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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Norwegian A1 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Norwegian A1 Translation Books

Discover the advantages of this innovative translation method, designed to cater to your learning needs. You can select your preferred difficulty level, ensuring a well-balanced challenge that isn't too overwhelming. This technique sharpens your comprehension skills by encouraging you to derive meaning from context, minimizing the need for direct translations. While some words are purposefully obscured to promote contextual guessing, looking up unclear terms is always an option. With this method, language learning becomes both accessible and enjoyable, blending challenge with support. Explore translated classics and experience the excitement of learning through literature.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
alle
allphilosophers,insofarasthey
har
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
forstå
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
og
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
har
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Sannheten
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
vinne
winningawoman?
Certainlyshe
har
hasneverallowedherselftobe
vinne
won;
andatpresenteverykindofdogma
står
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,it
står
standsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatit
har
hasfallen,thatalldogma
ligger
liesontheground—naymore,thatitisatits
siste
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
god
goodgroundsforhopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,
uansett
whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,
kan
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
og
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
tiden
timeisathandwhenit
vil
willbeonceandagain
forstått
understoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisof
slike
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
har
havehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tid
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
og
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceased
gjøre
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
eller
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
veldig
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobe
håpe
hoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyin
fortsatt
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
sannsynligvis
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
og
andpatiencehavebeenspent
enn
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
og
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
og
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hjerte
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
alle
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
jorden
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
har
hasbeenacaricatureof
denne
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
og
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
må
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
mest
mosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
en
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
og
andtheGoodinItself.
Men
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
når
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
kan
canagaindrawbreathfreely
og
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
vi
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrength
som
whichthestruggleagainstthiserror
har
hasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sannheten
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
livet
life,tospeakofSpirit
og
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
dem
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
slik
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hadde
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
ham
him?
WasSocratesafterall
en
acorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Men
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
snakke
speakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggle
mot
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
For
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Den
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
en
amagnificenttensionofsoul,
slik
suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
med
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
kan
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
en
amatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
denne
thistensionasastateofdistress,
og
andtwiceattemptshavebeen
gjort
madeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
og
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
med
withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
og
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,
få
bringitaboutthatthespirit
ville
wouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
dem
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Men
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,we
Gode
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERY
frie
freespirits—wehaveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
og
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Og
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
og
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIM
På
AT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
Den
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
mange
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessof
hvilke
whichallphilosophershavehitherto
snakket
spokenwithrespect,whatquestions
har
hasthisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
oss
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
allerede
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsas
om
ifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonder
om
ifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
mister
losepatience,andturnimpatiently
bort
away?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
stille
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
egentlig
reallythatputsquestionstous
her
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
oss
us?
Infactwemadealonghaltatthe
spørsmål
questionastotheoriginof
denne
thisWill—untilatlastwe
kom
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforea
enda
yetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
om
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
at
thatwewantthetruth:
Hvorfor
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
som
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
her
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobe
et
arendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
Og
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousas
om
iftheproblemhadneverbeenpropounded
før
before,asifwewere
de
thefirsttodiscernit,get
et
asightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,
kanskje
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Kan
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
sannhet
truthoutoferror?
ortheWillto
Sannhet
Truthoutofthewilltodeception?
