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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Portuguese A1-B2 Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Portuguese A1-B2 Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
uma
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
suspeitar
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
entender
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
e
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
e
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
uma
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
nunca
neverallowedherselftobe
ganha
won;
andatpresentevery
tipo
kindofdogmastandswith
triste
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsat
todo
all!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
caiu
fallen,thatalldogmalieson
o
theground—naymore,thatitisatits
último
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
sério
seriously,therearegoodgroundsfor
esperar
hopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofia
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
e
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
possa
mayhavebeenonlya
nobre
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
and
provavelmente
probablythetimeisathandwhenit
foi
willbeonceandagain
compreendido
understoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthe
base
basisofsuchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
talvez
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tempo
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,
que
which,intheformof
sujeito
subject-
andego-superstition,hasnot
ainda
yetceaseddoingmischief):
perhaps
alguns
someplayuponwords,a
engano
deceptiononthepartof
gramática
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
muito
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofia
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
esperar
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswas
astrologia
astrologyinstillearliertimes,inthe
serviço
serviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,
ouro
gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
qualquer
anyactualsciencehitherto:
we
devemos
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
e
andEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arquitetura
architecture.
Itseemsthatin
fim
ordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
coração
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
todas as
allgreatthingshavefirstto
vaguear
wanderabouttheearthasenormous
e
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
tem
hasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—for
exemplo
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
e
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
embora
althoughitmustcertainlybe
confessado
confessedthattheworst,the
mais
mosttiresome,andthemost
perigoso
dangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
um
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Puro
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Mas
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
quando
whenEurope,ridofthis
pesadelo
nightmare,canagaindrawbreath
livremente
freelyandatleastenjoy
um
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
toda
allthestrengthwhichthe
luta
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
e
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
fundamental
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakof
Espírito
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeof
deles
them;
indeedonemightask,asa
médico
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
atacou
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Had
o
thewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafter
tudo
allacorrupterofyouths,
e
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
luta
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
e
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contra
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Para
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produziu
producedinEuropeamagnificent
tensão
tensionofsoul,suchashadnot
existia
existedanywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrained
arco
bowonecannowaimat
os
thefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,
o
theEuropeanfeelsthistensionas
um
astateofdistress,and
duas vezes
twiceattemptshavebeenmadein
grande
grandstyletounbendthe
arco
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
e
andthesecondtimebymeansof
democrático
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
liberdade
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,
poderia
might,infact,bringitaboutthatthe
espírito
spiritwouldnotsoeasily
encontrasse
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventaram
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
mas
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventaram
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,noreven
suficientemente
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
e
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
temos
haveitstill,allthe
angústia
distressofspiritandallthe
tensão
tensionofitsbow!
And
talvez
perhapsalsothearrow,the
dever
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Capítulo
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Vontade
WilltoTruth,whichisto
tentará
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
todos
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
com
withrespect,whatquestionshas
esta
thisWilltoTruthnot
colocou
laidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
já
alreadyalongstory;
yetit
parece
seemsasifitwerehardly
começou
commenced.
Isitanywonder
se
ifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdemos
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Que
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
perguntas
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
realmente
reallythatputsquestionstous
aqui
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nós
us?
Infactwemadealong
parada
haltatthequestionastothe
origem
originofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforea
ainda
yetmorefundamentalquestion.
We
perguntamos
inquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
que
thatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
E
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problema
problemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbefore
o
theproblem?
Whichofusis
o
theOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
parece
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
e
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
pode
coulditbebelievedthatitatlast
parece
seemstousasifthe
problema
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
antes
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
e
andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
risco
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereis
não
nogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Poderia
COULDanythingoriginateoutofits
oposto
opposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
erro
error?
