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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Norwegian A1-B2 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Norwegian A1-B2 Students

This progressive translation technique brings multiple benefits to language learners. It lets you choose the difficulty level that matches your abilities, making sure the material is challenging but not too difficult. By focusing on understanding words in context, this method boosts your comprehension skills. While direct translations are slightly hidden to promote guessing from context, you can always check unfamiliar words. This approach makes learning a new language both engaging and accessible, offering the right mix of difficulty and encouragement. Embark on a journey through translated classics and enjoy the process of learning through reading.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
mistenke
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarasthey
har
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
forstå
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
og
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
har
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Sannheten
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
vinne
winningawoman?
Certainlyshe
har
hasneverallowedherselftobe
vinne
won;
andatpresenteverykindofdogma
står
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
faktisk
indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatit
har
hasfallen,thatalldogma
ligger
liesontheground—naymore,thatitisatits
siste
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
seriøst
seriously,therearegoodgroundsfor
håpe
hopingthatalldogmatizingin
filosofi
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
og
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
kan
mayhavebeenonlya
edel
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
and
trolig
probablythetimeisathandwhenit
vil
willbeonceandagain
forstått
understoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisof
slike
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
har
havehithertoreared:
perhapssome
populær
popularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformof
emne
subject-
andego-superstition,hasnot
ennå
yetceaseddoingmischief):
perhaps
noen
someplayuponwords,a
bedrag
deceptiononthepartofgrammar,
eller
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
veldig
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
håpe
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
etterpå
afterwards,aswasastrologyin
fortsatt
stillearliertimes,inthe
tjenesten
serviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,
gull
gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeen
brukt
spentthanonanyactual
vitenskap
sciencehitherto:
weoweto
det
it,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
og
andEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arkitektur
architecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hjerte
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,all
store
greatthingshavefirstto
vandre
wanderabouttheearthasenormous
og
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
har
hasbeenacaricatureof
denne
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
og
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
må
mustcertainlybeconfessedthat
den
theworst,themosttiresome,
og
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
en
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Ren
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Men
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
når
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
kan
canagaindrawbreathfreely
og
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
vi
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,are
den
theheirsofallthestrength
som
whichthestruggleagainstthiserror
har
hasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sannheten
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
grunnleggende
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakof
Ånd
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeof
dem
them;
indeedonemightask,asa
lege
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
angripe
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hadde
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
ham
him?
WasSocratesafterall
en
acorrupterofyouths,and
fortjente
deservedhishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
mot
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
og
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
mot
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kristendommen
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Den
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
en
amagnificenttensionofsoul,
slik
suchashadnotexistedanywhere
tidligere
previously;
withsuchatensely
anstrengt
strainedbowonecannow
sikte
aimatthefurthestgoals.
As
en
amatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
denne
thistensionasastateofdistress,
og
andtwiceattemptshavebeen
gjort
madeingrandstyletounbendthe
bøye
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
og
andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratisk
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyof
den
thepressandnewspaper-reading,might,in
faktisk
fact,bringitaboutthat
den
thespiritwouldnotsoeasily
finne
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—all
kreditt
credittothem!
butthey
igjen
againmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Men
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,
eller
nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,we
Gode
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERY
frie
freespirits—wehaveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
og
andallthetensionofits
bue
bow!
Andperhapsalsothe
pilen
arrow,theduty,and,who
vet
knows?
THEGOALTOAIM
På
AT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
Den
TheWilltoTruth,whichisto
friste
temptustomanya
farlig
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessof
som
whichallphilosophershavehitherto
snakket
spokenwithrespect,whatquestions
har
hasthisWilltoTruthnot
lagt
laidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
allerede
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsas
om
ifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitany
undre
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
mister
losepatience,andturnimpatiently
bort
away?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
stille
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
her
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
oss
us?
