CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
Inthe
ano
year1878ItookmydegreeofDoutor
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,e
andproceededtoNetleytofui
gothroughthecourseprescribedforsurgeonsinthearmy.Tendo
Havingcompletedmystudiesthere,IwasdulyattachedtotheFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthetime,
e
andbeforeIcouldjoinit,thesecondAfghanguerra
warhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,I
soube
learnedthatmycorpshadadvancedatravés
throughthepasses,andwasjá
alreadydeepintheenemy’spaís
country.Ifollowed,however,with
muitos
manyotherofficerswhowereinthemesma
samesituationasmyself,andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,onde
whereIfoundmyregiment,e
andatonceentereduponmynovos
newduties.Thecampaignbroughthonours
e
andpromotiontomany,butformeithadnada
nothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
e
andattachedtotheBerkshires,com
withwhomIservedatthefatalbattleofMaiwand.Lá
ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderbyuma
aJezailbullet,whichshatteredthebonee
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.Ishould
teria
havefallenintothehandsofas
themurderousGhazishaditnotbeenforas
thedevotionandcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,whothrewmeacrossum
apack-horse,andsucceededintrazer
bringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Worn
com
withpain,andweakfromo
theprolongedhardshipswhichItinha
hadundergone,Iwasremoved,com
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,too
thebasehospitalatPeshawar.Aqui
HereIrallied,andhadjá
alreadyimprovedsofarastobecapaz
abletowalkaboutthewards,e
andeventobaskapouco
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,que
thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
vida
lifewasdespairedof,andquando
whenatlastIcametomyselfe
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweake
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedque
thatnotadayshouldbeperdido
lostinsendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
e
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,com
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,mas
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthenextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.I
tinha
hadneitherkithnorkininEngland,e
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—oraslivre
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingse
andsixpenceadaywillpermitahomem
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,that
grande
greatcesspoolintowhichallos
theloungersandidlersofos
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Lá
ThereIstayedforsometempo
timeataprivatehotelino
theStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,e
andspendingsuchmoneyasItinha
had,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarming
fazer
didthestateofmyfinancestornou
become,thatIsoonrealizedque
thatImusteitherleavethemetropolise
andrusticatesomewhereinthecampo
country,orthatImustfazer
makeacompletealterationinmystyleofmorar
living.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganbymakingupmymindto
deixar
leavethehotel,andtotakeupmyquartersinsomelesspretentiouse
andlessexpensivedomicile.Onthevery
dia
daythatIhadcometoessa
thisconclusion,IwasstandingattheCriterionBar,quando
whensomeonetappedmeontheshoulder,e
andturningroundIrecognizedjovem
youngStamford,whohadbeenadresserdebaixo
undermeatBarts.Thesightofafriendly
rosto
faceinthegreatwildernessofLondonisapleasantcoisa
thingindeedtoalonelyhomem
man.InolddaysStamford
tinha
hadneverbeenaparticularcronyofmeu
mine,butnowIhailedhimcom
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhisturn,appearedtobedelightedtover
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,I
pedi
askedhimtolunchwithmeattheHolborn,e
andwestartedofftogetherinum
ahansom.“Whateverhaveyoubeen
fazer
doingwithyourself,Watson?”he
perguntou
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattledthroughas
thecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
uma
alathandasbrownasuma
anut.”Igavehim
um
ashortsketchofmyadventures,e
andhadhardlyconcludeditbyo
thetimethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
disse
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadouvido
listenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”I
respondi
answered.“Tryingtosolvethe
problema
problemastowhetheritispossível
possibletogetcomfortableroomsatum
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youare
o
thesecondmanto-daythathasusou
usedthatexpressiontome.”“And
quem
whowasthefirst?”I
perguntei
asked.“Afellowwhois
trabalhar
workingatthechemicallaboratoryupatthehospital
hospital.Hewasbemoaninghimself
esta
thismorningbecausehecouldnotconseguir
getsomeonetogohalvescom
withhiminsomeniceroomsque
whichhehadfound,andque
whichweretoomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
realmente
reallywantssomeonetosharetheroomse
andtheexpense,Iamtheveryhomem
manforhim.Ishouldprefer
ter
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Jovem
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmesobre
overhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
conhece
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hedisse
said;“perhapsyouwouldnot
importasses
careforhimasaconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatisthere
contra
againsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
disse
saytherewasanythingagainstele
him.Heisalittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastin
alguns
somebranchesofscience.AsfarasI
sei
knowheisadecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
disse
saidI.“No—Ihavenoideawhatheintendstogoinfor.
