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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Polish A1-B2 Learners

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Polish A1-B2 Learners

This progressive translation technique brings multiple benefits to language learners. It lets you choose the difficulty level that matches your abilities, making sure the material is challenging but not too difficult. By focusing on understanding words in context, this method boosts your comprehension skills. While direct translations are slightly hidden to promote guessing from context, you can always check unfamiliar words. This approach makes learning a new language both engaging and accessible, offering the right mix of difficulty and encouragement. Embark on a journey through translated classics and enjoy the process of learning through reading.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Is
nie
therenotgroundforsuspecting
że
thatallphilosophers,insofarasthey
ma
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
zrozumieć
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
i
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
ma
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Prawdy
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehas
nigdy nie
neverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresent
każdy
everykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
rzeczywiście
indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescoffers
którzy
whomaintainthatithasfallen,
że
thatalldogmaliesontheground—nay
więcej
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Ale
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
dobre
goodgroundsforhopingthat
wszystkie
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
uroczyste
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeen
tylko
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;
i
andprobablythetimeisathand
kiedy
whenitwillbeonce
i
andagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
i
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
może
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,
który
which,intheformof
podmiotu
subject-
andego-superstition,hasnot
jeszcze
yetceaseddoingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartof
gramatyki
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
bardzo
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
tylko
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
później
afterwards,aswasastrologyin
jeszcze
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
prawdopodobnie
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
i
andpatiencehavebeenspent
niż
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,the
wielki
grandstyleofarchitecture.
It
wydaje
seemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
sercu
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
wszystkie
allgreatthingshavefirstto
wędrować
wanderabouttheearthas
ogromne
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
tego
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
i
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
chociaż
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessed
że
thattheworst,themosttiresome,andthe
najbardziej
mostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
wynalazek
inventionofPureSpiritandthe
Dobra
GoodinItself.
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
może
canagaindrawbreathfreely
i
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
my
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthe
siły
strengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
prawdy
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
życia
life,tospeakofSpirit
i
andtheGoodasPlato
mówił
spokeofthem;
indeedonemight
zapytać
ask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
taka
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductof
starożytności
antiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
naprawdę
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
i
anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
i
andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Dla
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificent
napięcie
tensionofsoul,suchashadnotexisted
nigdzie
anywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
można
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatterof
rzeczywistości
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthis
napięcie
tensionasastateofdistress,
a
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthe
łuku
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthe
drugi
secondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
wolności
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,in
rzeczywistości
fact,bringitaboutthatthe
duch
spiritwouldnotsoeasily
znalazłby
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
wynaleźli
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
ale
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
wynaleźli
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
nawet
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
i
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
mamy
haveitstill,allthedistressof
ducha
spiritandallthetensionofits
łuku
bow!
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
obowiązek
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Rozdział
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Wola
WilltoTruth,whichisto
kusi
temptustomanya
niebezpiecznych
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehitherto
mówili
spokenwithrespect,whatquestionshas
ta
thisWilltoTruthnotlaid
przed
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,
wątpliwe
questionablequestions!
Itisalreadya
długa
longstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
tracimy
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Że
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Kto
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHAT
naprawdę
reallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nas
us?
Infactwemadea
długo
longhaltatthequestionastotheoriginof
tej
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstill
przed
beforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.
We
zapytaliśmy
inquiredabouttheVALUEof
tego
thisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthe
prawdy
truth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
A
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problem
problemofthevalueof
prawdy
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselves
przed
beforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
Który
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
wydaje się
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
i
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelieved
że
thatitatlastseemstousasifthe
problem
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscern
go
it,getasightof
go
it,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
ryzyko
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreater
ryzyko
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
For
przykład
example,truthoutoferror?
orthe
Wola
WilltoTruthoutofthe
wola
willtodeception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Taka
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
muszą
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
tym
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
świecie
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
i
andcupidity,theycannothavetheir
źródła
source.