Infactwemadealong
stopp
haltatthequestionastotheoriginof
denne
thisWill—untilatlastwe
kom
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
mer
morefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
om
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Gitt
Grantedthatwewantthe
sannheten
truth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Og
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthe
verdi
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
som
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
her
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
ser ut
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
og
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
kan
coulditbebelievedthatitatlast
virker
seemstousasif
de
theproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
før
before,asifwewere
de
thefirsttodiscernit,get
et
asightofit,and
Risikere
RISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
risiko
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereisno
større
greaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULD
noe
anythingoriginateoutofits
motsatte
opposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
feil
error?
ortheWillto
Sannhet
Truthoutofthewillto
bedrag
deception?
orthegenerousdeed
ut
outofselfishness?
orthe
rene
puresun-brightvisionofthewise
mannen
manoutofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisis
umulig
impossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
en
afool,nay,worsethan
en
afool;
thingsofthehighest
verdi
valuemusthaveadifferent
opprinnelse
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
denne
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
verden
world,inthisturmoilof
vrangforestilling
delusionandcupidity,theycannot
ha
havetheirsource.
Butratherin
den
thelapofBeing,in
den
theintransitory,intheconcealed
Gud
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
kilde
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
avslører
disclosesthetypicalprejudiceby
som
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
kan
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisat
den
thebackofalltheir
logiske
logicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
noe
somethingthatisintheend
høytidelig
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
grunnleggende
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
Den
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
aldri
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
tvil
doubthereonthevery
terskelen
threshold(wheredoubt,however,was
mest
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
et
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
eksisterer
existatall;
andsecondly,
om
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
verdi
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshave
satt
settheirseal,arenotperhaps
bare
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
sannsynligvis
probablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
låne
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
tross
spiteofallthevaluewhichmay
tilhøre
belongtothetrue,the
positive
positive,andtheunselfish,it
kan
mightbepossiblethata
høyere
higherandmorefundamentalvaluefor
livet
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,to
den
thewilltodelusion,to
egoisme
selfishness,andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
mulig
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
gode
goodandrespectedthings,consists
nettopp
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
og
andcrochetedtotheseevil
og
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentially
identiske
identicalwiththem.
Perhaps!
But
hvem
whowishestoconcernhimself
med
withsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
må
mustawaittheadventofa
ny
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
vil
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
begrepet
term.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
ser
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
dukke opp
appear.
3.
Havingkeptasharp
øye
eyeonphilosophers,andhaving
lest
readbetweentheirlineslong
nok
enough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
delen
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecounted
blant
amongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditisso
selv
eveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
man
onehasheretolearnanew,as
man
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
og
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirth
kommer
comesintoconsiderationinthewhole
prosessen
processandprocedureofheredity,
akkurat
justaslittleis"being-conscious"
Motsatt
OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
noen
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
delen
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
en
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
og
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Og
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming
suverenitet
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
eller
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
vedlikehold
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
eksempel
example,thatthecertainis
verdt
worthmorethantheuncertain,thatillusionis
mindre
lessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,in
tross
spiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Oss
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,
spesielle
specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybe
nødvendig
necessaryforthemaintenanceofbeings
slike
suchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
at
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Den
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforus
noen
anyobjectiontoit:
itis
her
here,perhaps,thatournew
språk
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,
hvor
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,
og
andwearefundamentallyinclinedto
opprettholde
maintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
mest
mostindispensabletous,that
uten
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
uten
withoutacomparisonofreality
med
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
og
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
verden
worldbymeansofnumbers,man
kunne
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
ville
wouldbearenunciationof
liv
life,anegationoflife.
TO
Anerkjenne
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
sikkert
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
verdi
valueinadangerousmanner,
og
andaphilosophywhichventuresto
gjøre
doso,hastherebyalone
plassert
placeditselfbeyondgoodand
ondt
evil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
betraktet
regardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
oppdagelsen
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
ofte
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
og
andlosetheirway,inshort,
hvor
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
nok
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraise
et
aloudandvirtuousoutcry
når
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
selv
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeas
om
thoughtheirrealopinionshadbeen
oppdaget
discoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
kald
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
I
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
og
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,
idé
idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
generelt
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
og
andrefined,isdefendedbythem
med
withargumentssoughtoutafterthe
hendelsen
event.
