PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thatthe
끔찍한
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhave보통
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningawoman?확실히
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;그리고
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsad그리고
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
모든
alldogmaliesontheground—nay더
more,thatitisatits마지막
lastgasp.Buttospeakseriously,thereare
좋은
goodgroundsforhopingthat모든
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,may가질
havebeenonlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;그리고
andprobablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbeonce그리고
andagainunderstoodWHAThas실제로
actuallysufficedforthebasisof같은
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:아마도
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformof주체
subject-andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
perhaps
어떤
someplayuponwords,a속임수
deceptiononthepartofgrammar,또는
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof매우
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichprobably
더
morelabour,gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonany실제
actualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,
그리고
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia그리고
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
모든
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—for
들어
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
비록
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessed그
thattheworst,themosttiresome,고
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof순수한
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.그러나
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,때
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,수
canagaindrawbreathfreelyandat적어도
leastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof모든
allthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainst이
thiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
근본적인
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;실제로
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:"Howdidsuchamalady
공격할
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?Hadthe
사악한
wickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
그러나
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,그리고
andforthe"people"—thestruggleagainsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity위한
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;가진
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone수
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
사실
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateofdistress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,
그리고
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress그리고
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotso쉽게
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
하지만
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)그러나
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor심지어
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,and자유로운
free,VERYfreespirits—wehaveit여전히
still,allthedistressofspiritand모든
allthetensionofitsbow!그리고
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the의무
duty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
장
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
많은
manyahazardousenterprise,the유명한
famousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophers가지고
havehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshas이
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
이미
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwere
거의
hardlycommenced.Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
잃고
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
누가
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous여기
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
우리
us?Infactwemadea
오랫동안
longhaltatthequestionastotheoriginof이
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet더
morefundamentalquestion.Weinquired
대해
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.Grantedthatwewantthe
진실을
truth:WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
그리고
Anduncertainty?Evenignorance?
The
문제
problemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe문제
problem?WhichofusistheOedipushere?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
그리고
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemhadneverbeenpropounded전에
before,asifwewerethe먼저
firsttodiscernit,getasightofit,그리고
andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereisriskinraisingit,
아마도
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofits
반대
opposite?Forexample,truthoutoferror?
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthewilltodeception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
orthe
순수한
puresun-brightvisionofthe지혜로운
wisemanoutofcovetousness?그러한
Suchgenesisisimpossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemust
가질
haveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in이
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,in이
thisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot가질
havetheirsource.ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
하느님
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeof추론
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudiceby있는
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes수
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof모든
alltheirlogicalprocedure;through
이
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."The
근본적인
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.It
결코
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,그러나
however,wasmostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmadea
엄숙한
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Forit
수
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;그리고
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations그리고
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.Inspiteof
모든
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigherand더
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.Itmight
심지어
evenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedto이
theseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhaps심지어
eveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwiththem.Perhaps!
하지만
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith그런
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
새로운
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhave다른
othertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe위험한
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.그리고
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Isee그러한
suchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
그리고
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines오래
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,그리고
anditissoeveninthecaseof철학적
philosophicalthinking;onehasheretolearnanew,as
한
onelearnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
전체
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinany결정적인
decisivesense;thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,andforcedintodefinitechannels.
그리고
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming주권
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,또는
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainis가치가
worthmorethantheuncertain,thatillusionis덜
lessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor우리
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybe필요한
necessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
단지
justthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforus
어떤
anyobjectiontoit:itis
여기서
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesounds가장
moststrangely.Thequestionis,
얼마나
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare근본적으로
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(to어떤
whichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori속하는
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,that않고
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,않고
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe순전히
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,않고
withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
확실히
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueina위험한
dangerousmanner,andaphilosophy있는
whichventurestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodandevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
얼마나
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenand쉽게
easilytheymakemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,얼마나
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereasthey모두
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry때
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.They
모두
allposeasthoughtheir진정한
realopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrastto모두
allsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in사실
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,또는
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutafterthe사건
event.Theyarealladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
또한
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and아주
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,아주
veryfarfromhavingthe좋은
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoesso멀리
farastoletthisbeunderstood,아마도
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,또는
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
똑같이
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones미소
smile,wewhofindno작은
smallamusementinspyingoutthe미묘한
subtletricksofoldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.Or,still
더
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail고
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly고
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity고
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
모든
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;그리고
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein모든
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe진정한
truevitalgermoutofwhichtheentire식물
planthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstand
어떻게
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis항상
alwayswell(andwise)to먼저
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoes
그
he)aimat?"Accordingly,I
않습니다
donotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;그러나
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonlymadeuseof지식
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)asaninstrument.
