Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
You
vil
willrejoicetohearthatingen
nodisasterhasaccompaniedthecommencementofet
anenterprisewhichyouhaveregardedmed
withsuchevilforebodings.Iarrived
her
hereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskistoassuremykjære
dearsisterofmywelfareog
andincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.Iam
allerede
alreadyfarnorthofLondon,og
andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Iføler
feelacoldnorthernbreezespille
playuponmycheeks,whichbracesmynervesog
andfillsmewithdelight.Doyou
forstår
understandthisfeeling?Thisbreeze,
som
whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowardssom
whichIamadvancing,givesmeen
aforetasteofthoseicyclimes.Inspiritedby
denne
thiswindofpromise,mydaydreamsblir
becomemoreferventandvivid.I
prøver
tryinvaintobepersuadedat
thatthepoleistheseatoffrostog
anddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeauty
og
anddelight.There,Margaret,thesunisforevervisible,itsbroaddisk
bare
justskirtingthehorizonanddiffusingen
aperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,my
søster
sister,Iwillputsometillit
trustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowog
andfrostarebanished;and,sailing
over
overacalmsea,wekan
maybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersog
andinbeautyeveryregionhithertodiscoveredonden
thehabitableglobe.Itsproductions
og
andfeaturesmaybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheheavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinthoseundiscoveredsolitudes.What
kan
maynotbeexpectedinet
acountryofeternallight?I
kan
maytherediscoverthewondrouspowerwhichattractsden
theneedleandmayregulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatrequirebare
onlythisvoyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardentcuriosity
med
withthesightofadel
partoftheworldneverfør
beforevisited,andmaytreadalandaldri
neverbeforeimprintedbythefootofman.Disse
Thesearemyenticements,andtheyaresufficienttoconquerallfearofdangereller
ordeathandtoinducemetocommencedenne
thislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyabarn
childfeelswhenheembarksinaliten
littleboat,withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryopp
uphisnativeriver.Butsupposing
alle
alltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontesttheinestimablebenefitsom
whichIshallconferonalle
allmankind,tothelastgeneration,bydiscoveringen
apassagenearthepoletothosecountries,toreachsom
whichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;eller
orbyascertainingthesecretofthemagnet,which,hvis
ifatallpossible,canbare
onlybeeffectedbyanundertakingsuchasmine.Disse
Thesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationmed
withwhichIbeganmyletter,og
andIfeelmyheartglowmed
withanenthusiasmwhichelevatesmetoheaven,foringenting
nothingcontributessomuchtotranquilliseden
themindasasteadypurpose—apunkt
pointonwhichthesoulkan
mayfixitsintellectualeye.Denne
Thisexpeditionhasbeenthefavouritedrøm
dreamofmyearlyyears.I
har
havereadwithardourtheaccountsofde
thevariousvoyageswhichhavebeengjort
madeintheprospectofarrivingatde
theNorthPacificOceanthroughde
theseaswhichsurroundthepole.You
kan
mayrememberthatahistoryofalle
allthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedthehele
wholeofourgoodUncleThomas’library.Myeducationwasneglected,
men
yetIwaspassionatelyfondoflese
reading.Thesevolumesweremystudy
dag
dayandnight,andmyfamiliaritymed
withthemincreasedthatregretwhichIhadde
hadfelt,asachild,onlære
learningthatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadde
hadforbiddenmyuncletoallowmetoembarkinet
aseafaringlife.Thesevisionsfaded
da
whenIperused,fortheførste
firsttime,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulog
andliftedittoheaven.I
også
alsobecameapoetandforoneår
yearlivedinaparadiseofmyegen
owncreation;IimaginedthatI
også
alsomightobtainanicheinthetemplehvor
wherethenamesofHomerog
andShakespeareareconsecrated.Youare
godt
wellacquaintedwithmyfailureog