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthe
vontade
willtodeception?
orthegenerous
ação
deedoutofselfishness?
or
a
thepuresun-brightvisionof
a
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Tal
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
sonha
dreamsofitisafool,nay,
pior
worsethanafool;
thingsof
as
thehighestvaluemusthavea
diferente
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,
sedutor
seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthis
tumulto
turmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
ter
havetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
colo
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Deus
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
fonte
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
revela
disclosesthetypicalprejudiceby
qual
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
podem
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthe
trás
backofalltheirlogical
procedimento
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
algo
somethingthatisinthe
fim
endsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
A
Thefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
A
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nunca
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
dúvida
doubthereonthevery
limiar
threshold(wheredoubt,however,was
mais
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
um
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
pode
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
existem
existatall;
andsecondly,
se
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
valor
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
selo
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
meramente
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
provavelmente
probablymadefromsomecorner,
talvez
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
emprestar
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
todo
allthevaluewhichmay
pertencer
belongtothetrue,the
positivo
positive,andtheunselfish,it
pode
mightbepossiblethatahigher
e
andmorefundamentalvaluefor
vida
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
vontade
willtodelusion,toselfishness,
e
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
possível
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
valor
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
precisamente
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
relacionadas
related,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevil
e
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
essencialmente
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Mas
Butwhowishestoconcernhimself
com
withsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
que
thatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nova
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswill
terão
haveothertastesandinclinations,the
inverso
reverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
perigoso
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
termo
term.
Andtospeakin
toda
allseriousness,Iseesuch
novos
newphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Tendo
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
e
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
tempo
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthe
maior
greaterpartofconsciousthinking
deve
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
e
anditissoeveninthe
caso
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
one
tem
hasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
sobre
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
pouco
littleastheactof
nascimento
birthcomesintoconsiderationin
o
thewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
pouco
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
o
theinstinctiveinanydecisive
sentido
sense;
thegreaterpartof
a
theconsciousthinkingofa
filósofo
philosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
e
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
E
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming
soberania
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
ou
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
manutenção
maintenanceofadefinitemodeof
vida
lifeForexample,thatthe
certo
certainisworthmorethanthe
incerto
uncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"
tais
suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulative
importância
importanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbe
apenas
onlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,
tais
suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
manutenção
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supondo
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
apenas
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
uma
anopinionisnotforusany
objeção
objectiontoit:
itis
aqui
here,perhaps,thatournew
língua
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
questão
questionis,howfaran
opinião
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
talvez
perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fundamentalmente
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
pertencem
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,that
sem
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sem
withoutacomparisonofreality
com
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
absoluto
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
constante
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,
homem
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
vida
life,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconhecer
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Vida
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
valor
valueinadangerousmanner,
e
andaphilosophywhichventuresto
fazê
doso,hastherebyalone
colocou
placeditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
e
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
descoberta
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
frequentemente
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
e
andlosetheirway,inshort,
quão
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
suficiente
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereasthey
todos
allraisealoudand
virtuoso
virtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
mesmo
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
todos
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinions
tivessem
hadbeendiscoveredandattained
através
throughtheself-evolvingofa
fria
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
contraste
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
e
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
fato
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
ou
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
desejo
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythem
com
withargumentssoughtoutafterthe
evento
event.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
geralmente
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Muito
VERYfarfromhavingthe
consciência
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
muito
veryfarfromhavingthegood
gosto
tasteofthecouragewhich
vai
goessofarasto
deixar
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
avisar
warnfriendorfoe,orin
alegre
cheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
The
espetáculo
spectacleoftheTartufferyof
velho
oldKant,equallystiffand
decente
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
levam
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
sorrir
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementin
espiar
spyingoutthesubtletricksof
velho
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Ou
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matemática
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
tem
has,asitwere,cladhis
filosofia
philosophyinmailandmask—in
fato
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traduzir
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—in
fim
ordertherebytostriketerrorat
assim
onceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshould
ousasse
daretocastaglanceonthat
invencível
invinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
e
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
um
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
gradualmente
graduallybecomecleartomewhatevery
grande
greatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,the
confissão
confessionofitsoriginator,and
uma
aspeciesofinvoluntaryand
inconsciente
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofia
philosophyhasconstitutedthetrue
vital
vitalgermoutofwhichtheentire
planta
planthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
entender
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
um
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
sempre
alwayswell(andwise)to
primeiro
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Consequentemente
Accordingly,Idonotbelieve
que
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"is
o
thefatherofphilosophy;
but
que
thatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
só
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistaken
conhecimento
knowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Butwhoever
considera
considersthefundamentalimpulsesof
homem
manwithaviewto
determinar
determininghowfartheymay
ter
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Ou
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfind
que
thattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofia
philosophyatonetimeoranother,
e
andthateachoneofthemwould
ter
havebeenonlytoogladto
olhar
lookuponitselfastheultimateendof
existência
existenceandthelegitimateLORD
sobre
overalltheotherimpulses.
