PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
egy
awoman—whatthen?Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
minden
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessés
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilledés
andunseemlymethodsforwinningegy
awoman?Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
és
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadés
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescoffers
akik
whomaintainthatithasfallen,hogy
thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,hogy
thatitisatitsutolsó
lastgasp.Buttospeakseriously,thereare
jó
goodgroundsforhopingthatminden
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveés
anddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeencsak
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;és
andprobablythetimeisathandamikor
whenitwillbeonceés
andagainunderstoodWHAThasvalójában
actuallysufficedforthebasisofolyan
suchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistsvolt
havehithertoreared:perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,
amely
which,intheformofsubject-és
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):talán
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,vagy
oranaudaciousgeneralizationofnagyon
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
csak
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinmég
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichvalószínűleg
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,és
andpatiencehavebeenspentthanonbármely
anyactualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,
és
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaés
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
minden
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderabouttheearthasenormousés
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmaticphilosophy
volt
hasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,és
andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
kell
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,themosttiresome,és
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenegy
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirités
andtheGoodinItself.De
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,amikor
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,canújra
againdrawbreathfreelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,mi
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthestruggleagainstthiserrorvagyunk
hasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
igazság
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—ofélet
life,tospeakofSpirités
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
ilyen
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?Had
a
thewickedSocratesreallycorruptedőt
him?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
és
anddeservedhishemlock?"Butthestruggle
ellen
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,és
andforthe"people"—thestruggleellen
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,olyan
suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;with
ilyen
suchatenselystrainedbowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
valójában
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateofdistress,és
andtwiceattemptshavebeenhogy
madeingrandstyletounbendthebow:egyszer
oncebymeansofJesuitism,és
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepressés
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutamely
thatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilytalálja
finditselfin"distress"!(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
nekik
them!buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
De
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,weJó
GOODEUROPEANS,andfree,VERYszabad
freespirits—wehaveitstill,minden
allthedistressofspirités
andallthetensionofitsbow!És
Andperhapsalsothearrow,a
theduty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWillto
Igazság
Truth,whichistotemptustosok
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofamely
whichallphilosophershavehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshasez
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeminket
us!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
már
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonder
ha
ifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,és
andturnimpatientlyaway?That
ez
thisSphinxteachesusatlasttokérdezzük
askquestionsourselves?WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
itt
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
valójában
factwemadealonghaltatthekérdés
questionastotheoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillelőtt
beforeayetmorefundamentalkérdés
question.WeinquiredabouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
hogy
thatwewantthetruth:Miért
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
probléma
problemofthevalueofigazság
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitweakik
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheprobléma
problem?WhichofusistheOedipus
itt
here?WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
és
andnotesofinterrogation.And
lehet
coulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblemvolna
hadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,és
andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereisriskinraisingit,
talán
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.2.
"HOWCOULD
valami
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?Forexample,
igazság
truthoutoferror?ortheWillto
Igazság
Truthoutofthewilltodeception?vagy
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?vagy
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewiseember
manoutofcovetousness?Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethanafool;
thingsofthehighestvaluemusthavea
más
differentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthisturmoilofdelusionés
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.De
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREkell
mustbetheirsource,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofminden
alltimescanberecognized,ez
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofminden
alltheirlogicalprocedure;throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomething
amit
thatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
itt
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
és
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsés
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablyhogy
madefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowegy
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.Inspiteof
minden
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,és
andtheunselfish,itmightbelehetséges
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallykellene
shouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,és
andcupidity.ItmightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
jó
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,és
andcrochetedtotheseevilés
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwiththem.Talán
Perhaps!Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwith
ilyen
suchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationonemustawaittheadventofa
új
neworderofphilosophers,suchaslesznek
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"inminden
everysenseoftheterm.És
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Ilátom
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
és
andhavingreadbetweentheirlinessokáig
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingkell
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,és
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;onehas
itt
heretolearnanew,asonetanulni
learnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."Aslittleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthe
egész
wholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinbármilyen
anydecisivesense;thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
és
andforcedintodefinitechannels.És
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,vagy
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofegy
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthtöbbet
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,
hogy
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessof
egy
anopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:itis
itt
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.The
kérdés
questionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,talán
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),aretheleginkább
mostindispensabletous,thatnélkül
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,nélkül
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththepurelyIMAGINEDvilág
worldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,nélkül
withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthevilág
worldbymeansofnumbers,ember
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationofélet
life,anegationoflife.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Élet
LIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
egy
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyegyedül
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodés
andevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
és
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoverymilyen
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenés
andeasilytheymakemistakesés
andlosetheirway,inshort,milyen
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatnem
thereisnotenoughhonestdealingwithrájuk
them,whereastheyallraisealoudés
andvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.Theyallposeasthoughtheir
valódi
realopinionshadbeendiscoveredés
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofegy
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,akik
who,fairerandfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,invalójában
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,vagy
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedés
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutután
aftertheevent.Theyarealladvocates
akik
whodonotwishtoberegardedasolyan
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,amely
whichtheydub"truths,"—andVERYmessze
farfromhavingtheconscienceamely
whichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,nagyon
veryfarfromhavingthejó
goodtasteofthecourageamely
whichgoessofarastoletezt
thisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriendvagy
orfoe,orincheerfulconfidenceés
andself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
régi
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,weakik
whofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofrégi
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.Vagy
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozavagy
has,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmailés
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairlyés
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantaki
whoshoulddaretocastegy
aglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityés
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofegy
asicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithasgradually
vált
becomecleartomewhatminden