andhowheavilyIborethedisappointment.Men
ButjustatthattimeIinheritedden
thefortuneofmycousin,og
andmythoughtswereturnedintoden
thechanneloftheirearlierbent.Seks
SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.I
kan
can,evennow,rememberthehourfromwhichIdedicatedmyselftodenne
thisgreatenterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmy
kroppen
bodytohardship.Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
Ivoluntarilyenduredcold,famine,thirst,
og
andwantofsleep;Ioften
jobbet
workedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthedagen
dayanddevotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,og
andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromsom
whichanavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpracticaladvantage.TwiceI
faktisk
actuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,og
andacquittedmyselftoadmiration.I
må
mustownIfeltalittleproudda
whenmycaptainofferedmeden
theseconddignityinthevesselog
andentreatedmetoremainmed
withthegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.Og
Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeservetoaccomplishsomegreatpurpose?My
liv
lifemighthavebeenpassedineaseog
andluxury,butIpreferredglorytohver
everyenticementthatwealthplacedinmypath.Oh,
at
thatsomeencouragingvoicewouldsvare
answerintheaffirmative!Mycourage
og
andmyresolutionisfirm;men
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoftendepressed.Iamabouttoproceedon
en
alonganddifficultvoyage,theemergenciesofsom
whichwilldemandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednot
bare
onlytoraisethespiritsofothers,men
butsometimestosustainmyegen
own,whentheirsarefailing.Dette
ThisisthemostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.Theyflyquickly
over
overthesnowintheirsledges;den
themotionispleasant,and,inmyopinion,langt
farmoreagreeablethanthatofen
anEnglishstagecoach.Thecoldisnotexcessive,
hvis
ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresssom
whichIhavealreadyadopted,fordet
thereisagreatdifferencemellom
betweenwalkingthedeckandremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,når
whennoexercisepreventsthebloodfromfaktisk
actuallyfreezinginyourveins.I
har
havenoambitiontolosemylivet
lifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.Petersburghog
andArchangel.Ishalldepartforthelatter
by
towninafortnightortre
threeweeks;andmyintentionistohire
et
ashipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebybetale
payingtheinsurancefortheowner,og
andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryamongthosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.IdonotintendtosailuntilthemonthofJune;
og
andwhenshallIreturn?Ah,
kjære
dearsister,howcanIsvare
answerthisquestion?IfIsucceed,
mange
many,manymonths,perhapsyears,vil
willpassbeforeyouandImaymøte
meet.IfIfail,you
vil
willseemeagainsoon,eller
ornever.Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshower
ned
downblessingsonyou,andredd
saveme,thatImayigjen
againandagaintestifymygratitudeforallyourkjærlighet
loveandkindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
Hvor
Howslowlythetimepassesher
here,encompassedasIambyfrostog
andsnow!Yetasecondstepis
tatt
takentowardsmyenterprise.I
har
havehiredavesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;de
thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIkan
candependandarecertainlypossessedofdauntlesscourage.ButI
har
haveonewantwhichIhar
haveneveryetbeenabletosatisfy,og
andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichInå
nowfeelasamostsevereevil,Ihar
havenofriend,Margaret:whenIamglowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,
det
therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;hvis
ifIamassailedbydisappointment,ingen
noonewillendeavourtosustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itis
sant
true;butthatisa
dårlig
poormediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethecompanyof
en
amanwhocouldsympathisemed
withme,whoseeyeswouldreplytomine
mine.Youmaydeemmeromantic,my
kjære
