Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Norwegian B2

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Norwegian B2

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterrible
alvoret
seriousness
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofi
philosophy
,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenonlya
edel
noble
puerilismandtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingandabsolute
filosofiske
philosophical
edificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopular
overtro
superstition
ofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnotyet
sluttet
ceased
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
bedrag
deception
onthepartofgrammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofveryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswas
astrologi
astrology
instillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,and
tålmodighet
patience
havebeenspentthanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arkitektur
architecture
.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshavefirstto
vandre
wander
abouttheearthas
enorme
enormous
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filosofi
philosophy
hasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—for
eksempel
instance
,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,themosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
oppfinnelse
invention
ofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canagaindrawbreath
fritt
freely
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
grunnleggende
fundamental
condition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemightask,asa
lege
physician
:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthat
fineste
finest
productofantiquity,Plato?
Hadthe
onde
wicked
Socratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kristendommen
Christianity
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produsert
produced
inEuropeamagnificent
spenning
tension
ofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywhere
tidligere
previously
;
withsuchatensely
anstrengt
strained
bowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateof
nød
distress
,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratisk
democratic
enlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,noreven
tilstrekkelig
sufficiently
Germans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,allthe
nød
distress
ofspiritandallthetensionofitsbow!
Andperhapsalsothe
pilen
arrow
,theduty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapittel
CHAPTER
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
friste
tempt
ustomanya
farlig
hazardous
enterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadealong
stopp
halt
atthequestionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoan
absolutt
absolute
standstillbeforeayetmore
grunnleggende
fundamental
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwewantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
usikkerhet
uncertainty
?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobea
rendezvous
rendezvous
ofquestionsandnotesof
avhør
interrogation
.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
feil
error
?
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewillto
bedrag
deception
?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthaveadifferent
opprinnelse
origin
,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,
forførende
seductive
,illusory,paltryworld,inthis
uroen
turmoil
ofdelusionandcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
avslører
discloses
thetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimescanberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
logiske
logical
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheend
høytidelig
solemnly
christened"theTruth."
The
grunnleggende
fundamental
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Troen
BELIEF
INANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereonthevery
terskelen
threshold
(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadea
høytidelig
solemn
vow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheir
segl
seal
,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,
bare
merely
provisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowan
uttrykk
expression
currentamongpainters.
In
tross
spite
ofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherandmore
grunnleggende
fundamental
valueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewillto
vrangforestilling
delusion
,toselfishness,andcupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
nettopp
precisely
intheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparently
motsatte
opposed
things—perhapseveninbeingessentially
identiske
identical
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
vente
await
theadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartof
bevisst
conscious
thinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehasheretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesinto
betraktning
consideration
inthewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"
Motsatt
OPPOSED
totheinstinctiveinany
avgjørende
decisive
sense;
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretly
påvirket
influenced
byhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Andbehindall
logikk
logic
anditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
vedlikehold
maintenance
ofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmorethantheuncertain,thatillusionisless
verdifulle
valuable
than"truth"suchvaluations,in
tross
spite
oftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthe
vedlikehold
maintenance
ofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
innvending
objection
toit:
itishere,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmost
merkelig
strangely
.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedto
opprettholde
maintain
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,thatwithouta
anerkjennelse
recognition
oflogicalfictions,withouta
sammenligning
comparison
ofrealitywiththe
rent
purely
IMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,withouta
konstant
constant
counterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TO
Anerkjenne
RECOGNISE
UNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthe
tradisjonelle
traditional
ideasofvalueinadangerous
måte
manner
,andaphilosophywhich
våger
ventures
todoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
betraktet
regarded
half-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
oppdagelsen
discovery
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisealoudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeen
oppdaget
discovered
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinely
likegyldig
indifferent
dialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
generelt
generally
theirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtobe
betraktet
regarded
assuch,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendor
fiende
foe
,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
like
equally
stiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(more
riktig
correctly
mislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmall
underholdning
amusement
inspyingoutthe
subtile
subtle
tricksofoldmoralistsand
etiske
ethical
preachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
filosofi
philosophy
inmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
oversette
translate
thetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
terror
terror
atonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocasta
blikk
glance
onthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
gradvis
gradually
becomecleartomewhateverygreat
filosofi
philosophy
uptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moralske
moral
(orimmoral)purposeinevery
filosofi
philosophy
hasconstitutedthetrue
vitale
vital
germoutofwhichtheentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
filosof
philosopher
havebeenarrivedat,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirstaskoneself:
"What
moral
morality
dothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Følgelig
Accordingly
,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherof
filosofi
philosophy
;
butthatanotherimpulse,hereas
andre steder
elsewhere
,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asan
instrument
instrument
.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
grunnleggende
fundamental
impulsesofmanwithaviewto
avgjøre
determining
howfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofi
philosophy
atonetimeoranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
ultimate
ultimate
endofexistenceandthe
legitime
legitimate
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
Forevery
impuls
impulse
isimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseofreally
vitenskapelige
scientific
men,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
theretheremayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofsmall,
uavhengig
independent
clock-work,which,whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.