그러나
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof인간의
manwithaviewtodetermining얼마나
howfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII또는
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhave모든
allpracticedphilosophyatonetime또는
oranother,andthateach한
oneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe궁극적인
ultimateendofexistenceandthe합법적인
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.For
모든
everyimpulseisimperious,andas그런
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseof
정말
reallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;therethere
수
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof작은
small,independentclock-work,which,when잘
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslyto그
thatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
따라서
therefore,aregenerallyinquite다른
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,또는
orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,in
사실
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis작은
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopeful젊은
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,a버섯
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthe
반대로
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;그리고
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecided그리고
anddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
얼마나
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!Iknowofnothing
더
morestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
그리고
andonthefaceofit,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories그리고
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"Theyare
모두
allACTORS,thereisnothing진정한
genuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa대중적인
popularnameforanactor).그리고
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
태도
manner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhis
작은
littlegardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrageand야심찬
ambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointin
모든
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;또는
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
고귀한
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
같은
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfulandbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
살
liveinaccordancewithsuchindifference?Tolive—isnotthat
단지
justendeavouringtobeotherwisethan이
thisNature?Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
다른
different?Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
따라
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythe같은
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyou할
doDIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
그리고
andmustbe?Inreality,
그러나
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:동안
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,you비범한
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishtodictateyourmoralsandidealsto
자연
Nature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlike
모든
everythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,영원한
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!With
모든
allyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso오래
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto볼
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare없습니다
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown모든
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouare수
abletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannized이상
over:isnottheStoicaPARTofNature?...
하지만
Butthisisanoldandeverlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonaseveraphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
항상
alwayscreatestheworldinits자신의
ownimage;itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
이
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,the가장
mostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishould
심지어
evensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughout유럽
Europe,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;그리고
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,그리고
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrareandisolatedcases,it
수
mayreallyhavehappenedthat그러한
suchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's야망
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:thatwhichintheendalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadof
아름다운
beautifulpossibilities;theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whoprefertoputtheir
마지막
lasttrustinasure아무것도
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.그러나
ButthatisNihilism,andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing그러한
suchavirtuemaydisplay.Itseems,
그러나
however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare여전히
stilleagerforlife.InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutas
낮게
lowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent믿는
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotreallytryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefin
모든
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterdayandtoday;thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietyandscorn,which
수
cannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe가장
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;a
혐오
disgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessof모든
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis아무것도
nothingeithernewortrue,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatweshouldagreewiththose
회의적인
skepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishtogo"back,"butthattheywishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
조금
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,그리고
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywherean
시도가
attemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,and특히
especiallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhis
손에
handhesaid:"Thisisthe
가장
mostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."Letusonlyunderstand
이
this"couldbe"!HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
새로운
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
이
thismatter;thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
젊은
youngergenerationtodiscoverif가능한
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimeto할
doso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
불행히도
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and함께
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityand언어적
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightof는
thecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin그런
suchananswer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightover
이
thisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimax때
whenKantfurtherdiscovereda도덕적
moralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswere아직도
stillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."ThencamethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Allthe
젊은
youngtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwent즉시
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."그리고
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,그리고
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the악의적인
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,때
whenonecouldnotyetdistinguishbetween"finding"그리고
and"inventing"!Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectual
직관
intuition,andtherebygratifiedthe가장
mostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.One
수
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeof이
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary고
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,or심지어
eventreatitwithmoralindignation.Enough,however—theworldgrew
나이가
older,andthedreamvanished.Atimecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
여전히
stillrubthemtoday.Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,orat
적어도
leastmeanttosay.But,isthat—ananswer?
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrather
단순히
merelyarepetitionofthequestion?어떻게
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
즉
namelythevirtusdormitiva,replies는
thedoctorinMoliere,.But
그러한
suchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldunderstandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
사실
true,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;비록
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!또는
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly그리고
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehave
없습니다
norighttothem;inourmouthstheyare
아무것도
nothingbutfalsejudgments.Only,of
물론
course,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefandocularevidencebelongingtothe관점
perspectiveviewoflife.Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
엄청난
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeof유럽
Europe,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGerman
철학
philosophy,itwasadelighttothe고귀한
nobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,그리고
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof모든
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe여전히
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe지난
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...