Butratherinthe
kolanach
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Bogu
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
i
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
ujawnia
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
można
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
tej
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
coś
somethingthatisintheend
uroczyście
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
Thefundamental
wiara
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Wiara
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nigdy nie
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
wątpić
doubthereonthevery
progu
threshold(wheredoubt,however,was
najbardziej
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,
po pierwsze
firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
i
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
i
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
pieczęć
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
tylko
merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowan
wyrażenie
expressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteofallthe
wartość
valuewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,
i
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
możliwe
possiblethatahigherand
bardziej
morefundamentalvalueforlife
ogólnie
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
i
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
możliwe
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
wartość
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
właśnie
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
powiązane
related,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevil
i
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
zasadniczo
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Ale
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
nowego
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
będą
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"inevery
znaczeniu
senseoftheterm.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
widzę
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
i
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
długo
longenough,Inowsaytomyself
że
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
i
anditissoeveninthe
przypadku
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
tu
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
o
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
mało
littleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
całego
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
mało
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisive
sensie
sense;
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
potajemnie
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
i
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyof
ruchu
movement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmore
wyraźnie
plainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeof
życia
lifeForexample,thatthe
pewne
certainisworthmorethanthe
niepewne
uncertain,thatillusionisless
cenne
valuablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nas
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,
takie
suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeings
takie
suchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
że
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofan
opinii
opinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
tutaj
here,perhaps,thatournew
język
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
pytanie
questionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintain
że
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
należą
belong),arethemostindispensableto
nas
us,thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
bez
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe
czysto
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,
bez
withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
świata
worldbymeansofnumbers,
człowiek
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASA
Warunek
CONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugn
ten
thetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerous
sposób
manner,andaphilosophywhichventuresto
zrobić
doso,hastherebyalone
umieściła
placeditselfbeyondgoodand
złem
evil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
i
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
jak
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
i
andeasilytheymakemistakes
i
andlosetheirway,inshort,
jak
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—but
że
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwith
nimi
them,whereastheyallraisealoud
i
andvirtuousoutcrywhenthe
problem
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheir
prawdziwe
realopinionshadbeendiscovered
i
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
W
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,
którzy
who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
rzeczywistości
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
lub
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
i
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssought
się
outaftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocates
którzy
whodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,
zazwyczaj
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Bardzo
VERYfarfromhavingthe
sumienia
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
bardzo
veryfarfromhavingthegood
smaku
tasteofthecouragewhich
idzie
goessofarastolet
tego
thisbeunderstood,perhapsto
ostrzec
warnfriendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
i
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
równie
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
prowadzą
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,we
którzy
whofindnosmallamusementinspying
się
outthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
i
andethicalpreachers.
Or,still
bardziej
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematical
formie
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
i
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
przetłumaczyć
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
terror
terroratonceintothe
sercu
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
i
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
stopniowo
graduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreatphilosophy
się
uptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,the
wyznanie
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;
a
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)
cel
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevital
zarodek
germoutofwhichtheentireplanthas
zawsze
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
jaki sposób
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
zawsze
alwayswell(andwise)to
najpierw
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Związku
Accordingly,Idonotbelieve
że
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
ojcem
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
inny
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
tylko
onlymadeuseofknowledge
I
(andmistakenknowledge!)
asan
instrument
instrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermininghowfartheymayhave
tu
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
i
andcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveall
praktykowali
practicedphilosophyatonetimeoranother,
i
andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoo
zadowolony
gladtolookuponitselfasthe
ostateczny
ultimateendofexistenceandthelegitimate
Pana
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
każdy
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthe
przypadku
caseofscholars,inthe
przypadku
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
może
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
może
mayreallybesucha
coś
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
mały
small,independentclock-work,which,when
dobrze
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Bez
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialpart
nim
therein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
zatem
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
może
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
rzeczywistości
fact,almostindifferentatwhat
momencie
pointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,
i
andwhetherthehopefulyoung
robotnik
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
tym
thisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthe
przeciwnie
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
kolejności
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
stoją
standtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
mogą
canbe!
Iknowof
nic
nothingmorestingingthanthe
żart
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
zrobił
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginal
znaczeniu
sense,andonthefaceofit,the
słowo
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
i
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
powiedzieć
say,"TheyareallACTORS,
nie
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"
Dla
(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
imię
nameforanactor).
Andthelatteris
naprawdę
reallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
i
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
On
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
siedział
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
i
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
może
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
wie
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofind
się
outwhothegarden-godEpicurus
naprawdę
reallywas.
Didsheeverfind
się
out?
8.
