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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Indonesian A1-B2 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Indonesian A1-B2 Students

Experience the benefits of this forward-thinking translation strategy that tailors language learning to your specific needs. You have control over the difficulty, which ensures that the content is neither too easy nor overly challenging. This method enhances your ability to understand new words through context, reducing reliance on direct translations. While the translations are subtly obscured to foster learning, you can still look up unclear terms. This balanced approach makes language acquisition smoother and more enjoyable. Delve into these translated literary works and discover the satisfaction of mastering a language through reading.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
seorang
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenot
dasar
groundforsuspectingthatallphilosophers,inso
sejauh
farastheyhavebeendogmatists,
telah
havefailedtounderstandwomen—thatthe
mengerikan
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunity
dengan
withwhichtheyhaveusually
membayar
paidtheiraddressestoTruth,
telah
havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
memenangkan
winningawoman?
Certainlyshehas
pernah
neverallowedherselftobewon;
dan
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
dengan
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
memang
indeed,itstandsatall!
For
ada
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
jatuh
fallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—nay
lebih
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Tapi
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
baik
goodgroundsforhopingthat
semua
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,
apa pun
whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,
mungkin
mayhavebeenonlya
mulia
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
and
mungkin
probablythetimeisathand
ketika
whenitwillbeonce
dan
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
sebenarnya
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
dan
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesas
yang
thedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
mungkin
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
waktu
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,inthe
bentuk
formofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnot
belum
yetceaseddoingmischief):
perhaps
beberapa
someplayuponwords,a
penipuan
deceptiononthepartof
tata bahasa
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
sangat
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filsafat
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
hanya
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
kemudian
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstill
sebelumnya
earliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
mungkin
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
dan
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonanyactual
ilmu
sciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
dan
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
dan
andEgypt,thegrandstyleof
arsitektur
architecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hati
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
semua
allgreatthingshavefirstto
mengembara
wanderabouttheearthasenormous
dan
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
ini
thiskind—forinstance,theVedanta
doktrin
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Mari
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
meskipun
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthatthe
terburuk
worst,themosttiresome,andthe
paling
mostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
penemuan
inventionofPureSpiritandthe
Baik
GoodinItself.
Butnow
ketika
whenithasbeensurmounted,
ketika
whenEurope,ridofthis
mimpi buruk
nightmare,canagaindrawbreath
bebas
freelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
kita
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
semua
allthestrengthwhichthe
perjuangan
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
memang
indeedonemightask,as
seorang
aphysician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
menyerang
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Had
yang
thewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocrates
setelah
afterallacorrupterofyouths,
dan
anddeservedhishemlock?"
But
yang
thestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
berbicara
speakplainer,andforthe"people"—the
perjuangan
struggleagainsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Untuk
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Yang
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificent
ketegangan
tensionofsoul,suchashadnot
ada
existedanywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrained
busur
bowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,the
Eropa
Europeanfeelsthistensionasa
keadaan
stateofdistress,andtwiceattempts
telah
havebeenmadeingrand
gaya
styletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
dan
andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratis
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
kebebasan
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,might,infact,
membawa
bringitaboutthatthe
roh
spiritwouldnotsoeasily
menemukan
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—all
kredit
credittothem!
buttheyagain
membuat
madethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Tapi
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,
atau
nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,we
Baik
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERY
bebas
freespirits—wehaveitstill,
semua
allthedistressofspirit
dan
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Dan
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
tugas
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Bab
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Akan
WilltoTruth,whichisto
menggoda
temptustomanya
berbahaya
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
semua
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
dengan
withrespect,whatquestionshas
ini
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
kita
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
sudah
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitany
mengherankan
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
kehilangan
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Bahwa
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
bertanya
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
sebenarnya
reallythatputsquestionstous
sini
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
kita
us?
Infactwemadea
lama
longhaltatthequestionasto
yang
theoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwe
datang
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
lebih
morefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
tentang
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
bahwa
thatwewantthetruth:
Mengapa
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
ketidakpastian
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthe
nilai
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
masalah
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
sini
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
dan
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasifthe
masalah
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
sebelumnya
before,asifwewerethe
pertama
firsttodiscernit,geta
pandangan
sightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
For
ada
thereisriskinraisingit,
mungkin
perhapsthereisnogreater
risiko
risk.
2.
"HOWCOULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
kebenaran
truthoutoferror?
ortheWillto
Kebenaran
Truthoutofthewillto
penipuan
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
atau
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
yang
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Seperti
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,
buruk
worsethanafool;
thingsof
yang
thehighestvaluemusthavea
berbeda
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
ini
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
dunia
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
dan
andcupidity,theycannothavetheir
sumber
source.
Butratherinthe
pangkuan
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Allah
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
sumber
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeof
penalaran
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudiceby
mana
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
dapat
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthe
belakang
backofalltheirlogical
prosedur
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,they
mengerahkan
exertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
sesuatu
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
mendasar
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Kepercayaan
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
pernah
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
meragukan
doubthereonthevery
ambang
threshold(wheredoubt,however,was
paling
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhad
membuat
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
dapat
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
ada
existatall;
andsecondly,whetherthe
populer
popularvaluationsandantithesesof
nilai
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshave
menetapkan
settheirseal,arenotperhaps
hanya
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,
selain
besidesbeingprobablymadefrom
beberapa
somecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
meminjam
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
semua
allthevaluewhichmay
milik
belongtothetrue,the
positif
positive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethata
tinggi
higherandmorefundamentalvaluefor
hidup
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,to
keegoisan
selfishness,andcupidity.
Itmight
bahkan
evenbepossiblethatWHAT
merupakan
constitutesthevalueofthose
baik
goodandrespectedthings,consists
tepat
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
terkait
related,knotted,andcrochetedtothese
jahat
evilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhaps
bahkan
eveninbeingessentiallyidentical
dengan
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwho
ingin
wishestoconcernhimselfwithsuch
berbahaya
dangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
harus
mustawaittheadventofa
baru
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
akan
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseof
mereka
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
berbahaya
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
istilah
term.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
melihat
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
muncul
appear.
3.
Havingkepta
tajam
sharpeyeonphilosophers,andhaving
membaca
readbetweentheirlineslong
cukup
enough,Inowsaytomyself
bahwa
thatthegreaterpartof
sadar
consciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
dan
anditissoeveninthe
kasus
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
sini
heretolearnanew,asone
belajar
learnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleas
yang
theactofbirthcomesinto
dipertimbangkan
considerationinthewholeprocess
dan
andprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
yang
theinstinctiveinanydecisive
arti
sense;
thegreaterpartofthe
sadar
consciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
dan
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Dan
Andbehindalllogicandits
tampak
seemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
atau
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
pemeliharaan
maintenanceofadefinitemodeof
hidup
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
lebih
morethantheuncertain,that
ilusi
illusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Kita
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonly
dangkal
superficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybe
diperlukan
necessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
bahwa
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
sebuah
anopinionisnotforusany
keberatan
objectiontoit:
itishere,
mungkin
perhaps,thatournewlanguage
terdengar
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,
cara
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
mungkin
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions
Untuk
(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
paling
mostindispensabletous,that
tanpa
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
tanpa
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe
murni
purelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
mutlak
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
menerus
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,
manusia
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationof
salah
falseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASA
Kondisi
CONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
tentu
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
nilai
valueinadangerousmanner,
dan
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hasthereby
saja
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
dan
andevil.
5.
Thatwhich
menyebabkan
causesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
dan
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
penemuan
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
sering
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
dan
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
dan
andchildliketheyare,—butthat
ada
thereisnotenoughhonest
berurusan
dealingwiththem,whereasthey
semua
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
ketika
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
bahkan
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
semua
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
dan
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
dingin
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrastto
semua
allsortsofmystics,who,fairer
dan
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudiced
proposisi
proposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
umumnya
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
dan
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
setelah
aftertheevent.
Theyare
semua
alladvocateswhodonot
ingin
wishtoberegardedassuch,
umumnya
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Sangat
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhich
berani
bravelyadmitsthistoitself,
sangat
veryfarfromhavingthe
baik
goodtasteofthecouragewhich
pergi
goessofarasto
membiarkan
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
memperingatkan
warnfriendorfoe,orin
ceria
cheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
tua
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
dengan
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
mengarah
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
tersenyum
smile,wewhofindnosmall
hiburan
amusementinspyingoutthe
halus
subtletricksofoldmoralists
dan
andethicalpreachers.
Or,still
lebih
moreso,thehocus-pocusin
matematika
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyin
mail
mailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
menerjemahkan
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
teror
terroratonceintothe
hati
heartoftheassailantwho
harus
shoulddaretocasta
pandangan
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
banyak
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
ini
thismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
mengkhianati
betray!