I
acredito
believeheiswellupinanatomy,e
andheisafirst-classchemist;mas
but,asfarasIsei
know,hehasnevertakenoutanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesareverydesultory
e
andeccentric,buthehasamassedum
alotofout-of-thewayknowledgeque
whichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
nunca
neveraskhimwhathewasia
goinginfor?”Iasked.
“No;
heisnot
um
amanthatitisfácil
easytodrawout,thoughhepossa
canbecommunicativeenoughwhenthefancyseizeshim.”“Ishouldliketomeethim,”I
disse
said.“IfIamtolodge
com
withanyone,Ishouldpreferum
amanofstudiousandquiethabits.Iamnotstrong
suficiente
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseou
orexcitement.Ihadenoughof
ambos
bothinAfghanistantolastmeforo
theremainderofmynaturalexistence.Como
HowcouldImeetthisamigo
friendofyours?”“Heis
certeza
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“Heeitheravoids
o
theplaceforweeks,orelsehetrabalha
workstherefrommorningtonight.Se
Ifyoulike,weshalldriveroundjuntos
togetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”I
respondi
answered,andtheconversationdriftedawayintooutros
otherchannels.Aswemadeourwaytothe
hospital
hospitalafterleavingtheHolborn,Stamforddeu
gavemeafewmoreparticularssobre
aboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtotomar
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
se
ifyoudon’tgetoncom
withhim,”hesaid;“I
sei
knownothingmoreofhimthanIhavelearnedfrommeetinghimoccasionallyino
thelaboratory.Youproposedthisarrangement,soyou
deve
mustnotholdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’tgetonitwillbe
fácil
easytopartcompany,”Irespondi
answered.“Itseemstome,Stamford,”Iadded,
olhando
lookinghardatmycompanion,“thatyoutem
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsoftheassunto
matter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
ou
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthed
sobre
aboutit.”“Itisnot
fácil
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”herespondeu
answeredwithalaugh.“Holmesis
um
alittletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
podia
couldimaginehisgivingaamigo
friendalittlepinchofthelatestvegetablealkaloid,notoutofmalevolence,youentende
understand,butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinfim
ordertohaveanaccurateideaoftheeffects.To
fazer
dohimjustice,Ithinkthathewouldtomaria
takeithimselfwiththemesma
samereadiness.Heappearsto
ter
haveapassionfordefinitee
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
mas
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Quando
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomscom
withastick,itiscertainlytomar
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beatingthesubjects!”
“Yes,toverifyhowfarbruises
podem
maybeproducedafterdeath.I
vi
sawhimatitwithmyowneyes.”“And
ainda
yetyousayheisnotum
amedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
sabe
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiessão
are.Buthereweare,
e
andyoumustformyourownimpressionssobre
abouthim.”Ashespoke,weturneddownanarrowlane
e
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,que
whichopenedintoawingofos
thegreathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
mim
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircasee
andmadeourwaydownthelongo
longcorridorwithitsvistaofwhitewashedwalle
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
extremidade
endalowarchedpassagebranchedawayfromite
andledtothechemicallaboratory.Esta
Thiswasaloftychamber,linede
andlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescatteredabout,
que
whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,e
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Therewas
apenas
onlyonestudentinthesala
room,whowasbendingoveradistanttableabsorbedinhistrabalho
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
e
andsprangtohisfeetcom
withacryofpleasure.“I’ve
encontrei
foundit!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,
correndo
runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhismão
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
que
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,e
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
uma
agoldmine,greaterdelightpoderia
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”
disse
saidStamford,introducingus.“Howareyou?”
he
disse
saidcordially,grippingmyhandcom
withastrengthforwhichIshouldhardlyteria
havegivenhimcredit.“YouhavebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”
“Howonearthdidyou
sabias
knowthat?”Iaskedinastonishment.
“Nevermind,”
disse
saidhe,chucklingtohimself.“The
questão
questionnowisabouthæmoglobin.Sem
Nodoubtyouseethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,
sem
nodoubt,”Ianswered,“butpractically——”.“Why,man,itisthe
mais
mostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
vês
seethatitgivesusum
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Venha
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmebythecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,
e
anddrewmeovertothetableatque
whichhehadbeenworking.“Letus
ter
havesomefreshblood,”hedisse
said,diggingalongbodkinintohisfinger,e
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofsangue
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
esta
thissmallquantityofbloodtoum
alitreofwater.Youperceive
que
thattheresultingmixturehasa
theappearanceofpurewater.A
Theproportionofbloodcannotbemorethanoneinamilhão
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,
que
thatweshallbeabletoobtainthecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
falava
spoke,hethrewintothevesselum
afewwhitecrystals,andthenaddedsomedropsofum
atransparentfluid.Inaninstant
o
thecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,e
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtoo
thebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
e
andlookingasdelightedasacriança
childwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyou
achas
thinkofthat?”“Itseemstobe
um
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
beautiful!