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,és
andaspeciesofinvoluntaryés
andunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreoverthat
az
themoral(orimmoral)purposeinminden
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichaz
theentireplanthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstand
hogyan
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofegy
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itismindig
alwayswell(andwise)toelőször
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
hiszem
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;de
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hascsak
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)as
egy
aninstrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesof
ember
manwithaviewtodeterminingmilyen
howfartheymayhaveitt
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENIIVagy
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willtalálja
findthattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatonetimevagy
oranother,andthateachoneofthemwouldvolna
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistenceés
andthelegitimateLORDoverallthemás
otherimpulses.Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
és
andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthecaseofscholars,inthecaseof
igazán
reallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"ha
ifyouwill;theretheremay
valóban
reallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofkis
small,independentclock-work,which,whenjól
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytoamely
thatend,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakingbármilyen
anymaterialparttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
talán
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,in
valójában
fact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhiskis
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulfiatal
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,vagy
orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
lesz
becomingthisorthat.Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
és
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecidedés
anddecisivetestimonyastoKi
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatsorrendben
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
Milyen
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!Iknowof
semmi
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofcsinált
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
és
andonthefaceofit,theszó
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesés
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
semmi
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnév
nameforanactor).Andthelatterisreallythemalignantreproach
amit
thatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
és
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamester
master!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
ült
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,és
andwrotethreehundredbooks,talán
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whotudja
knows!Greecetookahundredyearstofindoutwho
a
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
egy
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;vagy
or,toputitinthewordsofegy
anancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Élni
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
egy
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,nélkül
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityvagy
orjustice,atoncefruitfulés
andbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
egy
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewithilyen
suchindifference?Tolive—isnotthat
csak
justendeavouringtobeotherwisemint
thanthisNature?Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
És
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"jelenti
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?Miért
Whyshouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,és
andmustbe?Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
míg
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youakartok
wantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersés
andself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
és
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,és
andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
és
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryoursaját
ownimage,asavast,eternalglorificationés
andgeneralismofStoicism!Withallyourlovefor
igazság
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvessosokáig
long,sopersistently,andwitholyan
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouarenem
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopethatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoica
Része
PARTofNature?...Butthisis
egy
anoldandeverlastingstory:what
történt
happenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsmég
stillhappenstoday,assoonaseveregy
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.It
mindig
alwayscreatestheworldinitssaját
ownimage;itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
ez
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,themostspiritualAkarat
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"theakarat
willtothecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
és
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealés
andtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtés
andattention;andhewhohears
csak
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,és
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrare
és
andisolatedcases,itmaytényleg
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchegy
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantés
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:that
ami
whichintheendalwaysprefersegy
ahandfulof"certainty"toegy
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
akik
whoprefertoputtheirutolsó
lasttrustinasurenothing,rathermint
thaninanuncertainsomething.De
ButthatisNihilism,andthejele
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingilyen
suchavirtuemaydisplay.Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
és
andlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.Inthattheyside
Ellen
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirsaját
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theföld
earthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whotudja
knowsiftheyarenottényleg
reallytryingtowinbackvalami
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,valami
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,talán
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"therégi
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbyami
whichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyés
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinall
hogy
thathasbeenconstructedyesterdayés
andtoday;thereisperhaps
némi
someslightadmixtureofsatietyés
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;egy
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessés
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereissemmi
nothingeithernewortrue,exceptezt
thismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatwe
kell
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsés
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;theirinstinct,
ami
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
minket
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthattheywishto
menni
go"back,"butthattheywishtogetEl
AWAYtherefrom.AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
és
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotvissza
back!11.
Itseemstome
amit
thatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,és
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhishandhe
mondta
said:"Thisisthemostdifficult
dolog
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."Letus
csak
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!Hewasproudof
volt
havingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentegy
apriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopment
és
andrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,és
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscoverha
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobemég
stillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
öt
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,és
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityés
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherelveszíti
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchananswer.Emberek
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightoverthisúj
newfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxamikor
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthatidőben
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Then
jött
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.Összes
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionment
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."És
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,és
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedés
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguishbetween"finding"és
and"inventing"!Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
és
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecando
nem
nogreaterwrongtotheegész
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryés
andsenileconceptions),thantotakeitseriously,vagy
oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.Elég
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,és
andthedreamvanished.A
idő
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,és
andtheystillrubthemma
today.Peoplehadbeendreaming,
és
andfirstandforemost—oldKant."Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—he
vagy
hadsaid,oratleastmeanttomondani
say.But,isthat—ananswer?
Egy
Anexplanation?Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthe
kérdés
question?Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
orvos
doctorinMoliere,.Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
és
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"by
másik
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinilyen
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishighideje
timethatweshouldunderstandthatilyen
suchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;bár
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!Vagy
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughlyés
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehave
nincs
norighttothem;inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Csak
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefés
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewofélet
life.Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
remélem
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughouttheegész
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthategy
acertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadegy
ashareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
és
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofminden
allnations,tofindanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismamely
whichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...