Thereisa
punkt
pointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthe
scenie
scene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancient
tajemnicy
mystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Żyć
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
bez
withoutpurposeorconsideration,without
litości
pityorjustice,atoncefruitful
i
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Obojętność
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
żyć
liveinaccordancewithsuch
obojętność
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
tylko
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
niż
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
I
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
zgodnie
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"living
zgodnie
accordingtolife"—howcouldyou
zrobić
doDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
jesteście
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,
jednak
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
podczas
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
kanon
canonofyourlawinNature,youwant
czegoś
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
i
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
dyktować
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
i
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsist
że
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
i
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourown
wizerunek
image,asavast,eternalglorification
i
andgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefor
prawdy
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
długo
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
widzieć
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
że
thatyouarenolonger
stanie
abletoseeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
że
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Ale
Butthisisanold
i
andeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
ze
withtheStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
wierzyć
believeinitself.
Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdo
inaczej
otherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
najbardziej
mostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
i
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
powiedzieć
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problem
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
żywności
foodforthoughtandattention;
andhe
kto
whohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"in
ten
thebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastof
ten
thesharpestears.
Inrare
i
andisolatedcases,itmay
naprawdę
reallyhavehappenedthatsucha
Wola
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
i
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
that
co
whichintheendalways
woli
prefersahandfulof"certainty"toa
cały
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
mogą
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
sumienia
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasure
niczym
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
czymś
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
i
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
duszy
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
taka
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
wydaje
seems,however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
i
andlivelierthinkerswhoare
wciąż
stilleagerforlife.
In
że
thattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
i
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"in
że
thattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowas
ten
thecredibilityoftheocularevidence
że
that"theearthstandsstill,"
i
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessionto
uciec
escape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
wierzy
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
wie
knowsiftheyarenot
naprawdę
reallytryingtowinback
czegoś
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
czegoś
somethingoftheolddomainof
ten
thefaithofformertimes,perhaps
ten
the"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
żyć
livebetter,thatisto
mówią
say,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
niż
thanby"modernideas"?
Thereis
Nieufność
DISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
tym
thismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructed
wczoraj
yesterdayandtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietyand
pogardy
scorn,whichcannolonger
znieść
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvaried
pochodzenia
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
rzuca
throwsonthemarket;
a
wstręt
disgustofthemorerefined
smaku
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
i
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
nie
thereisnothingeithernew
lub
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
wydaje
seemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
i
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instynkt
instinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Współczesnej
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nas
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
że
thattheywishtogo"back,"
ale
butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
trochę
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
i
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
It
wydaje
seemstomethatthereis
wszędzie
everywhereanattemptatpresenttodivert
uwagi
attentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
a
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstand
przede wszystkim
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;
z
withitinhishandhe
powiedział
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
imieniu
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
tylko
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
dumny
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
osądu
judgmentapriori.
Grantingthathe
oszukał
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopment
i
andrapidflourishingofGerman
filozofii
philosophydependedneverthelessonhis
dumy
pride,andontheeager
rywalizacji
rivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
jeśli
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobe
jeszcze
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
odpowiedź
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
niestety
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
ale
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityandverbalflourishes,
że
thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
zaangażowane
involvedinsuchananswer.
Peoplewere
obok
besidethemselveswithdelightover
tym
thisnewfaculty,andthejubilation
osiągnęła
reacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthat
czasie
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Thencamethe
miesiąc miodowy
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Allthe
młodzi
youngtheologiansoftheTubingen
instytucji
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
I
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
i
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGerman
ducha
spirit,towhichRomanticism,themalicious
wróżka
fairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
odróżnić
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
można
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeof
tego
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstanding
że
thatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),
niż
thantotakeitseriously,or
nawet
eventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
a
andthedreamvanished.
A
czas
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
i
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
a
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehad
powiedział
said,oratleastmeantto
powiedzieć
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
wyjaśnienie
explanation?
Orisitnot
raczej
rathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Jak
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
a mianowicie
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
lekarz
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
należą
belongtotherealmofcomedy,anditishigh
czas
timetoreplacetheKantian
pytanie
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyis
wiara
beliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
czas
timethatweshouldunderstand
że
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
zachowania
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
chociaż
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybe
fałszywe
falsejudgments!
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
powinny
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
mamy
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbut
fałszywe
falsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,as
wiarygodne
plausiblebeliefandocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
I
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
nadzieję
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
całą
wholeofEurope,thereisno
wątpliwości
doubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
pewien
ashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filozofii
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
i
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,to
znaleźć
findanantidotetothe
wciąż
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelast
wieku
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...