dearsister,butIbitterlyføler
feelthewantofavenn
friend.Ihavenoonenearme,gentleyetcourageous,possessedofacultivatedas
vel
wellasofacapacioussinn
mind,whosetastesarelikemyegen
own,toapproveoramendmyplans.Hvordan
Howwouldsuchafriendrepairthefaultsofyourstakkars
poorbrother!Iamtooardentinexecution
og
andtooimpatientofdifficulties.Men
ButitisastillgreatereviltomethatIamself-educated:for
de
thefirstfourteenyearsofmyliv
lifeIranwildonen
acommonandreadnothingbutourOnkel
UncleThomas’booksofvoyages.AtthatageI
ble
becameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofoureget
owncountry;butitwasonly
da
whenithadceasedtobeinmymakt
powertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromslik
suchaconvictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofbli
becomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesenn
thanthatofmynativecountry.Nå
NowIamtwenty-eightandaminrealitymer
moreilliteratethanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.Itis
sant
truethatIhavethoughtmer
moreandthatmydaydreamsaremer
moreextendedandmagnificent,buttheyvil
want(asthepainterscallit)holde
keeping;andIgreatlyneed
en
afriendwhowouldhavesensenok
enoughnottodespisemeasromantic,og
andaffectionenoughformetoendeavourtoregulatemysinn
mind.Well,theseareuselesscomplaints;
Ishallcertainly
finne
findnofriendonthewideocean,norevenher
hereinArchangel,amongmerchantsog
andseamen.Yetsomefeelings,unalliedtothedrossof
menneskelig
humannature,beatevenindisse
theseruggedbosoms.Mylieutenant,forinstance,is
en
amanofwonderfulcourageog
andenterprise;heismadlydesirousofglory,
eller
orrather,towordmyphrasemer
morecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisprofession.Heis
en
anEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalog
andprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,retainsnoen
someofthenoblestendowmentsofhumanity.I
først
firstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboarden
awhalevessel;findingthathewasunemployedin
denne
thiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtoassistinmyenterprise.Themasterisa
person
personofanexcellentdispositionog
andisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessog
andthemildnessofhisdiscipline.Denne
Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-knownintegrityog
anddauntlesscourage,mademeveldig
verydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedinsolitude,my
beste
bestyearsspentunderyourgentleog
andfemininefosterage,hassorefinedden
thegroundworkofmycharacterat
thatIcannotovercomeanintensedistastetoden
theusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:I
har
haveneverbelievedittobenecessary,og
andwhenIheardofen
amarinerequallynotedforhiskindlinessofhjerte
heartandtherespectandobediencebetalt
paidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlyfortunateinbeingstand
abletosecurehisservices.I
hørte
heardofhimfirstinratheren
aromanticmanner,fromadame
ladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherliv
life.This,briefly,ishis
historie
story.Someyearsagohe
elsket
lovedayoungRussianladyofmoderatefortune,og
andhavingamassedaconsiderablesuminprize-money,thefaren
fatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.He
så
sawhismistressoncebeforeden
thedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,
og
andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,confessingatthesamme
sametimethatshelovedanother,men
butthathewaspoor,og
andthatherfatherwouldaldri
neverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerous
venn
friendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofden
thenameofherlover,instantlyabandonedhispursuit.He
hadde
hadalreadyboughtafarmmed
withhismoney,onwhichhehadde
haddesignedtopasstheremainderofhisliv
life;buthebestowedthe
hele
wholeonhisrival,togethermed
withtheremainsofhisprize-moneytopurchasestock,og
andthenhimselfsolicitedtheunge
youngwoman’sfathertoconsenttohermarriagemed
withherlover.Butthe
gamle
oldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyvenn
friend,who,whenhefoundden
thefatherinexorable,quittedhisland