O
TheoldGuiacumtestwasmuito
veryclumsyanduncertain.Sois
o
themicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.As
Thelatterisvaluelessifas
thestainsareafewhoursidade
old.Now,thisappearstoactaswellwhether
o
thebloodisoldornovo
new.Hadthistestbeeninvented,therearehundredsofmen
agora
nowwalkingtheearthwhowouldlonghá
agohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhinginguponthatone
ponto
point.Amanissuspectedof
um
acrimemonthsperhapsafteritter
hasbeencommitted.Hislinen
ou
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponthem.Arethey
sangue
bloodstains,ormudstains,ou
orruststains,orfruitstains,ou
orwhatarethey?Thatisa
pergunta
questionwhichhaspuzzledmanyanexpert,e
andwhy?Becausetherewas
não
noreliabletest.Nowwe
temos
havetheSherlockHolmes’test,e
andtherewillnolongerbeanydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashe
falava
spoke,andheputhismão
handoverhisheartandbowedasse
iftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewas
o
thecaseofVonBischoffatFrankfortpassado
lastyear.Hewouldcertainlyhavebeen
enforcado
hunghadthistestbeeninexistence.ThentherewasMasonofBradford,
e
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,e
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
podia
couldnameascoreofcasesinwhichitwouldteria
havebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobeawalkingcalendarofcrime,”
disse
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
poderia
mightstartapaperonessas
thoselines.Callitthe‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.
“Veryinterestingreadingit
poderia
mightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickingum
asmallpieceofplasterovera
theprickonhisfinger.“I
ter
havetobecareful,”hecontinued,turningtomecom
withasmile,“forIdabblecom
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheldouthis
mão
handashespoke,andInoticedthatitwastudo
allmottledoverwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,e
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“Wecame
aqui
hereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sentando
sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,e
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectioncom
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
aqui
herewantstotakediggings,e
andasyouwerecomplainingque
thatyoucouldgetnoonetoir
gohalveswithyou,Ipensei
thoughtthatIhadbettertrazer
bringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedattheideaofsharinghisrooms
com
withme.“IhavemyeyeonasuiteinBakerStreet,”he
disse
said,“whichwouldsuitusaté
downtotheground.Youdon’t
importas
mindthesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“I
sempre
alwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Irespondi
answered.“That’sgoodenough.
Igenerally
tenho
havechemicalsabout,andoccasionallyfaço
doexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“Bynomeans.”
“Letmesee—whataremy
outras
othershortcomings.Igetinthedumpsattimes,
e
anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.You
deves
mustnotthinkIamsulkyquando
whenIdothat.Just
deixe
letmealone,andI’llsoonbecerto
right.Whathaveyoutoconfess
agora
now?It’sjustaswellfor
dois
twofellowstoknowtheworstofum
oneanotherbeforetheybegintoviver
livetogether.”Ilaughedatthiscross-examination.
“Ikeep
um
abullpup,”Isaid,“andIobjecttorowsporque
becausemynervesareshaken,e
andIgetupattodos
allsortsofungodlyhours,e
andIamextremelylazy.I
tenho
haveanothersetofvicesquando
whenI’mwell,butthoseareos
theprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
perguntou
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”I
respondi
answered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatfor
os
thegods—abadly-playedone——”.“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
com
withamerrylaugh.“I
acho
thinkwemayconsiderthecoisa
thingassettled—thatis,iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
veremos
seethem?”“Callforme
aqui
hereatnoonto-morrow,andwe’lliremos
gotogetherandsettleeverything,”herespondeu
answered.“Allright—noonexactly,”said
Eu
I,shakinghishand.Welefthim
trabalhar
workingamonghischemicals,andwecaminhamos
walkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“By
o
theway,”Iaskedsuddenly,parando
stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howo
thedeucedidheknowque
thatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
um
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthislittlepeculiarity,”he
disse
said.“Agoodmanypeoplehave
queriam
wantedtoknowhowhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
um
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
muito
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyouforbringingustogether.
‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
deve
muststudyhim,then,”Stamforddisse
said,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
achar
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhe
aprende
learnsmoreaboutyouthanyousobre
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.
A
THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.