PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterrible
seriedade
seriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslast
suspiro
gasp.Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofia
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenonlyanobre
noblepuerilismandtyronism;andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthe
base
basisofsuchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:perhapssomepopular
superstição
superstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
engano
deceptiononthepartofgramática
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofveryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filosofia
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologia
astrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andpaciência
patiencehavebeenspentthanonanyreal
actualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitetura
architecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartof
humanidade
humanitywitheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshavefirsttovaguear
wanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
filosofia
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forexemplo
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybe
confessado
confessedthattheworst,themostcansativo
tiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinvenção
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreath
livremente
freelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserro
errorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthe
negação
denialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician:"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hadthe
perverso
wickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiastical
opressão
oppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),produziu
producedinEuropeamagnificenttensão
tensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywhereanteriormente
previously;withsuchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,the
Europeu
Europeanfeelsthistensionasastateofangústia
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansof
democrático
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidofliberdade
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermans
inventaram
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaram
inventedprinting.)Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,noreven
suficientemente
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,alltheangústia
distressofspiritandallthetensão
tensionofitsbow!Andperhapsalsothe
flecha
arrow,theduty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
tentará
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardly
começou
commenced.Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,lose
paciência
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadealong
parada
haltatthequestionastotheorigem
originofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayetmorefundamental
fundamentalquestion.WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
incerteza
uncertainty?Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobea
encontro
rendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogatório
interrogation.Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
erro
error?ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
engano
deception?orthegenerousdeedoutof
egoísmo
selfishness?orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Such
gênese
genesisisimpossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,
sedutor
seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthistumulto
turmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.Butratherinthe
colo
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodo
modeofreasoningdisclosesthetípico
typicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,thismodo
modeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlógico
logicalprocedure;throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheend
solenemente
solemnlychristened"theTruth."The
fundamental
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHECrença
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.Itnever
ocorreu
occurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereontheverylimiar
threshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmadea
solene
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Foritmaybedoubted,
em primeiro lugar
firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
selo
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,meramente
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanexpressão
expressioncurrentamongpainters.In
apesar
spiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherandmorefundamental
fundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeatribuído
assignedtopretence,tothewilltoilusão
delusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessencialmente
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
aguardar
awaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveothertastesandinclinations,theinverso
reverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.Andtospeakinall
seriedade
seriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartof
consciente
consciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissoeveninthecaseoffilosófico
philosophicalthinking;onehasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesinto
consideração
considerationinthewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivo
decisivesense;thegreaterpartofthe
consciente
consciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretamente
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.Andbehindall
lógica
logicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmoreclaramente
plainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemanutenção
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmorethantheincerto
uncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inapesar
spiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemanutenção
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objeção
objectiontoit:itishere,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmost
estranhamente
strangely.Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatwithoutareconhecimento
recognitionoflogicalfictions,withoutacomparação
comparisonofrealitywiththepuramente
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluto
absoluteandimmutable,withoutaconstante
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.TO
Reconhecer
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
maneira
manner,andaphilosophywhichaventura
venturestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descoberta
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisealoudandvirtuoso
virtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinely
indiferente
indifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposição
proposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgeralmente
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
geralmente
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciência
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendorinimigo
foe,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.The
espetáculo
spectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,igualmente
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorretamente
correctlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisfilosofia
philosophyinmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totraduzir
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerror
terroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaolhar
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusetrai
betray!6.
Ithasgraduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreat
filosofia
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfissão
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandinconsciente
unconsciousauto-biography;andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposeineveryfilosofia
philosophyhasconstitutedthetruevital
vitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
filósofo
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirstaskoneself:"What
moralidade
moralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"Consequentemente
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatheroffilosofia
philosophy;butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asan
instrumento
instrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewto
determinar
determininghowfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveallpracticedfilosofia
philosophyatonetimeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistência
existenceandthelegitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.Forevery
impulso
impulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseofreallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
theretheremayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,
independente
independentclock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthe
estudioso
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,infact,almost
indiferente
indifferentatwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,andwhethertheesperançoso
hopefulyoungworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomespecialista
specialist,orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;andaboveall,his
moralidade
moralityfurnishesadecidedanddecisivo
decisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
IknowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthe
liberdade
libertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
genuíno
genuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).Andthe
último
latterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewas
irritado
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
raiva
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointinevery
filosofia
philosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthefilósofo
philosopherappearsonthescene;or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideração
consideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfulandestéril
barrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Indiferença
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouliveinacordo
accordancewithsuchindifference?Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,being
injusto
unjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?Andgrantedthatyour
imperativo
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDiferente
DIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyoumakea
princípio
principleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,andmustbe?Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
cânone
canonofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrário
contrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishto
ditar
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;you
insiste
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavasta
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coroar
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Butthisisanoldand
eterna
everlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasevera
filosofia
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofia
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themostespiritual
spiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrareandisolatedcases,itmayreallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagante
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambição
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersa
punhado
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
consciência
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanincerto
uncertainsomething.ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
virtude
virtuemaydisplay.Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
aparência
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyclassificam
rankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilidade
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestposse
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmemente
firmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasanteriormente
formerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheolddomínio
domainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthis
modo
modeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstruído
constructedyesterdayandtoday;thereisperhapssome
ligeira
slightadmixtureofsatietyanddesprezo
scorn,whichcannolongersuportar
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigem
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;a
desgosto
disgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinto
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,and
artístico
artisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
desviar
divertattentionfromtheactualinfluência
influencewhichKantexercisedonGermanfilosofia
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
nome
behalfofmetaphysics."Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudofhaving
Descoberto
DISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefaculdade
facultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.Grantingthathe
enganou
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;the
desenvolvimento
developmentandrapidflourishingofGermanfilosofia
philosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodescobrir
discoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
exibição
displayofGermanprofundityandverbal
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
prazer
delightoverthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclímax
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoral
moralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestillmoral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Thencamethe
mel
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
instituição
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstill
jovem
youthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguir
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Abovealla
faculdade
facultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturalmente
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantand
excêntrico
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisfarçar
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,oreventreatitwithmoral
moralindignation.Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,andthedream
desapareceu
vanished.Atimecamewhenpeople
esfregam
rubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillesfregam
rubthemtoday.Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleastmeanttosay.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
explicação
explanation?Orisitnotrather
apenas
merelyarepetitionofthequestion?Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
responde
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realmofcomedy,anditishightimetosubstituir
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"byanotherquestion,"Whyis
crença
beliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservação
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;thoughtheystillmight
naturalmente
naturallybefalsejudgments!Or,more
claramente
plainlyspoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehavenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
crença
beliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblecrença
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiva
perspectiveviewoflife.Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGerman
filosofia
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuosos
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tofindanantídoto
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...