Theyarealladvocateswhodonot
ønsker
wishtoberegardedassuch,
generelt
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Veldig
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravely
innrømmer
admitsthistoitself,very
langt
farfromhavingthegood
smaken
tasteofthecouragewhich
går
goessofarasto
la
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
advare
warnfriendorfoe,orin
munter
cheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamle
oldKant,equallystiffand
anstendig
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
fører
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
smile
smile,wewhofindno
liten
smallamusementinspyingoutthe
subtile
subtletricksofoldmoralists
og
andethicalpreachers.
Or,still
mer
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
har
has,asitwere,cladhis
filosofi
philosophyinmailandmask—in
faktisk
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
oversette
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebyto
slå
striketerroratonceinto
den
theheartoftheassailantwho
skulle
shoulddaretocasta
blikk
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
mye
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
denne
thismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
har
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
hver
everygreatphilosophyuptill
nå
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
og
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
og
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthat
den
themoral(orimmoral)purposein
hver
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sanne
truevitalgermoutofwhich
den
theentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Faktisk
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
en
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
alltid
alwayswell(andwise)to
først
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
sikter
aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
tror
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
faren
fatherofphilosophy;
butthatanother
impuls
impulse,hereaselsewhere,has
bare
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistaken
kunnskap
knowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Butwhoever
vurderer
considersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
med
withaviewtodetermining
hvor
howfartheymayhave
her
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Eller
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
vil
willfindthattheyhaveallpracticed
filosofi
philosophyatonetimeoranother,
og
andthateachoneofthemwouldhavebeen
bare
onlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
ultimate
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
legitime
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
hver
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,
forsøker
attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sikker
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
tilfelle
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
kan
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyou
vil
will;
theretheremayreallybe
slik
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
liten
small,independentclock-work,which,when
godt
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Uten
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tar
takinganymaterialparttherein.
De
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
derfor
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—in
de
thefamily,perhaps,orinmoney-making,
eller
orinpolitics;
itis,in
faktisk
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
lille
littlemachineisplaced,and
om
whetherthehopefulyoungworker
blir
becomesagoodphilologist,a
sopp
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
bli
becomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,
det
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
og
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
et
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Hvem
WHOHEIS,—thatisto
si
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
natur
naturestandtoeachother.
7.
Hvor
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
vet
knowofnothingmorestinging
enn
thanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
gjøre
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
kalte
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
opprinnelige
originalsense,andonthe
ansiktet
faceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
og
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
mye
muchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
ingenting
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
navn
nameforanactor).
And
den
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
som
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
irritert
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,
den
themiseenscenestyleof
som
whichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
som
whichEpicuruswasnota
mester
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
satt
satconcealedinhislittle
hage
gardenatAthens,andwrote
tre
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
raseri
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
vet
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearsto
finne
findoutwhothegarden-godEpicurus
virkelig
reallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Det
Thereisapointin
hver
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
eller
or,toputitinthewordsof
et
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
ønsker
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
svindel
fraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
som
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlessly
likegyldig
indifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,
uten
withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
og
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Likegyldighet
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
leve
liveinaccordancewithsuch
likegyldighet
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
bare
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
enn
thanthisNature?
Isnot
leve
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,being
begrenset
limited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Og
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
henhold
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythe
samme
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
kan
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
skulle
shouldyoumakeaprinciple
ut
outofwhatyouyourselves
er
are,andmustbe?
In
virkeligheten
reality,however,itisquiteotherwise
med
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
leser
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
lov
lawinNature,youwant
noe
somethingquitethecontrary,you
ekstraordinære
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyour
stolthet
prideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
og
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
og
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insisterer
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
og
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemade
etter
afteryourownimage,as
en
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Med
Withallyourlovefor
sannheten
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
lenge
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
se
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
si
say,Stoically,thatyouarenolonger
stand
abletoseeitotherwise—andto
krone
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
gir
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Fordi
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
over
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
også
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
over
over:
isnottheStoic
en
aPARTofNature?...
But
dette
thisisanoldandeverlasting
historie
story:
whathappenedinoldtimes
med
withtheStoicsstillhappenstoday,as
snart
soonaseveraphilosophy
begynner
beginstobelieveinitself.
