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Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Hungarian A1-B2 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Hungarian A1-B2 Students

Experience the benefits of this forward-thinking translation strategy that tailors language learning to your specific needs. You have control over the difficulty, which ensures that the content is neither too easy nor overly challenging. This method enhances your ability to understand new words through context, reducing reliance on direct translations. While the translations are subtly obscured to foster learning, you can still look up unclear terms. This balanced approach makes language acquisition smoother and more enjoyable. Delve into these translated literary works and discover the satisfaction of mastering a language through reading.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
egy
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
gyanakodni
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,have
nem
failedtounderstandwomen—thatthe
szörnyű
terribleseriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhave
általában
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
és
andunseemlymethodsforwinning
egy
awoman?
Certainlyshehasnever
engedte
allowedherselftobewon;
és
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsad
és
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescoffers
akik
whomaintainthatithasfallen,
hogy
thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,
hogy
thatitisatits
utolsó
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
komolyan
seriously,therearegoodgroundsforhopingthat
minden
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
ünnepélyes
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsit
van
hasassumed,mayhavebeen
csak
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;
és
andprobablythetimeisathand
amikor
whenitwillbeonce
és
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
valójában
actuallysufficedforthebasisof
olyan
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
volt
havehithertoreared:
perhapssome
népszerű
popularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,
amely
which,intheformofsubject-
és
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
talán
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartof
nyelvtan
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
nagyon
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
csak
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyears
később
afterwards,aswasastrologyin
még
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhich
valószínűleg
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
és
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanon
bármely
anyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
és
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
és
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartof
emberiség
humanitywitheverlastingclaims,all
nagy
greatthingshavefirstto
vándorolnia
wanderabouttheearthas
óriási
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmatic
filozófia
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedanta
tanítás
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
bár
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedthatthe
legrosszabb
worst,themosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
egy
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Tiszta
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
De
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
amikor
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,can
újra
againdrawbreathfreelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
mi
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthe
küzdelem
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
igazság
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
alapvető
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofSpirit
és
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
ilyen
suchamaladyattackthat
legkiválóbb
finestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Had
a
thewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
őt
him?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
és
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
küzdelem
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
és
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
ellen
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kereszténység
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropea
csodálatos
magnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
vagy
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
with
ilyen
suchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatterof
valójában
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateofdistress,
és
andtwiceattemptshavebeen
hogy
madeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
egyszer
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
és
andthesecondtimebymeansof
demokratikus
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
és
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthe
lélek
spiritwouldnotsoeasily
találja
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
nekik
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
De
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,we
Jó
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERY
szabad
freespirits—wehaveitstill,
minden
allthedistressofspirit
és
andallthetensionofitsbow!
És
Andperhapsalsothearrow,
a
theduty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Fejezet
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWillto
Igazság
Truth,whichistotemptusto
sok
manyahazardousenterprise,the
híres
famousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshas
ez
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
minket
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itisalready
egy
alongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwere
alig
hardlycommenced.
Isitany
csoda
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,
és
andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
ez
thisSphinxteachesusatlastto
kérdezzük
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyis
ez
this"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
valójában
factwemadealonghaltatthe
kérdés
questionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstill
előtt
beforeayetmorefundamental
kérdés
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
hogy
thatwewantthetruth:
Miért
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
And
bizonytalanság
uncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueof
igazság
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
akik
whopresentedourselvesbeforethe
probléma
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipushere?
Melyik
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
és
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
lehet
coulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblem
volna
hadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
és
andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
kockázat
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereis
nincs
nogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULD
valami
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
igazság
truthoutoferror?
ortheWillto
Igazság
Truthoutofthewillto
megtévesztés
deception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
vagy
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthe
bölcs
wisemanoutofcovetousness?
Ilyen
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,
sőt
nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthavea
más
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,
csábító
seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthisturmoilofdelusion
és
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
De
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THERE
kell
mustbetheirsource,and
sehol
nowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthe
tipikus
typicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
minden
alltimescanberecognized,
ez
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
minden
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomething
amit
thatisintheend
ünnepélyesen
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
alapvető
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Hit
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,
azonban
however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadea
ünnepélyes
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,
először
firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
és
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
és
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhaps
csupán
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobably
hogy
madefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
egy
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
annak ellenére
spiteofallthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,
és
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
lehetséges
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalvalueforlife
általában
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
és
andcupidity.
ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
jó
goodandrespectedthings,consists
éppen
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
és
andcrochetedtotheseevil
és
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
lényegében
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
De
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith
ilyen
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
új
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
lesznek
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
veszélyes
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
kifejezés
term.
