beforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
о
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
что
thatwewantthetruth:
Почему
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Даже
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueof
истины
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselves
перед
beforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
здесь
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
и
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelieved
что
thatitatlastseemstousasifthe
проблема
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
раньше
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
и
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
есть
thereisriskinraising
его
it,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
или
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewilltodeception?
или
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
или
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Такой
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemust
иметь
haveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
мире
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
и
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Но
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
и
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,
этот
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
то
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurred
даже
eventothewariestofthemtodoubt
здесь
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
и
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
и
andantithesesofvalueupon
что
whichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,
и
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
возможно
possiblethatahigherand
более
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
и
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
возможно
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegood
и
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
и
andcrochetedtotheseevil
и
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
с
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
которые
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswill
иметь
haveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseof
тех
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
И
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
вижу
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
и
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
долго
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
часть
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
и
anditissoeveninthe
случае
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
здесь
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
о
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
мало
littleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocess
и
andprocedureofheredity,justas
мало
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
thegreater
часть
partoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
и
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
И
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
или
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeof
жизни
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmore
чем
thantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluable
чем
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Нас
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,
такие
suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeings
такие
suchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
просто
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
здесь
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
вопрос
questionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
возможно
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensableto
нас
us,thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,withoutacomparisonofreality
с
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
и
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
жизни
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Жизни
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerousmanner,
и
andaphilosophywhichventuresto
сделать
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
и
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
и
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
как
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
и
andeasilytheymakemistakes
и
andlosetheirway,inshort,
как
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealing
с
withthem,whereastheyallraisealoud
и
andvirtuousoutcrywhenthe
проблема
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
все
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
и
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
холодной
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrastto
все
allsortsofmystics,who,fairer
и
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
самом деле
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
или
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
и
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
после
aftertheevent.
Theyare
все
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Очень
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
это
thistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoesso
далеко
farastoletthisbeunderstood,
возможно
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,
или
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,equallystiff
и
anddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofind
не
nosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
и
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
и
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
и
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
сердце
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
и
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecome
ясно
cleartomewhateverygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
и
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
и
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
все
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthas
всегда
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
как
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
всегда
alwayswell(andwise)to
сначала
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
верю
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;
но
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
только
onlymadeuseofknowledge
И
(andmistakenknowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Но
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
с
withaviewtodetermininghowfarthey
могут
mayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Или
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfind
что
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatone
время
timeoranother,andthat
каждый
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
и
andthelegitimateLORDover
все
alltheotherimpulses.
For
каждый
everyimpulseisimperious,andas
Такой
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
конечно
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
случае
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
может
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
там
theretheremayreallybesucha
вещь
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
небольшой
small,independentclock-work,which,when
хорошо
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyin
совсем
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
возможно
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
находится
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,
и
andwhetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
или
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
или
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
ничего
nothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecided
и
anddecisivetestimonyasto
Кто
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandto
друг
eachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
могут
canbe!
Iknowof
ничего
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
и
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
и
andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
и
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
сказать
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
ничего
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
И
Andthelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
это
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
и
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
Он
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
и
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
возможно
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
кто
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Есть
Thereisapointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
или
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Жить
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
или
orconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
и
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
жить
liveinaccordancewithsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
просто
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
чем
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
И
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Почему
Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
и
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
совсем
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoread
с
withrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,you
хотите
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
и
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
хотите
wishtodictateyourmorals
и
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
и
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
и
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,eternalglorification
и
andgeneralismofStoicism!
With
все
allyourlovefortruth,you
есть
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
и
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
видеть
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare
не
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
все
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Потому что
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
также
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoica
Частью
PARTofNature?...
Butthisisanold
и
andeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
со
withtheStoicsstillhappens
сегодня
today,assoonaseveraphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
всегда
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themostspiritualWillto
Власти
Power,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
и
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,
с
withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
и
andtheapparentworld"isdealt
с
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
и
andattention;
andhewhohears
только
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
и
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
и
andisolatedcases,itmay
действительно
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
и
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
всегда
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
могут
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
которые
whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasure
ничего
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
то
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
и
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsuchavirtue
может
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
с
withstrongerandlivelierthinkers
которые
whoarestilleagerfor
жизни
life.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
и
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodies
о
aboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
и
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmly
чем
thaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenot
действительно
reallytryingtowinback
то
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
то
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
возможно
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
жить
livebetter,thatisto
говорят
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
чем
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinall
что
thathasbeenconstructedyesterday
и
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
и
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
adisgustofthe
более
morerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
и
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
ничего
nothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagree
с
withthoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
дня
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
нас
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
что
thattheywishtogo"back,"but
что
thattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
немного
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
и
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
ItseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
и
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
с
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
вещь
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstand
это
this"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
что
thathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopment
и
andrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
и
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
если
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
что
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatis
самом деле
reallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,
но
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
с
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
и
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
такой
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
и
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
когда
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
что
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
ThencamethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Все
Alltheyoungtheologiansof
в
theTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyinto
в
thegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
И
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
и
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
и
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
между
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristened
его
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
и
andeccentricmovement(whichwas
самом деле
reallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
и
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,
или
oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Достаточно
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
и
andthedreamvanished.
A
время
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
и
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Люди
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirst
и
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
или
oratleastmeantto
сказать
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Anexplanation?
Или
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Как
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
доктор
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
и
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantian
вопрос
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefin
такие
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
время
timethatweshouldunderstand
что
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughthey
все еще
stillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Или
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
и
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
не
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Только
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
и
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
жизнь
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
надеюсь
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
всю
wholeofEurope,thereis
нет
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
и
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
все
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
все еще
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...