For
cada
everyimpulseisimperious,andas
Tal
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
certeza
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
caso
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
pode
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyou
quiser
will;
theretheremayreallybe
tal
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
espécie
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
quando
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothat
fim
end,WITHOUTtherestof
o
thescholarlyimpulsestakingany
material
materialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"of
os
thescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—in
os
thefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,
ou
orinpolitics;
itis,in
fato
fact,almostindifferentatwhat
ponto
pointofresearchhislittle
máquina
machineisplaced,andwhether
o
thehopefulyoungworkerbecomes
um
agoodphilologist,amushroom
especialista
specialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
tornar
becomingthisorthat.
Inthe
filósofo
philosopher,onthecontrary,thereis
absolutamente
absolutelynothingimpersonal;
andabove
tudo
all,hismoralityfurnishesa
decidido
decidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
ordem
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
natureza
naturestandtoeachother.
7.
Quão
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
conheço
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthe
piada
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
fazer
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
chamou
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
original
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,
a
thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
e
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
dizer
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
nada
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
popular
popularnameforanactor).
E
Andthelatterisreally
a
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
irritado
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscene
estilo
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
qual
whichEpicuruswasnota
mestre
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
sentava
satconcealedinhislittle
jardim
gardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,
talvez
perhapsoutofrageandambitious
inveja
envyofPlato,whoknows!
Greece
levou
tookahundredyearstofindout
quem
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
um
apointineveryphilosophyat
que
whichthe"conviction"ofthe
filósofo
philosopherappearsonthescene;
ou
or,toputitin
as
thewordsofanancient
mistério
mystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
deseja
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
um
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagante
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
ou
orconsideration,withoutpityor
justiça
justice,atoncefruitfuland
estéril
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Indiferença
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
viver
liveinaccordancewithsuch
indiferença
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
apenas
justendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthis
Natureza
Nature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,
preferindo
preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
diferente
different?
Andgrantedthatyour
imperativo
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
significa
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
poderia
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
fazer
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
são
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,
porém
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
enquanto
whileyoupretendtoread
com
withrapturethecanonofyour
lei
lawinNature,youwant
algo
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
e
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
desejam
wishtodictateyourmorals
e
andidealstoNature,to
Natureza
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insiste
insistthatitshallbe
Natureza
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
e
andwouldlikeeverythingtobe
feito
madeafteryourownimage,as
uma
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Com
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhave
forçaram
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
e
andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytosee
Natureza
NatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare
não
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
coroar
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
dá
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Porque
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
sobre
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
também
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
sobre
over:
isnottheStoic
uma
aPARTofNature?...
But
esta
thisisanoldand
eterna
everlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
com
withtheStoicsstillhappens
hoje
today,assoonasever
uma
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
sempre
alwayscreatestheworldinitsown
imagem
image;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofia
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
mais
mostspiritualWilltoPower,the
vontade
willto"creationoftheworld,"the
vontade
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
e
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
diria
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problema
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
com
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
alimento
foodforthoughtandattention;
e
andhewhohearsonly
uma
a"WilltoTruth"inthe
fundo
background,andnothingelse,cannot
certamente
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
In
raros
rareandisolatedcases,it
pode
mayreallyhavehappenedthat
tal
suchaWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagante
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambição
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichinthe
final
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
um
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
pode
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
consciência
conscience,whoprefertoputtheir
última
lasttrustinasure
nada
nothing,ratherthaninan
incerto
uncertainsomething.
