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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Indonesian A1 Learners

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Indonesian A1 Learners

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
seorang
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
semua
allphilosophers,insofarasthey
telah
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
memahami
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
dan
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
telah
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Kebenaran
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
memenangkan
winningawoman?
Certainlyshehas
pernah
neverallowedherselftobewon;
dan
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
dengan
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
For
ada
therearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
jatuh
fallen,thatalldogmaliesontheground—nay
lebih
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Tapi
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
baik
goodgroundsforhopingthat
semua
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,
apa pun
whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,
mungkin
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
dan
andtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisathand
ketika
whenitwillbeonce
dan
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
sebenarnya
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
dan
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesas
yang
thedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
mungkin
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
waktu
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
dan
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceased
melakukan
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptionon
yang
thepartofgrammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
sangat
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
hanya
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
mungkin
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
dan
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
dan
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
dan
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hati
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
semua
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
bumi
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
ini
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
dan
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
harus
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
paling
mosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
dan
andtheGoodinItself.
Tapi
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
ketika
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
bisa
canagaindrawbreathfreely
dan
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
kita
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
semua
allthestrengthwhichthestruggle
melawan
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemight
bertanya
ask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
seperti
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Had
yang
thewickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocrates
setelah
afterallacorrupterofyouths,
dan
anddeservedhishemlock?"
But
yang
thestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
berbicara
speakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggle
melawan
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Untuk
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Yang
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
dengan
withsuchatenselystrainedbow
satu
onecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
ini
thistensionasastateofdistress,
dan
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
dan
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
dan
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,
membawa
bringitaboutthatthespirit
akan
wouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
mereka
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Tapi
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
bahkan
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
dan
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveit
masih
still,allthedistressofspirit
dan
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Dan
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
dan
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Akan
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
banyak
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
semua
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
dengan
withrespect,whatquestionshas
ini
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
kita
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
sudah
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonder
jika
ifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
kehilangan
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Bahwa
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
bertanya
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
sebenarnya
reallythatputsquestionstous
sini
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
kita
us?
Infactwemadea
lama
longhaltatthequestionasto
yang
theoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwe
datang
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayet
lebih
morefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
tentang
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
bahwa
thatwewantthetruth:
Mengapa
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Bahkan
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueof
kebenaran
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforethe
masalah
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
sini
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
dan
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasifthe
masalah
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
sebelumnya
before,asifwewerethe
pertama
firsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
dan
andRISKRAISINGit?
For
ada
thereisriskinraisingit,
mungkin
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Bisa
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
kebenaran
truthoutoferror?
ortheWillto
Kebenaran
Truthoutofthewilltodeception?
atau
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
atau
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
yang
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Seperti
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsof
yang
thehighestvaluemusthavea
berbeda
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
ini
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
dunia
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
dan
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Tapi
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Allah
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
dan
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudiceby
mana
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
dapat
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthe
belakang
backofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
melalui
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
sesuatu
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
pernah
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
sini
hereontheverythreshold
Mana
(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
meskipun
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
dapat
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
dan
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
dan
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
telah
havesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefrom
beberapa
somecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
semua
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
benar
true,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbepossiblethatahigher
dan
andmorefundamentalvaluefor
hidup
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
dan
andcupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
baik
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
dan
andcrochetedtotheseevil
dan
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
dengan
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwho
ingin
wishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
harus
mustawaittheadventofa
baru
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
akan
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseof
mereka
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"in
setiap
everysenseoftheterm.
Dan
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
melihat
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
dan
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
lama
longenough,Inowsaytomyself
bahwa
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinking
harus
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
dan
anditissoeveninthe
kasus
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
sini
heretolearnanew,asone
belajar
learnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."
Aslittleas
yang
theactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationin
yang
thewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
yang
theinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
thegreater
sebagian
partoftheconsciousthinkingof
seorang
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
dan
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Dan
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,
ada
therearevaluations,orto
berbicara
speakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeof
hidup
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
lebih
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Kita
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,
khusus
specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
bahwa
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
sebuah
anopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itishere,
mungkin
perhaps,thatournewlanguage
terdengar
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,
cara
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
mungkin
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions
Untuk
(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
paling
mostindispensabletous,that
tanpa
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
tanpa
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththepurelyIMAGINED
dunia
worldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,
tanpa
withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
dunia
worldbymeansofnumbers,
manusia
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationoflife,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Kehidupan
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
sebuah
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hasthereby
saja
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
dan
andevil.
5.
Thatwhich
menyebabkan
causesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
dan
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
dan
andeasilytheymakemistakes
dan
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
dan
andchildliketheyare,—butthat
ada
thereisnotenoughhonest
berurusan
dealingwiththem,whereasthey
semua
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
ketika
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
bahkan
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
semua
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
dan
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
dingin
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrastto
semua
allsortsofmystics,who,fairer
dan
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,
ide
idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
dan
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
setelah
aftertheevent.
Theyare
semua
alladvocateswhodonot
ingin
wishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
juga
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Sangat
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
ini
thistoitself,veryfarfrom
memiliki
havingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhich
pergi
goessofarasto
membiarkan
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarn
teman
friendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
dan
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
tua
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
dengan
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
menemukan
findnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
tua
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Atau
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
dan
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
dan
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
hati
heartoftheassailantwho
harus
shoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
banyak
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
ini
thismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgradually
menjadi
becomecleartomewhat
setiap
everygreatphilosophyuptill
sekarang
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
dan
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
dan
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
setiap
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sejati
truevitalgermoutof
mana
whichtheentireplanthas
selalu
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
bagaimana
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
seorang
aphilosopherhavebeenarrived
pada
at,itisalwayswell(andwise)tofirst
bertanya
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
percaya
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
ayah
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
lain
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
hanya
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Tapi
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
manusia
manwithaviewtodetermining
seberapa
howfartheymayhave
sini
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Atau
(orasdemonsandcobolds),will
menemukan
findthattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyat
satu
onetimeoranother,andthat
masing
eachoneofthemwould
telah
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
dan
andthelegitimateLORDover
semua
alltheotherimpulses.