6.
Ithasgradually
menjadi
becomecleartomewhat
setiap
everygreatphilosophyuptill
sekarang
nowhasconsistedof—namely,the
pengakuan
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntary
dan
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthe
moral
moral(orimmoral)purposein
setiap
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sejati
truevitalgermoutof
mana
whichtheentireplanthas
selalu
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
bagaimana
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
seorang
aphilosopherhavebeenarrived
pada
at,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirst
bertanya
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
percaya
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
ayah
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
lain
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
hanya
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistaken
pengetahuan
knowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Butwhoever
mempertimbangkan
considersthefundamentalimpulsesof
manusia
manwithaviewto
menentukan
determininghowfartheymay
telah
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Atau
(orasdemonsandcobolds),will
menemukan
findthattheyhaveallpracticed
filsafat
philosophyatonetimeoranother,
dan
andthateachoneofthem
akan
wouldhavebeenonlytoo
senang
gladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendof
keberadaan
existenceandthelegitimateLORD
atas
overalltheotherimpulses.
For
setiap
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,
mencoba
attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
tentu
sure,inthecaseofscholars,in
yang
thecaseofreallyscientificmen,it
mungkin
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
ada
theretheremayreallybesucha
hal
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"
beberapa
somekindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
ketika
whenwellwoundup,works
jauh
awayindustriouslytothatend,
Tanpa
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
mengambil
takinganymaterialparttherein.
The
sebenarnya
actual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,are
umumnya
generallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthe
keluarga
family,perhaps,orinmoney-making,
atau
orinpolitics;
itis,in
bahkan
fact,almostindifferentatwhat
titik
pointofresearchhislittle
mesin
machineisplaced,andwhether
yang
thehopefulyoungworkerbecomesa
baik
goodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
atau
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
menjadi
becomingthisorthat.
In
yang
thephilosopher,onthecontrary,
ada
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
dan
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesa
menentukan
decidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
urutan
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
berdiri
standtoeachother.
7.
Betapa
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
tahu
knowofnothingmorestingingthan
yang
thejokeEpicurustookthe
kebebasan
libertyofmakingonPlato
dan
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginal
arti
sense,andonthefaceof
itu
it,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
dan
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
mengatakan
say,"TheyareallACTORS,
ada
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwas
seorang
apopularnameforan
aktor
actor).
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
cara
manner,themiseenscene
gaya
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnota
master
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
duduk
satconcealedinhislittle
kebun
gardenatAthens,andwrote
tiga
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutof
kemarahan
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
tahu
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
siapa
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Ada
Thereisapointin
setiap
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filsuf
philosopherappearsonthescene;
atau
or,toputitinthewordsofan
kuno
ancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Hidup
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
mulia
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
seperti
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
tanpa
withoutpurposeorconsideration,without
kasihan
pityorjustice,atonce
berbuah
fruitfulandbarrenanduncertain:
bayangkan
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—how
Bisa
COULDyouliveinaccordance
dengan
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnot
itu
thatjustendeavouringtobeotherwise
dari
thanthisNature?
Isnotliving
menghargai
valuing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
berbeda
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"living
sesuai
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallythe
sama
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
bisa
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
membuat
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
yang
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,
namun
however,itisquiteotherwise
dengan
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
membaca
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
hukum
lawinNature,youwant
sesuatu
somethingquitethecontrary,you
luar biasa
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyour
kebanggaan
prideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
dan
andidealstoNature,to
Alam
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethem
dalamnya
therein;
youinsistthatitshallbe
Alam
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
dan
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemade
setelah
afteryourownimage,asa
luas
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Dengan
Withallyourlovefor
kebenaran
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
lama
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
melihat
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
bahwa
thatyouarenolongerableto
melihat
seeitotherwise—andtocrown
semua
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
harapan
hopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
atas
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
juga
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
atas
over:
isnottheStoica
Bagian
PARTofNature?...
Butthisisan
lama
oldandeverlastingstory:
what
terjadi
happenedinoldtimeswith
yang
theStoicsstillhappenstoday,as
segera
soonaseveraphilosophy
mulai
beginstobelieveinitself.