It
alltid
alwayscreatestheworldinits
eget
ownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filosofi
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
den
themostspiritualWillto
Makt
Power,thewillto"creationof
den
theworld,"thewillto
den
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
og
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
si
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"the
virkelige
realandtheapparentworld"isdealt
med
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
mat
foodforthoughtandattention;
og
andhewhohearsonly
en
a"WilltoTruth"in
de
thebackground,andnothingelse,cannot
absolutt
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
In
sjeldne
rareandisolatedcases,it
kan
mayreallyhavehappenedthat
slik
suchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
og
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambisjon
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
alltid
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
en
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
det
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
samvittighet
conscience,whoprefertoputtheir
siste
lasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
Men
ButthatisNihilism,and
den
thesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
sjel
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
slik
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
imidlertid
however,tobeotherwisewith
sterkere
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
fortsatt
stilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Mot
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
rangerer
rankthecredibilityoftheir
egne
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearth
står
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,
tillater
allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
besittelse
possessiontoescape(forwhat
vet
doesoneatpresentbelievein
mer
morefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
vet
knowsiftheyarenot
virkelig
reallytryingtowinback
noe
somethingwhichwasformerlyan
enda
evensecurerpossession,somethingofthe
gamle
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
gamle
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
kunne
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,
mer
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
enn
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
disse
thesemodernideasinthismodeof
se
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
alt
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
og
andtoday;
thereisperhapssome
liten
slightadmixtureofsatietyand
forakt
scorn,whichcannolonger
tåle
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasof
den
themostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
kaster
throwsonthemarket;
a
avsky
disgustofthemorerefined
smaken
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
og
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
det
thereisnothingeithernew
eller
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatwe
bør
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
og
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
dag
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Moderne
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
what
gjør
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
oss
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
ønsker
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
ønsker
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Alittle
Mer
MOREstrength,swing,courage,and
kunstnerisk
artisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
tilbake
back!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
overalt
everywhereanattemptatpresentto
avlede
divertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKant
utøvde
exercisedonGermanphilosophy,and
spesielt
especiallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhe
satte
setuponhimself.
Kantwas
først
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
med
withitinhishandhe
sa
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthing
som
thatcouldeverbeundertakenon
vegne
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
bare
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
stolt
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
ny
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
dømmekraft
judgmentapriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
denne
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
filosofi
philosophydependedneverthelessonhis
stolthet
pride,andontheeagerrivalryof
den
theyoungergenerationtodiscover
om
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
som
whichtobestillprouder!—But
la
letusreflectforamoment—itis
høy
hightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
spør
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
svar
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
dessverre
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
men
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
med
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
og
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
mister
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
involvert
involvedinsuchananswer.
Folk
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
glede
delightoverthisnewfaculty,
og
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
da
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoral
fakultet
facultyinman—foratthat
tiden
timeGermanswerestillmoral,not
ennå
yetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
kom
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
All
de
theyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institusjon
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—all
søkte
seekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
uskyldige
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGerman
ånd
spirit,towhichRomanticism,themalicious
fe
fairy,pipedandsang,when
man
onecouldnotyetdistinguish
mellom
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
alt
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristened
det
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratified
de
themostearnestlongingsof
de
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
kan
candonogreaterwrongto
den
thewholeofthisexuberant
og
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
og
andsenileconceptions),thanto
ta
takeitseriously,oreven
behandle
treatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
verden
worldgrewolder,andthe
drømmen
dreamvanished.
Atimecame
da
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
og
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Folk
Peoplehadbeendreaming,and
først
firstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
eller
oratleastmeantto
si
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
En
Anexplanation?
Orisitnot
heller
rathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Hvordan
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
svarer
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Men
Butsuchrepliesbelongtothe
riket
realmofcomedy,anditishightimeto
erstatte
replacetheKantianquestion,"Howaresyntheticjudgments
en
aPRIORIpossible?"
byanother
spørsmål
question,"Whyisbeliefin
slike
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itis
høy
hightimethatweshould
forstå
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
sant
true,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
om
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybe
falske
falsejudgments!
Or,moreplainly
sagt
spoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
bør
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
har
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
ingenting
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,of
selvfølgelig
course,thebeliefintheir
sannhet
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
og
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
livet
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomind
den
theenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
håper
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughout
den
thewholeofEurope,thereis
ingen
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
en
ashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofi
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,the
dydige
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
og
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,to
finne
findanantidotetothe
fortsatt
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
siste
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...