The
faktiske
actual
"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,are
generelt
generally
inquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,infact,almost
likegyldig
indifferent
atwhatpointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,a
sopp
mushroom
specialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
moral
morality
furnishesadecidedand
avgjørende
decisive
testimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
IknowofnothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnothing
ekte
genuine
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnameforanactor).
Andthe
sistnevnte
latter
isreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
irritert
annoyed
bythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
raseri
rage
andambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointinevery
filosofi
philosophy
atwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
edle
noble
Stoics,whatfraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlessly
likegyldig
indifferent
,withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfuland
ufruktbar
barren
anduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Likegyldighet
INDIFFERENCE
asapower—howCOULDyoulivein
samsvar
accordance
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,being
urettferdig
unjust
,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Andgrantedthatyour
imperativ
imperative
,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudo
Annerledes
DIFFERENTLY
?
Whyshouldyoumakea
prinsipp
principle
outofwhatyouyourselvesare,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
kanonen
canon
ofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
diktere
dictate
yourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insisterer
insist
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,
evig
eternal
glorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
krone
crown
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
Butthisisanoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasevera
filosofi
philosophy
beginstobelieveinitself.
Italwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofi
philosophy
isthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themost
åndelige
spiritual
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausa
prima
prima
.
10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandthe
tilsynelatende
apparent
world"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
skryte
boast
ofthesharpestears.
Inrareand
isolerte
isolated
cases,itmayreallyhavehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantand
eventyrlystne
adventurous
pluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersa
håndfull
handful
of"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
samvittighet
conscience
,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
dyd
virtue
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
utseende
appearance
,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
rangerer
rank
thecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
besittelse
possession
toescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmore
fast
firmly
thaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
besittelse
possession
,somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterdayandtoday;
thereisperhapssome
liten
slight
admixtureofsatietyand
forakt
scorn
,whichcannolonger
tåle
endure
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemost
varierte
varied
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
a
avsky
disgust
ofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinkt
instinct
,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,and
kunstnerisk
artistic
power,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
avlede
divert
attentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofi
philosophy
,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstand
fremst
foremost
proudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbe
foretatt
undertaken
onbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudofhaving
Oppdaget
DISCOVERED
anewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
dømmekraft
judgment
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopmentand
rask
rapid
flourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationto
oppdage
discover
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
reflektere
reflect
foramoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
visning
display
ofGermanprofundityandverbal
blomstrer
flourishes
,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
glede
delight
overthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurther
oppdaget
discovered
amoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Thencamethe
bryllupsreise
honeymoon
ofGermanphilosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institusjon
institution
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyet
skille
distinguish
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Abovealla
fakultet
faculty
forthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intellektuell
intellectual
intuition,andtherebygratifiedthemost
oppriktige
earnest
longingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecandonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,oreventreatitwith
moralsk
moral
indignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,andthedream
forsvant
vanished
.
Atimecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleastmeanttosay.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
forklaring
explanation
?
Orisitnotrather
bare
merely
arepetitionofthequestion?
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nemlig
namely
thevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
riket
realm
ofcomedy,anditishightimeto
erstatte
replace
theKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyis
tro
belief
insuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughtheystillmight
naturlig
naturally
befalsejudgments!
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
grovt
roughly
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehavenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefandocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
enorme
enormous
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofi
philosophy
,itwasadelighttothe
edle
noble
idlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tofindan
motgift
antidote
tothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...