ButthatisNihilism,
e
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
alma
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
tal
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
parece
seems,however,tobeotherwise
com
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
ainda
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
aparência
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
classificam
rankthecredibilityoftheir
próprio
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthe
credibilidade
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"the
terra
earthstandsstill,"andthus,
aparentemente
apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
posse
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
acredita
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sabe
knowsiftheyarenot
realmente
reallytryingtowinback
algo
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
posse
possession,somethingoftheold
domínio
domainofthefaithofformertimes,
talvez
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
poderiam
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,
mais
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeof
olhar
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
tudo
allthathasbeenconstructed
ontem
yesterdayandtoday;
thereis
talvez
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
e
andscorn,whichcannolonger
suportar
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
mais
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
lança
throwsonthemarket;
a
desgosto
disgustofthemorerefined
gosto
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
e
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
nada
nothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
parece
seemstomethatwe
devemos
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
e
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
dias
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nos
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
que
thattheywishtogo"back,"
mas
butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Um
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
coragem
courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
It
parece
seemstomethatthereiseverywhere
uma
anattemptatpresentto
desviar
divertattentionfromtheactual
influência
influencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofia
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
valor
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstandforemost
orgulhoso
proudofhisTableofCategories;
com
withitinhishandhe
disse
said:
"Thisisthemost
difícil
difficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
nome
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
apenas
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
orgulhoso
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
nova
newfacultyinman,the
faculdade
facultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
que
thathedeceivedhimselfinthis
assunto
matter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofia
philosophydependedneverthelessonhis
orgulho
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
jovem
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
possível
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobe
ainda
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
pergunta
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
resposta
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
infelizmente
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
mas
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
com
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
e
andverbalflourishes,thatone
completamente
altogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
resposta
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
com
withdelightoverthisnew
faculdade
faculty,andthejubilationreachedits
clímax
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
uma
amoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestill
moral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
veio
camethehoneymoonofGerman
filosofia
philosophy.
Alltheyoungtheologiansof
os
theTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyinto
os
thegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
E
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
inocente
innocent,rich,andstillyouthful
período
periodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themalicious
fada
fairy,pipedandsang,whenone
podia
couldnotyetdistinguishbetween"finding"
e
and"inventing"!
Abovealla
faculdade
facultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelectual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthe
mais
mostearnestlongingsofthe
naturalmente
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
fazer
donogreaterwrongtothe
todo
wholeofthisexuberantand
excêntrico
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
disfarçar
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
e
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeit
sério
seriously,oreventreatit
com
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
mundo
worldgrewolder,andthe
sonho
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
pessoas
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
ainda
stillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeen
sonhar
dreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
um
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
ou
oratleastmeantto
dizer
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Uma
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrather
apenas
merelyarepetitionofthe
pergunta
question?
Howdoesopiuminduce
sono
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
responde
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Mas
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
reino
realmofcomedy,anditishigh
hora
timetoreplacetheKantian
pergunta
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
outra
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefin
tais
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
hora
timethatweshouldunderstandthat
tais
suchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
preservação
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
embora
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Ou
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
grosseiramente
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
deveriam
shouldnot"bepossible"at
tudo
all;
wehavenorightto
eles
them;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Apenas
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausible
crença
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtothe
perspectiva
perspectiveviewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
espero
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—has
exerceu
exercisedthroughoutthewholeof
Europa
Europe,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVA
teve
hadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofia
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,the
virtuosos
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
e
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
todas as
allnations,tofindan
antídoto
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
passado
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...