It
selalu
alwayscreatestheworldinits
sendiri
ownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
filsafat
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
yang
themostspiritualWillto
Kekuatan
Power,thewillto"creationof
yang
theworld,"thewillto
yang
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
dan
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
mengatakan
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
masalah
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
dengan
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
makanan
foodforthoughtandattention;
dan
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthe
latar belakang
background,andnothingelse,cannot
tentu
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
In
langka
rareandisolatedcases,it
mungkin
mayreallyhavehappenedthat
seperti
suchaWilltoTruth—acertain
berlebihan
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambisi
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipated
dalamnya
therein:
thatwhichintheend
selalu
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toa
seluruh
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
ada
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
yang
whoprefertoputtheir
terakhir
lasttrustinasure
apa
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
sesuatu
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
dan
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
jiwa
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
seperti
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
namun
however,tobeotherwisewith
kuat
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
masih
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINST
penampilan
appearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
kredibilitas
credibilityoftheirownbodies
tentang
aboutaslowasthe
kredibilitas
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
dan
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
kepemilikan
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
percaya
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
tahu
knowsiftheyarenotreally
mencoba
tryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
kepemilikan
possession,somethingoftheold
domain
domainofthefaithofformertimes,
mungkin
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
lama
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
bisa
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorously
dan
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Ada
ThereisDISTRUSTofthese
modern
modernideasinthismodeof
melihat
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
semua
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
dan
andtoday;
thereisperhaps
beberapa
someslightadmixtureofsatiety
dan
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
paling
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
melemparkan
throwsonthemarket;
a
jijik
disgustofthemorerefined
selera
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
dan
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
ada
thereisnothingeithernew
atau
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
bahwa
thatweshouldagreewith
mereka
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
hari
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Modern
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
kita
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
bahwa
thattheywishtogo"back,"
tetapi
butthattheywishto
mendapatkan
getAWAYtherefrom.
Alittle
Lebih
MOREstrength,swing,courage,and
artistik
artisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
kembali
back!
11.
Itseemstomethat
ada
thereiseverywhereanattemptatpresentto
mengalihkan
divertattentionfromtheactual
pengaruh
influencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
filsafat
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
nilai
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
pertama
firstandforemostproudofhis
Tabel
TableofCategories;
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthe
paling
mostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenon
nama
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
hanya
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
bangga
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
baru
newfacultyinman,the
fakultas
facultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
bahwa
thathedeceivedhimselfin
ini
thismatter;
thedevelopmentand
pesat
rapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
dan
andontheeagerrivalryofthe
muda
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
mungkin
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobe
tetap
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishigh
waktu
timetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
bertanya
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
sayangnya
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
tapi
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwith
seperti
suchdisplayofGermanprofundity
dan
andverbalflourishes,thatone
sama sekali
altogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
terlibat
involvedinsuchananswer.
Orang
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
kegembiraan
delightoverthisnewfaculty,
dan
andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurther
menemukan
discoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
itu
thattimeGermanswerestill
moral
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
datang
camethehoneymoonofGerman
filsafat
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
lembaga
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—all
mencari
seekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
bersalah
innocent,rich,andstillyouthful
periode
periodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the
jahat
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,
ketika
whenonecouldnotyet
membedakan
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Atas
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelektual
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratified
yang
themostearnestlongingsof
yang
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
bisa
candonogreaterwrongtothe
seluruh
wholeofthisexuberantand
eksentrik
eccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
dan
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeit
serius
seriously,oreventreatit
dengan
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
dunia
worldgrewolder,andthedreamvanished.
A
masa
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
dan
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Orang
Peoplehadbeendreaming,and
pertama
firstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehad
mengatakan
said,oratleastmeantto
mengatakan
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
An
penjelasan
explanation?
Orisitnotrather
hanya
merelyarepetitionofthe
pertanyaan
question?
Howdoesopiuminduce
tidur
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
yaitu
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
dokter
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
termasuk
belongtotherealmof
komedi
comedy,anditishightimeto
menggantikan
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
lain
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshould
memahami
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
benar
true,forthesakeofthe
pelestarian
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
meskipun
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybe
salah
falsejudgments!
Or,moreplainlyspoken,
dan
androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
seharusnya
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
memiliki
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
apa
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,
yang
thebeliefintheirtruthis
diperlukan
necessary,asplausiblebeliefandocular
bukti
evidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
kehidupan
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindthe
besar
enormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
harap
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
seluruh
wholeofEurope,thereis
tidak
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVA
memiliki
hadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
filsafat
philosophy,itwasadelighttothe
mulia
nobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
dan
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
semua
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
masih
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
lalu
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...