country,norreturneduntilhehørte
heardthathisformermistresswasgift
marriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
you
vil
willexclaim.Heisso;
men
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:heisassilentas
en
aTurk,andakindofignorantcarelessnessattendsham
him,which,whileitrendershisconductthemer
moreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestog
andsympathywhichotherwiseheville
wouldcommand.Yetdonotsuppose,
fordi
becauseIcomplainalittleeller
orbecauseIcanconceiveen
aconsolationformytoilswhichImayaldri
neverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Thoseareasfixedasfate,
og
andmyvoyageisonlynå
nowdelayeduntiltheweathershallpermitmyembarkation.Thewinter
har
hasbeendreadfullysevere,butthespringlover
promiseswell,anditisconsideredasen
aremarkablyearlyseason,sothatperhapsImaysailsoonerenn
thanIexpected.Ishall
gjøre
donothingrashly:youknowmesufficientlytoconfideinmyprudence
og
andconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomyomsorg
care.Icannotdescribetoyoumysensationson
den
thenearprospectofmyundertaking.Itisimpossibletocommunicatetoyou
en
aconceptionofthetremblingsensation,halfpleasurableog
andhalffearful,withwhichIampreparingtodepart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmist
og
andsnow,”butIshalldrepe
killnoalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafety
eller
orifIshouldcometilbake
backtoyouaswornog
andwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”You
vil
willsmileatmyallusion,men
butIwilldiscloseasecret.I
har
haveoftenattributedmyattachmentto,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofthemest
mostimaginativeofmodernpoets.Det
Thereissomethingatworkinmysoulsom
whichIdonotunderstand.Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,
en
aworkmantoexecutewithperseveranceog
andlabour—butbesidesthisthereisen
aloveforthemarvellous,en
abeliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinalle
allmyprojects,whichhurriesmeut
outofthecommonpathwaysofmen,eventode
thewildseaandunvisitedregionsIamabouttoexplore.Men
Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.ShallI
møte
meetyouagain,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,og
andreturnedbythemostsoutherncapeofAfricaeller
orAmerica?Idarenotexpect
slik
suchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartose
lookonthereverseofthepicture.Continueforthepresentto
skrive
writetomebyeveryopportunity:I
kan
mayreceiveyourlettersonnoen
someoccasionswhenIneedthemmest
mosttosupportmyspirits.I
elsker
loveyouverytenderly.Rememberme
med
withaffection,shouldyouneverhører
hearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
July7th,17—.
My
kjære
dearSister,.Iwritea
noen
fewlinesinhastetosi
saythatIamsafe—andgodt
welladvancedonmyvoyage.Dette
ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyen
amerchantmannowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;mer
morefortunatethanI,whomaynotser
seemynativeland,perhaps,formange
manyyears.Iam,however,in
godt
goodspirits:mymenarebold
og
andapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordode
thefloatingsheetsoficethatcontinuallypassoss
us,indicatingthedangersofde
theregiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaydem
them.Wehavealreadyreached
en
averyhighlatitude;butitistheheightofsummer,
og
andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,whichblowusspeedilytowardsthoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretoattain,breatheen
adegreeofrenovatingwarmthwhichIhadde
hadnotexpected.Noincidents
har
havehithertobefallenusthatville
wouldmakeafigureinaletter.One
eller
ortwostiffgalesandthespringingofaleakareaccidentssom
whichexperiencednavigatorsscarcelyremembertorecord,og
andIshallbewellcontenthvis
ifnothingworsehappentousduringourvoyage.Adieu,my
kjære
dearMargaret.Beassuredthatformy
egen
ownsake,aswellasdin
yours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.I
vil
willbecool,persevering,andprudent.Men
Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.Whereforenot?
