CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
Inthe
år
year1878ItookmydegreeofDoktor
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,og
andproceededtoNetleytogå
gothroughthecourseprescribedforsurgeonsinthearmy.Ha
Havingcompletedmystudiesthere,IwasdulyattachedtotheFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthe
tiden
time,andbeforeIcouldjoinit,theandre
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenut
out.OnlandingatBombay,I
vite
learnedthatmycorpshadadvancedgjennom
throughthepasses,andwasallerede
alreadydeepintheenemy’sland
country.Ifollowed,however,with
mange
manyotherofficerswhowereinthesamme
samesituationasmyself,andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,hvor
whereIfoundmyregiment,og
andatonceentereduponmynye
newduties.Thecampaignbroughthonours
og
andpromotiontomany,butformeithadde
hadnothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
og
andattachedtotheBerkshires,med
withwhomIservedatthefatalbattleofMaiwand.ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderby
en
aJezailbullet,whichshatteredtheboneog
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.I
skulle
shouldhavefallenintothehandsofde
themurderousGhazishaditnotbeenforde
thedevotionandcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,som
whothrewmeacrossapack-horse,og
andsucceededinbringingmesafelytode
theBritishlines.Wornwithpain,
og
andweakfromtheprolongedhardshipssom
whichIhadundergone,Iwasremoved,med
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tode
thebasehospitalatPeshawar.Her
HereIrallied,andhadallerede
alreadyimprovedsofarastobestand
abletowalkaboutthewards,og
andeventobaskalittleupontheverandah,da
whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
livet
lifewasdespairedof,andda
whenatlastIcametomyselfog
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweakog
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedat
thatnotadayshouldbetapt
lostinsendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
og
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,med
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,men
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendtheneste
nextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.I
hadde
hadneitherkithnorkininEngland,og
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—orasfri
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingsog
andsixpenceadaywillpermitamann
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,that
store
greatcesspoolintowhichallden
theloungersandidlersofden
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Der
ThereIstayedforsometid
timeataprivatehotelintheStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,og
andspendingsuchmoneyasIhadde
had,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarming
gjøre
didthestateofmyfinancesble
become,thatIsoonrealizedat
thatImusteitherleavethemetropolisog
andrusticatesomewhereinthecountry,eller
orthatImustmakeacompletealterationinmystyleofliving.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganby
gjøre
makingupmymindtoforlate
leavethehotel,andtota
takeupmyquartersinnoen
somelesspretentiousandlessexpensivedomicile.Onthevery
dag
daythatIhadcometodenne
thisconclusion,IwasstandingattheCriterionBar,da
whensomeonetappedmeontheshoulder,og
andturningroundIrecognizedunge
youngStamford,whohadbeenadresserunder
undermeatBarts.Thesightofafriendly
ansikt
faceinthegreatwildernessofLondonisapleasantting
thingindeedtoalonelymann
man.InolddaysStamford
hadde
hadneverbeenaparticularcronyofmine,men
butnowIhailedhimmed
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhissin tur
turn,appearedtobedelightedtose
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,Iaskedhimtolunch
med
withmeattheHolborn,og
andwestartedofftogetherinen
ahansom.“Whateverhaveyoubeen
gjort
doingwithyourself,Watson?”he
spurte
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattledgjennom
throughthecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
en
alathandasbrownasen
anut.”Igavehim
en
ashortsketchofmyadventures,og
andhadhardlyconcludeditbythetimethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
sa
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadlistenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyou
opp
uptonow?”“Lookingforlodgings,”I
svarte
answered.“Tryingtosolvetheproblemastowhetheritis
mulig
possibletogetcomfortableroomsaten
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youare
den
thesecondmanto-daythathar
hasusedthatexpressiontome.”“And
hvem
whowasthefirst?”I
spurte
asked.“Afellowwhois
jobber
workingatthechemicallaboratoryupatthesykehuset
hospital.Hewasbemoaninghimselfthismorning
fordi
becausehecouldnotgetsomeonetogå
gohalveswithhiminsomefine
niceroomswhichhehadfound,og
andwhichweretoomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
virkelig
reallywantssomeonetoshareden
theroomsandtheexpense,Iamden
theverymanforhim.Ishouldprefer
ha
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Unge
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeover
overhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
kjenner
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hesa
said;“perhapsyouwouldnotcareforhimas
en
aconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatis
det
thereagainsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
sa
saytherewasanythingagainstham
him.Heisalittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastinsomebranchesofscience.