For
setiap
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
tentu
sure,inthecaseofscholars,in
yang
thecaseofreallyscientificmen,it
mungkin
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
ada
theretheremayreallybesucha
hal
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"
beberapa
somekindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
ketika
whenwellwoundup,works
jauh
awayindustriouslytothatend,
Tanpa
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
mengambil
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
lain
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
atau
orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
bahkan
fact,almostindifferentatwhat
titik
pointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,
dan
andwhetherthehopefulyoungworker
menjadi
becomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
atau
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
menjadi
becomingthisorthat.
In
yang
thephilosopher,onthecontrary,
ada
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
dan
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecided
dan
anddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
urutan
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
berdiri
standtoeachother.
7.
Betapa
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
tahu
knowofnothingmorestingingthan
yang
thejokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
membuat
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
menyebut
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
dan
andonthefaceof
itu
it,thewordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
dan
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
mengatakan
say,"TheyareallACTORS,
ada
thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwas
seorang
apopularnameforanactor).
Dan
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
dan
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnota
master
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
duduk
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
dan
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
mungkin
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
tahu
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
siapa
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Ada
Thereisapointin
setiap
everyphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
atau
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Hidup
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
seperti
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
tanpa
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpity
atau
orjustice,atoncefruitful
dan
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—how
Bisa
COULDyouliveinaccordance
dengan
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnot
itu
thatjustendeavouringtobeotherwise
dari
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
berbeda
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
berarti
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
bisa
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
membuat
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
yang
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
dengan
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
membaca
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
hukum
lawinNature,youwant
sesuatu
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
dan
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
ingin
wishtodictateyourmorals
dan
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
dan
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
dan
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemade
setelah
afteryourownimage,asavast,eternalglorification
dan
andgeneralismofStoicism!
With
semua
allyourlovefortruth,you
telah
haveforcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
dan
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
melihat
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
bahwa
thatyouarenolongerableto
melihat
seeitotherwise—andtocrown
semua
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
harapan
hopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
atas
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
juga
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
atas
over:
isnottheStoica
Bagian
PARTofNature?...
Butthisisan
lama
oldandeverlastingstory:
what
terjadi
happenedinoldtimeswith
yang
theStoicsstillhappenstoday,as
segera
soonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
percaya
believeinitself.
Italwayscreatesthe
dunia
worldinitsownimage;
itcannot
melakukan
dootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
yang
themostspiritualWillto
Kekuatan
Power,thewillto"creationof
yang
theworld,"thewillto
yang
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
dan
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
mengatakan
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
masalah
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealt
dengan
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
makanan
foodforthoughtandattention;
dan
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
dan
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
dan
andisolatedcases,itmayreally
telah
havehappenedthatsuchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
dan
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
selalu
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toa
seluruh
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
ada
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
yang
whoprefertoputtheir
terakhir
lasttrustinasure
apa
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
sesuatu
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
dan
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
seperti
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
dengan
withstrongerandlivelierthinkerswhoare
masih
stilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
dan
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheir
sendiri
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"
dan
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
percaya
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
tahu
knowsiftheyarenotreally
mencoba
tryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
sesuatu
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
mungkin
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
lama
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
bisa
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorously
dan
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
Ada
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeof
melihat
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
semua
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
dan
andtoday;
thereisperhaps
beberapa
someslightadmixtureofsatiety
dan
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
paling
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
sebuah
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteat
yang
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessof
semua
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
ada
thereisnothingeithernew
atau
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
bahwa
thatweshouldagreewith
mereka
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
hari
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
kita
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
bahwa
thattheywishtogo"back,"
tetapi
butthattheywishto
mendapatkan
getAWAYtherefrom.
Alittle
Lebih
MOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,
dan
andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
kembali
back!
11.
Itseemstomethat
ada
thereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
dan
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
pertama
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
dengan
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthe
paling
mostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Mari
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
baru
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
bahwa
thathedeceivedhimselfin
ini
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
dan
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
jika
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobe
tetap
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishigh
waktu
timetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
bertanya
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
lima
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
dan
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
dan
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
seperti
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
dengan
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
dan
andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—forat
itu
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral,not
belum
yetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
datang
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Semua
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
pergi
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Dan
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
dan
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
dan
andsang,whenonecouldnot
belum
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
semua
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
dan
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsof
yang
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
bisa
candonogreaterwrongtothe
seluruh
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
dan
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,
atau
oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Cukup
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
dan
andthedreamvanished.
A
masa
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
dan
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Orang
Peoplehadbeendreaming,and
pertama
firstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehad
mengatakan
said,oratleastmeantto
mengatakan
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Anexplanation?
Atau
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthe
pertanyaan
question?
Howdoesopiuminduce
tidur
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
dokter
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
dan
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantian
pertanyaan
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
lain
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshould
memahami
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
benar
true,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
meskipun
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Atau
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
dan
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
seharusnya
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
memiliki
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
apa
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,
yang
thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
dan
andocularevidencebelongingto
yang
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Dan
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
harap
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
seluruh
wholeofEurope,thereis
tidak
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVA
memiliki
hadashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
dan
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
semua
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
masih
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
lalu
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...