Andtospeakin
minden
allseriousness,Iseesuch
új
newphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
és
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
sokáig
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthe
nagyobb
greaterpartofconsciousthinking
kell
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
és
anditissoeveninthecaseof
filozófiai
philosophicalthinking;
onehashereto
tanulni
learnanew,asonelearnedanewaboutheredity
és
and"innateness."
Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocess
és
andprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctivein
bármilyen
anydecisivesense;
thegreaterpartofthe
tudatos
consciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
titokban
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
és
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
És
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyof
mozgás
movement,therearevaluations,ortospeak
többet
moreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceof
egy
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainis
ér
worthmorethantheuncertain,that
illúzió
illusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
hogy
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
egy
anopinionisnotforusany
kifogás
objectiontoit:
itishere,
talán
perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
kérdés
questionis,howfaran
vélemény
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
talán
perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
alapvetően
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
leginkább
mostindispensabletous,that
nélkül
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
nélkül
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe
tisztán
purelyIMAGINEDworldofthe
abszolút
absoluteandimmutable,withouta
állandó
constantcounterfeitingoftheworldbymeansofnumbers,
ember
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
élet
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Élet
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthe
hagyományos
traditionalideasofvaluein
egy
adangerousmanner,anda
filozófia
philosophywhichventurestodoso,hasthereby
egyedül
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
és
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
tekintjük
regardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
felfedezés
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
gyakran
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
és
andlosetheirway,inshort,
milyen
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthat
nem
thereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyallraisea
hangosan
loudandvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeasthoughtheir
valódi
realopinionshadbeendiscovered
és
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
egy
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,
akik
who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
valójában
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
vagy
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
vágya
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
után
aftertheevent.
Theyarealladvocates
akik
whodonotwishtoberegardedas
olyan
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,
amely
whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERY
messze
farfromhavingtheconscience
amely
whichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
nagyon
veryfarfromhavingthe
jó
goodtasteofthecourage
amely
whichgoessofarastolet
ezt
thisbeunderstood,perhapsto
figyelmeztesse
warnfriendorfoe,orin
vidám
cheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
régi
oldKant,equallystiffand
tisztességes
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
vezetnek
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,we
akik
whofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthe
finom
subtletricksofoldmoralists
és
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
matematikai
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
vagy
has,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
és
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatetheterm
tisztességesen
fairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailant
aki
whoshoulddaretocast
egy
aglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
és
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
egy
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithas
fokozatosan
graduallybecomecleartomewhat
minden
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
és
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
és
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreoverthat
az
themoral(orimmoral)purposein
minden
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthetrue
létfontosságú
vitalgermoutofwhich
az
theentireplanthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
hogyan
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
egy
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
mindig
alwayswell(andwise)to
először
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Ennek megfelelően
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherof
filozófia
philosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,hereas
máshol
elsewhere,hasonlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
egy
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
alapvető
fundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermining
milyen
howfartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Vagy
(orasdemonsandcobolds),will
találja
findthattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatonetime
vagy
oranother,andthateachoneofthemwould
volna
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
végső
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
törvényes
legitimateLORDoverallthe
más
otherimpulses.
Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
és
andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseof
igazán
reallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"
ha
ifyouwill;
theretheremayreallybe
olyan
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
kis
small,independentclock-work,which,when
jól
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,WITHOUTthe
többi
restofthescholarlyimpulsestaking
bármilyen
anymaterialparttherein.
The
tényleges
actual"interests"ofthescholar,
tehát
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
talán
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,in
valójában
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointof
kutatás
researchhislittlemachineisplaced,
és
andwhetherthehopefulyoungworker
lesz
becomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
vagy
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
lesz
becomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
és
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesa
döntő
decidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Ki
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
sorrendben
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
Milyen
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
Iknowof
semmi
nothingmorestingingthanthe
vicc
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
csinált
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
eredeti
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,the
szó
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
és
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
semmi
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
népszerű
popularnameforanactor).
És
Andthelatterisreallythe
rosszindulatú
malignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscene
stílus
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnota
mester
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
ült
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
és
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
talán
perhapsoutofrageand
ambiciózus
ambitiousenvyofPlato,who
tudja
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwho
a
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
egy
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthe
filozófus
philosopherappearsonthescene;
vagy
or,toputitinthewordsof
egy
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Élni
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
nemes
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
egy
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagáns
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurpose
vagy
orconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
és
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
egy
apower—howCOULDyoulivein
összhangban
accordancewithsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
csak
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
mint
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
És
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
jelenti
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudo
Másképp
DIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
és
andmustbe?