AsfarasI
vet
knowheisadecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
sa
saidI.“No—Ihavenoideawhatheintendsto
gå
goinfor.Ibelieveheis
godt
wellupinanatomy,andheisen
afirst-classchemist;but,asfarasI
vet
know,hehasnevertakenut
outanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesare
veldig
verydesultoryandeccentric,buthehar
hasamassedalotofout-of-theveien
wayknowledgewhichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
aldri
neveraskhimwhathewasgikk
goinginfor?”Iasked.
“No;
heisnot
en
amanthatitislett
easytodrawout,thoughhekan
canbecommunicativeenoughwhenthefancyseizeshim.”“Ishouldliketo
møte
meethim,”Isaid.“IfIamtolodge
med
withanyone,Ishouldpreferen
amanofstudiousandstille
quiethabits.Iamnotstrong
nok
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseeller
orexcitement.Ihadenoughof
begge
bothinAfghanistantolastmefortheremainderofmynaturalexistence.Hvordan
HowcouldImeetthisvennen
friendofyours?”“Heis
sikker
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“He
enten
eitheravoidstheplaceforweeks,eller
orelseheworkstherefrommorgen
morningtonight.Ifyoulike,weshall
kjøre
driveroundtogetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”I
svarte
answered,andtheconversationdriftedbort
awayintootherchannels.Aswe
gjorde
madeourwaytothesykehuset
hospitalafterleavingtheHolborn,Stamfordgavemeen
afewmoreparticularsaboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtota
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
hvis
ifyoudon’tgetonmed
withhim,”hesaid;“I
vet
knownothingmoreofhimenn
thanIhavelearnedfrommøte
meetinghimoccasionallyinthelaboratory.Youproposed
denne
thisarrangement,soyoumustnotholde
holdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’t
kommer
getonitwillbelett
easytopartcompany,”Isvarte
answered.“Itseemstome,Stamford,”Iadded,
ser
lookinghardatmycompanion,“thatyouhar
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsofthesaken
matter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
eller
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthed
om
aboutit.”“Itisnot
lett
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”hesvarte
answeredwithalaugh.“Holmesisalittletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.
I
kunne
couldimaginehisgivingavenn
friendalittlepinchofden
thelatestvegetablealkaloid,notut
outofmalevolence,youunderstand,men
butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertoha
haveanaccurateideaofden
theeffects.Todohimjustice,I
tror
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfmed
withthesamereadiness.Heappearsto
ha
haveapassionfordefiniteog
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
men
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Når
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomsmed
withastick,itiscertainlyta
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beatingthesubjects!”
“Yes,toverify
hvor
howfarbruisesmaybeproducedetter
afterdeath.Isawhimatit
med
withmyowneyes.”“And
likevel
yetyousayheisnoten
amedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
vet
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudieser
are.Buthereweare,
og
andyoumustformyouregne
ownimpressionsabouthim.”Ashe
snakket
spoke,weturneddownanarrowlaneog
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,whichåpnet
openedintoawingofde
thegreathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
meg
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircaseog
andmadeourwaydownthelongcorridormed
withitsvistaofwhitewashedwallog
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
enden
endalowarchedpassagebranchedbort
awayfromitandledtothechemicallaboratory.Dette
Thiswasaloftychamber,linedog
andlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescattered
om
about,whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,og
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Det
Therewasonlyonestudentintherommet
room,whowasbendingoveradistanttableabsorbedinhisarbeid
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
og
andsprangtohisfeetmed
withacryofpleasure.“I’vefound
det
it!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,
løper
runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhishånden
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
som
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,og
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
en
agoldmine,greaterdelightkunne
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”
sa
saidStamford,introducingus.“Howareyou?”
he
sa
saidcordially,grippingmyhandmed
withastrengthforwhichIskulle
shouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit.“You
har
havebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”“Howonearth
visste
didyouknowthat?”I
spurte
askedinastonishment.“Nevermind,”
sa
saidhe,chucklingtohimself.“Thequestion
nå
nowisabouthæmoglobin.Nodoubtyou
ser
seethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,nodoubt,”I
svarte
answered,“butpractically——”.“Why,man,itisthe
mest
mostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
ser
seethatitgivesusen
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Kom
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmebythecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,
og
anddrewmeovertothetableatder
whichhehadbeenworking.“Letushave
litt
somefreshblood,”hesaid,diggingen
alongbodkinintohisfinger,og
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofblod
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
denne
thissmallquantityofbloodtoen
alitreofwater.Youperceive
at
thattheresultingmixturehasden
theappearanceofpurewater.Theproportionof
blod
bloodcannotbemorethanoneinamillion
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,
at
thatweshallbeabletoobtainden
thecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
snakket
spoke,hethrewintothevesselen
afewwhitecrystals,andthenaddedsomedropsofen
atransparentfluid.Inaninstantthecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,
og
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtothebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
og
andlookingasdelightedasabarn
childwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyouthinkofthat?”