Thus
langt
farIhavegone,tracingen
asecurewayoverthepathlessseas,de
theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesog
andtestimoniesofmytriumph.Hvorfor
Whynotstillproceedoverden
theuntamedyetobedientelement?What
kan
canstopthedeterminedheartog
andresolvedwillofman?Myswelling
hjerte
heartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.Men
ButImustfinish.Heavenblessmybeloved
søster
sister!Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
Sostrange
en
anaccidenthashappenedtousthatIcannotforbearrecordingit,althoughitissvært
veryprobablethatyouwillse
seemebeforethesepaperskan
cancomeintoyourpossession.Siste
LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,whichlukket
closedintheshiponalle
allsides,scarcelyleavingherthesea-roominwhichshefloated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundby
en
averythickfog.Weaccordinglylay
til
to,hopingthatsomechangeville
wouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereog
andweather.Abouttwoo’clockthemistcleared
bort
away,andwebeheld,stretchedut
outineverydirection,vastog
andirregularplainsofice,som
whichseemedtohavenoende
end.Someofmycomradesgroaned,
og
andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulmed
withanxiousthoughts,whenastrangesightsuddenlyattractedourattentionog
anddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceived
en
alowcarriage,fixedonen
asledgeanddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalv
halfamile;abeing
som
whichhadtheshapeofet
aman,butapparentlyofgiganticstature,satt
satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.We
så
watchedtherapidprogressofthetravellermed
withourtelescopesuntilhewastapt
lostamongthedistantinequalitiesoftheice.Dette
Thisappearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswe
trodde
believed,manyhundredmilesfromanyland;men
butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,sodistantaswehadde
hadsupposed.Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibleto
følge
followhistrack,whichwehadde
hadobservedwiththegreatestattention.About
to
twohoursafterthisoccurrencewehørte
heardthegroundsea,andfør
beforenighttheicebrokeog
andfreedourship.We,however,
lå
laytountilthemorning,fearingtoencounterinthedarkthoselargeloosemassessom
whichfloataboutafterthebrutt
breakingupoftheice.Iprofitedof
denne
thistimetorestforanoen
fewhours.Inthemorning,however,as
snart
soonasitwaslight,Igikk
wentupondeckandfoundalle
allthesailorsbusyonden ene
onesideofthevessel,apparentlysnakker
talkingtosomeoneinthesea.Itwas,in
faktisk
fact,asledge,likethatwehadde
hadseenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusinthenatten
nightonalargefragmentofice.Bare
Onlyonedogremainedalive;men
buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingtoenterthevessel.Hewasnot,as
den
theothertravellerseemedtobe,en
asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,men
butaEuropean.WhenIappearedondeckthemaster
sa
said,“Hereisourcaptain,og
andhewillnotallowyoutoperishontheåpent
opensea.”Onperceivingme,
den
thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughmed
withaforeignaccent.“BeforeI
kommer
comeonboardyourvessel,”sa
saidhe,“willyouhaveden
thekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”Youmayconceivemyastonishmenton
høre
hearingsuchaquestionaddressedtomefromamann
manonthebrinkofdestructionog
andtowhomIshouldha
havesupposedthatmyvesselville
wouldhavebeenaresourcewhichheville
wouldnothaveexchangedforden
themostpreciouswealththejorden
earthcanafford.Ireplied,however,
at
thatwewereonavoyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorthernpole.Upon
hørte
hearingthisheappearedsatisfiedog
andconsentedtocomeonboard.Good
Guds
God!Margaret,ifyouhadseenthe
mannen
manwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurpriseville
wouldhavebeenboundless.Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,
og
andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedbyfatigueog
andsuffering.Ineversaw
en
amaninsowretcheden
acondition.Weattemptedtocarryhiminto
den
thecabin,butassoonashehadde
hadquittedthefreshairhefainted.Weaccordingly
brakte
broughthimbacktothedeckog
andrestoredhimtoanimationbyrubbinghimmed
withbrandyandforcinghimtoswallowen
asmallquantity.Assoonashe
viste
showedsignsoflifewewrappedhimupinblanketsog
andplacedhimnearthechimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecovered
og
andatealittlesoup,som
whichrestoredhimwonderfully.Twodayspassedin
denne
thismannerbeforehewasstand
abletospeak,andIoftenfearedat
thathissufferingshaddeprivedhimofunderstanding.Da
Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyegen
owncabinandattendedonhimasmye
muchasmydutywouldpermit.I
aldri
neversawamoreinterestingcreature:hiseyes
har
havegenerallyanexpressionofwildness,og
andevenmadness,buttherearemomentsnår
when,ifanyoneperformsanactofkindnesstowardshimeller
ordoeshimanythemest
mosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedopp
up,asitwere,withabeamofbenevolenceog
andsweetnessthatIneversawequalled.Men
Butheisgenerallymelancholyog
anddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asom
ifimpatientoftheweightofwoesthatoppressesham
him.WhenmyguestwasalittlerecoveredI
hadde
hadgreattroubletokeepav
offthemen,whowishedtostille
askhimathousandquestions;