Inreality,
azonban
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
míg
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawin
Természet
Nature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,you
rendkívüli
extraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
diktálni
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
és
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
ragaszkodsz
insistthatitshallbe
Természet
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
és
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryour
saját
ownimage,asavast,
örök
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefor
igazság
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
sokáig
long,sopersistently,andwith
olyan
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare
nem
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoica
Része
PARTofNature?...
Butthisis
egy
anoldandeverlastingstory:
what
történt
happenedinoldtimeswiththeStoics
még
stillhappenstoday,assoonasever
egy
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
mindig
alwayscreatestheworldinits
saját
ownimage;
itcannotdo
másképp
otherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannical
impulzus
impulseitself,themostspiritual
Akarat
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"the
akarat
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
és
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
és
andtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
és
andattention;
andhewhohears
csak
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
és
andnothingelse,cannotcertainly
büszkélkedhet
boastofthesharpestears.
In
ritka
rareandisolatedcases,itmay
tényleg
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
egy
aWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagáns
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—has
részt
participatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
mindig
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
egy
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
akik
whoprefertoputtheir
utolsó
lasttrustinasurenothing,rather
mint
thaninanuncertainsomething.
De
ButthatisNihilism,andthe
jele
signofadespairing,mortallywearied
lélek
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
ilyen
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
azonban
however,tobeotherwisewith
erősebb
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Ellen
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthe
hitelességét
credibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthe
hitelességét
credibilityoftheocularevidencethat"the
föld
earthstandsstill,"andthus,
nyilvánvalóan
apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
tudja
knowsiftheyarenot
tényleg
reallytryingtowinback
valami
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
valami
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithof
korábbi
formertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"
talán
perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasby
ami
whichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorously
és
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthese
modern
modernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinall
hogy
thathasbeenconstructedyesterday
és
andtoday;
thereisperhaps
némi
someslightadmixtureofsatiety
és
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvaried
eredetű
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
dobja
throwsonthemarket;
a
undor
disgustofthemorerefined
ízlés
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
és
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
semmi
nothingeithernewortrue,
kivéve
exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatwe
kell
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
és
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
theirinstinct,
ami
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
minket
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
menni
go"back,"butthattheywishtoget
El
AWAYtherefrom.
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
bátorság
courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
vissza
back!
11.
Itseemstome
amit
thatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivert
figyelmet
attentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
és
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstand
elsősorban
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhe
mondta
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
dolog
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
csak
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
büszke
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDa
új
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
ítélet
judgmentapriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopment
és
andrapidflourishingofGerman
filozófia
philosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
és
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
ha
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobe
még
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
sajnos
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
de
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
és
andverbalflourishes,thatone
teljesen
altogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.
Emberek
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
öröm
delightoverthisnewfaculty,
és
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
amikor
whenKantfurtherdiscovereda
erkölcsi
moralfacultyinman—foratthat
időben
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
jött
camethehoneymoonofGerman
filozófia
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
intézmény
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
És
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthat
ártatlan
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGerman
szellem
spirit,towhichRomanticism,the
rosszindulatú
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,
amikor
whenonecouldnotyet
megkülönböztetni
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intellektuális
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecando
nem
nogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
és
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
és
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeit
komolyan
seriously,oreventreatitwith
erkölcsi
moralindignation.
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
és
andthedreamvanished.
A
idő
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
és
andtheystillrubthem
ma
today.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
és
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—he
vagy
hadsaid,oratleastmeantto
mondani
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Egy
Anexplanation?
Orisitnot
inkább
rathermerelyarepetitionofthe
kérdés
question?
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nevezetesen
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
orvos
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
tartoznak
belongtotherealmof
komédia
comedy,anditishigh
ideje
timetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
másik
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefin
ilyen
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
ideje
timethatweshouldunderstandthat
ilyen
suchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
megőrzése
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
bár
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybe
hamis
falsejudgments!
Or,moreplainlyspoken,
és
androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
nincs
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbut
hamis
falsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
hit
beliefintheirtruthis
szükséges
necessary,asplausiblebeliefandocularevidence
tartoznak
belongingtotheperspectiveviewof
élet
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
remélem
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthat
egy
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
egy
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasa
öröm
delighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
és
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
minden
allnations,tofindanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualism
amely
whichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...