“Itseemstobe
en
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
beautiful!
Den
TheoldGuiacumtestwasveldig
veryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthemicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.
Thelatterisvalueless
hvis
ifthestainsareafewhoursgamle
old.Now,thisappearstoactaswellwhetherthebloodisold
eller
ornew.Hadthistestbeeninvented,
det
therearehundredsofmennå
nowwalkingtheearthwhoville
wouldlongagohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhingingupon
det
thatonepoint.Amanissuspectedof
en
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithar
hasbeencommitted.Hislinen
eller
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscoveredupondem
them.Aretheybloodstains,
eller
ormudstains,orruststains,eller
orfruitstains,orwhatarede
they?Thatisaquestionwhich
har
haspuzzledmanyanexpert,og
andwhy?Becausetherewasnoreliabletest.
Nå
NowwehavetheSherlockHolmes’test,og
andtherewillnolongerbenoen
anydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashe
snakket
spoke,andheputhishånden
handoverhisheartandbowedasom
iftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewasthe
saken
caseofVonBischoffatFrankfortlastyear.He
ville
wouldcertainlyhavebeenhunghaddenne
thistestbeeninexistence.Then
det
therewasMasonofBradford,og
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,og
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
kunne
couldnameascoreofcasesinder
whichitwouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobeawalkingcalendarofcrime,”
sa
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
kan
mightstartapaperondisse
thoselines.Callitthe‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.
“Veryinterestingreadingit
kan
mightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickinget
asmallpieceofplasterover
overtheprickonhisfinger.“I
må
havetobecareful,”hecontinued,turningtomemed
withasmile,“forIdabblemed
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheld
ut
outhishandashesnakket
spoke,andInoticedthatitwasalt
allmottledoverwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,og
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“We
kom
camehereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sitter
sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,og
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectionmed
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
her
herewantstotakediggings,og
andasyouwerecomplainingthatyoukunne
couldgetnoonetogå
gohalveswithyou,Itenkte
thoughtthatIhadbetterbringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedatthe
ideen
ideaofsharinghisroomsmed
withme.“Ihavemyeyeon
en
asuiteinBakerStreet,”hesa
said,“whichwouldsuitusned
downtotheground.Youdon’tmindthesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”
“I
alltid
alwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Isvarte
answered.“That’sgoodenough.
Igenerally
har
havechemicalsabout,andoccasionallygjøre
doexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“Bynomeans.”
“Letmesee—whataremy
andre
othershortcomings.Igetinthedumpsattimes,
og
anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.You
må
mustnotthinkIamsulkynår
whenIdothat.Just
la
letmealone,andI’llsnart
soonberight.Whathaveyoutoconfess
nå
now?It’sjustaswellfor
to
twofellowstoknowtheworstofoneanotherfør
beforetheybegintolivetogether.”Ilaughedat
denne
thiscross-examination.“Ikeepabullpup,”I
sa
said,“andIobjecttorowsfordi
becausemynervesareshaken,og
andIgetupatalle
allsortsofungodlyhours,og
andIamextremelylazy.I
har
haveanothersetofvicesnår
whenI’mwell,butthosearetheprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
spurte
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”I
svarte
answered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatforthegods—abadly-playedone——”.
“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
med
withamerrylaugh.“I
tror
thinkwemayconsiderthethingassettled—thatis,hvis
iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
se
seethem?”“Callforme
her
hereatnoonto-morrow,andwe’llgå
gotogetherandsettleeverything,”hesvarte
answered.“Allright—noonexactly,”said
Jeg
I,shakinghishand.We
forlot
lefthimworkingamonghischemicals,og
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
spurte
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucevisste
didheknowthatIhadde
hadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
et
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthis
lille
littlepeculiarity,”hesaid.“Agoodmany
mennesker
peoplehavewantedtoknowhvordan
howhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
et
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
veldig
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyoufor
bringe
bringingustogether.‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
må
muststudyhim,then,”Stamfordsa
said,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
finne
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhe
lærer
learnsmoreaboutyouthanyouom
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.