eller
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
eller
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
den
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Slik
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
en
afool,nay,worsethan
en
afool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthavea
annen
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
denne
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
verden
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
og
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Men
ButratherinthelapofBeing,in
den
theintransitory,intheconcealed
Gud
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
og
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdiscloses
den
thetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
alle
alltimescanberecognized,
denne
thismodeofvaluationisat
den
thebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
gjennom
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
noe
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
Den
Thefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
Den
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
aldri
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
her
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
mest
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
et
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
og
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
og
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
har
havesettheirseal,arenot
kanskje
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
sannsynligvis
probablymadefromsomecorner,
kanskje
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
et
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
sanne
true,thepositive,andtheunselfish,it
kan
mightbepossiblethatahigher
og
andmorefundamentalvaluefor
livet
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
og
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
mulig
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
gode
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
og
andcrochetedtotheseevil
og
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
med
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimself
med
withsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
ny
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
vil
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Og
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
ser
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Having
holdt
keptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
og
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
lenge
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
delen
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
og
anditissoeveninthe
tilfelle
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
one
har
hasheretolearnanew,as
man
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
og
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirth
kommer
comesintoconsiderationinthe
hele
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,
akkurat
justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
noen
anydecisivesense;
thegreater
delen
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
en
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
og
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Og
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
eller
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
en
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
mer
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluable
enn
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Oss
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,
spesielle
specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeings
slike
suchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
at
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
en
anopinionisnotforus
noen
anyobjectiontoit:
itis
her
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguage
høres
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,
hvor
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
kanskje
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
mest
mostindispensabletous,that
uten
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
uten
withoutacomparisonofreality
med
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
og
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
verden
worldbymeansofnumbers,
mennesket
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
ville
wouldbearenunciationof
liv
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
En
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugn
de
thetraditionalideasofvaluein
en
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventuresto
gjøre
doso,hastherebyalone
plassert
placeditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
og
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
hvor
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
og
andeasilytheymakemistakes
og
andlosetheirway,inshort,
hvor
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
nok
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereasthey
alle
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
når
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
selv
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
alle
allposeasthoughtheir
virkelige
realopinionshadbeendiscovered
og
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
kald
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
I
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
og
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,
idé
idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
og
andrefined,isdefendedbythem
med
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
alle
alladvocateswhodonot
ønsker
wishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
også
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Veldig
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
dette
thistoitself,veryfarfrom
ha
havingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhich
går
goessofarasto
la
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarn
venn
friendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
og
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamle
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
med
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
finner
findnosmallamusementinspying
ut
outthesubtletricksof
gamle
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Eller
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
har
has,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
og
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
og
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
hjertet
heartoftheassailantwho
skulle
shoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
mye
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
denne
thismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
har
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
hver
everygreatphilosophyuptill
nå
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
og
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
og
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthat
den
themoral(orimmoral)purposein
hver
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sanne
truevitalgermoutofwhich
den
theentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
forstå
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
en
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
alltid
alwayswell(andwise)to
først
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
tror
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
faren
fatherofphilosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,
her
hereaselsewhere,hasonly
gjort
madeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
et
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
med
withaviewtodetermining
hvor
howfartheymayhave
her
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Eller
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
vil
willfindthattheyhave
alle
allpracticedphilosophyatone
tid
timeoranother,andthat
hver
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeen
bare
onlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
og
andthelegitimateLORDover
alle
alltheotherimpulses.
For
hver
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sikker
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
tilfelle
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
kan
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyou
vil
will;
theretheremayreallybe
slik
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
liten
small,independentclock-work,which,when
godt
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Uten
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tar
takinganymaterialparttherein.
De
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyin
helt
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
kanskje
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
faktisk
fact,almostindifferentatwhat
tidspunkt
pointofresearchhislittlemachineis
plassert
placed,andwhetherthehopeful
unge
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
en
amushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
bli
becomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,
det
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
og
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
et
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Hvem
WHOHEIS,—thatisto
si
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
står
standtoeachother.
7.
Hvor
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
vet
knowofnothingmorestinging
enn
thanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
gjøre
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
kalte
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
og
andonthefaceof
det
it,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
og
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
mye
muchastosay,"Theyare
alle
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuine
om
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
navn
nameforanactor).
And
den
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
som
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedby
den
thegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleof
som
whichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
som
whichEpicuruswasnota
mester
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
satt
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
og
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
kanskje
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
vet
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearsto
finne
findoutwhothegarden-godEpicurus
virkelig
reallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
et
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
eller
or,toputitinthewordsof
et
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Leve
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
som
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
uten
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpity
eller
orjustice,atoncefruitful
og
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
en
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordance
med
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnot
det
thatjustendeavouringtobeotherwise
enn
thanthisNature?
Isnot
leve
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
annerledes
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
betyr
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
kan
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
skulle
shouldyoumakeaprinciple
ut
outofwhatyouyourselves
er
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
helt
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendto
leser
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
lov
lawinNature,youwant
noe
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
og
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
ønsker
wishtodictateyourmorals
og
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
og
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
og
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemade
etter
afteryourownimage,as
en
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Med
Withallyourlovefor
sannheten
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
lenge
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
se
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
si
say,Stoically,thatyouarenolonger
stand
abletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
alt
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
håp
hopethatBECAUSEyouare
stand
abletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Nature
vil
willalsoallowherselftobetyrannized
over
over:
isnottheStoic
en
aPARTofNature?...
But
dette
thisisanoldandeverlasting
historie
story:
whathappenedinoldtimes
med
withtheStoicsstillhappenstoday,as
snart
soonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
tro
believeinitself.
Italwayscreatesthe
verden
worldinitsownimage;
itcannot
gjøre
dootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
den
themostspiritualWillto
Makt
Power,thewillto"creationof
den
theworld,"thewillto
den
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
og
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
si
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"the
virkelige
realandtheapparentworld"isdealt
med
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
mat
foodforthoughtandattention;
og
andhewhohearsonly
en
a"WilltoTruth"in
de
thebackground,andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastof
de
thesharpestears.
Inrare
og
andisolatedcases,itmay
virkelig
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
en
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
og
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
alltid
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
en
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
det
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
som
whoprefertoputtheir
siste
lasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
Men
ButthatisNihilism,and
den
thesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstanding
den
thecourageousbearingsuchavirtue
kan
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
med
withstrongerandlivelierthinkers
som
whoarestilleagerfor
livet
life.
Inthattheyside
Mot
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheir
egne
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearth
står
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowing
med
withcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhat
vet
doesoneatpresentbelievein
mer
morefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
vet
knowsiftheyarenot
virkelig
reallytryingtowinback
noe
somethingwhichwasformerlyan
enda
evensecurerpossession,somethingofthe
gamle
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
kanskje
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
gamle
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
kunne
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,
mer
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
enn
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
disse
thesemodernideasinthismodeof
se
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
alt
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
og
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
og
andscorn,whichcannolongerendure
den
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasof
den
themostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowson
den
themarket;
adisgustof
den
themorerefinedtasteat
den
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessof
alle
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
det
thereisnothingeithernew
eller
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatwe
bør
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
og
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
dag
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
what
gjør
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
oss
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
ønsker
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
ønsker
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Alittle
Mer
MOREstrength,swing,courage,andartistic
kraft
power,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
tilbake
back!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhere
et
anattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
og
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhe
satte
setuponhimself.
Kantwas
først
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
med
withitinhishandhe
sa
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthing
som
thatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
La
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudof
ha
havingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyin
mennesket
man,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
en
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
denne
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
og
andontheeagerrivalryof
den
theyoungergenerationtodiscover
om
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
som
whichtobestillprouder!—But
la
letusreflectforamoment—itis
høy
hightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
spør
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
svar
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
fem
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
og
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
og
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
mister
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
svar
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
med
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
og
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
da
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthat
tiden
timeGermanswerestillmoral,not
ennå
yetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
kom
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Alle
Alltheyoungtheologiansof
de
theTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyinto
de
thegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Og
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
og
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
og
andsang,whenonecouldnot
ennå
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
alt
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristened
det
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratified
de
themostearnestlongingsof
de
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
kan
candonogreaterwrongtothe
hele
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwas
egentlig
reallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
og
andsenileconceptions),thanto
ta
takeitseriously,oreventreatit
med
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
verden
worldgrewolder,andthe
drømmen
dreamvanished.
Atimecame
da
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
og
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Folk
Peoplehadbeendreaming,and
først
firstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
eller
oratleastmeantto
si
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
En
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
en
arepetitionofthequestion?
Hvordan
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
legen
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
og
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"Howaresyntheticjudgments
en
aPRIORIpossible?"
byanother
spørsmål
question,"Whyisbeliefin
slike
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itis
høy
hightimethatweshould
forstå
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
sant
true,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
om
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Eller
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
og
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
bør
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
har
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
ingenting
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,of
selvfølgelig
course,thebeliefintheir
sannhet
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
og
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
livet
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
håper
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
hele
wholeofEurope,thereis
ingen
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
en
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
og
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
alle
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
fortsatt
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
siste
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...