PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
एक
awoman—whatthen?Istherenotgroundforsuspecting
कि
thatallphilosophers,insoतक
farastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtoसमझने
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessऔर
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoसत्य
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinningaमहिला
woman?Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
और
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsadऔर
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
सभी
alldogmaliesontheground—naymore,thatitisatitsअंतिम
lastgasp.Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhoping
कि
thatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveऔर
anddecidedairsithasassumed,mayहै
havebeenonlyanoblepuerilismऔर
andtyronism;andprobablythetimeisathand
जब
whenitwillbeonceऔर
andagainunderstoodWHAThasवास्तव
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingऔर
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:शायद
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,जो
which,intheformofsubject-और
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceasedकिया
doingmischief):perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
या
oranaudaciousgeneralizationofबहुत
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
केवल
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichशायद
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeenspentतुलना
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,
और
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaऔर
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.Itseems
कि
thatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheहृदय
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,सभी
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderabouttheपृथ्वी
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
एक
acaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,और
andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefulto
यह
it,althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedकि
thattheworst,themosttiresome,और
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenएक
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpiritऔर
andtheGoodinItself.लेकिन
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,जब
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,सकता
canagaindrawbreathfreelyऔर
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,हम
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,areको
theheirsofallthestrengthजो
whichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtothe
बहुत
veryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—ofजीवन
life,tospeakofSpiritऔर
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofउनके
them;indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"How
किया
didsuchamaladyattackउस
thatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?HadthewickedSocrates
वास्तव
reallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
और
anddeservedhishemlock?"Butthestruggle
खिलाफ
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,और
andforthe"people"—thestruggleखिलाफ
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianityलिए
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeएक
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;साथ
withsuchatenselystrainedbowoneसकता
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
वास्तव
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateofdistress,और
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,
और
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withको
theaidoflibertyofको
thepressandnewspaper-reading,might,inवास्तव
fact,bringitaboutthatको
thespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
उन्हें
them!buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
लेकिन
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norभी
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,और
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitअभी भी
still,allthedistressofspiritऔर
andallthetensionofitsbow!और
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,और
and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
TheWillto
सत्य
Truth,whichistotemptustoकई
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichसभी
allphilosophershavehithertospokenसाथ
withrespect,whatquestionshasइस
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
पहले
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isit
कोई
anywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,खो
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyदूर
away?ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
पूछना
askquestionsourselves?WHOisit
वास्तव
reallythatputsquestionstousयहाँ
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
वास्तव
factwemadealonghaltattheप्रश्न
questionastotheoriginofइस
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayetmorefundamentalप्रश्न
question.WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
इस
thisWill.Grantedthatwe
चाहते
wantthetruth:WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
और
Anduncertainty?Evenignorance?
The
समस्या
problemofthevalueofसत्य
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselvesbeforeको
theproblem?WhichofusistheOedipushere?
कौन सा
WhichtheSphinx?Itwouldseemtobe
एक
arendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.और
Andcoulditbebelievedकि
thatitatlastseemstousasiftheसमस्या
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,और
andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereisriskinraising
इसे
it,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.2.
"HOWCOULD
चीज़
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?Forexample,
सत्य
truthoutoferror?ortheWillto
सत्य
Truthoutofthewilltodeception?या
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?या
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
कोई
afool,nay,worsethanकोई
afool;thingsofthehighestvalue
चाहिए
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inइस
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryदुनिया
world,inthisturmoilofdelusionऔर
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.Butratherin
को
thelapofBeing,inको
theintransitory,intheconcealedईश्वर
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,और
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesको
thetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofसभी
alltimescanberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatको
thebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;through
इस
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forकुछ
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
नहीं
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubthereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasसबसे
mostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmade
एक
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Forit
सकता
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;और
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsऔर
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysiciansहै
havesettheirseal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomecorner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowकिसी
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.Inspiteof
सभी
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbeसंभव
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalvalueforजीवन
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.Itmight
भी
evenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegoodऔर
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,और
andcrochetedtotheseevilऔर
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidenticalसाथ
withthem.Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimself
साथ
withsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationone
चाहिए
mustawaittheadventofaनए
neworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhaveअन्य
othertastesandinclinations,thereverseofउन
thosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"inहर
everysenseoftheterm.और
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Iseeऐसे
suchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Havingkept
एक
asharpeyeonphilosophers,और
andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslongकाफी
enough,Inowsaytomyselfकि
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousसोच
thinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,और
anditissoevenintheमामले
caseofphilosophicalthinking;onehas
यहाँ
heretolearnanew,asoneसीखा
learnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."As
कम
littleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocessऔर
andprocedureofheredity,justasकम
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinकिसी
anydecisivesense;thegreater
भाग
partoftheconsciousthinkingofएक
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,और
andforcedintodefinitechannels.And
पीछे
behindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,या
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofएक
adefinitemodeoflifeForexample,कि
thatthecertainisworthmoreसे
thantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluableसे
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforहमारे
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,विशेष
specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingsजैसे
suchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,
कि
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
यहाँ
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsसबसे
moststrangely.Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
शायद
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainकि
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),aretheसबसे
mostindispensabletous,thatबिना
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,बिना
withoutacomparisonofrealityसाथ
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteऔर
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheदुनिया
worldbymeansofnumbers,मनुष्य
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationofजीवन
life,anegationoflife.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
एक
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
एक
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyअकेले
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgoodऔर
andevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
और
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryकितनी
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenऔर
andeasilytheymakemistakesऔर
andlosetheirway,inshort,कितनी
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butकि
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingसाथ
withthem,whereastheyallraiseएक
aloudandvirtuousoutcryजब
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessisभी
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.They
सभी
allposeasthoughtheirवास्तविक
realopinionshadbeendiscoveredऔर
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofएक
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialecticमें
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerऔर
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,inवास्तव
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,या
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedऔर
andrefined,isdefendedbythemसाथ
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.Theyare
सभी
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,भी
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andबहुत
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsइस
thistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessoदूर
farastoletthisbeunderstood,शायद
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,या
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
पुराने
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,साथ
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofपुराने
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.या
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmailandmask—inवास्तव
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratबार
onceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastएक
aglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofएक
asicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithasgradually
हो
becomecleartomewhatप्रत्येक
everygreatphilosophyuptillअब
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,और
andaspeciesofinvoluntaryऔर
andunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreover
कि
thatthemoral(orimmoral)purposeinप्रत्येक
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthasहमेशा
alwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstand
कैसे
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofकिसी
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisहमेशा
alwayswell(andwise)toपहले
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,I
की
donotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;लेकिन
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasकेवल
onlymadeuseofknowledgeऔर
(andmistakenknowledge!)asaninstrument.
लेकिन
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofमनुष्य
manwithaviewtodetermininghowतक
fartheymayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENIIया
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindthattheyhaveसभी
allpracticedphilosophyatoneसमय
timeoranother,andthatप्रत्येक
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateअंत
endofexistenceandthelegitimateLORDoverसभी
alltheotherimpulses.For
प्रत्येक
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthe
मामले
caseofscholars,intheमामले
caseofreallyscientificmen,itmaybeotherwise—"better,"यदि
ifyouwill;theretheremay
वास्तव
reallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"कुछ
somekindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,जब
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatअंत
end,WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialभाग
parttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthe
परिवार
family,perhaps,orinmoney-making,या
orinpolitics;itis,in
वास्तव
fact,almostindifferentatwhatबिंदु
pointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,और
andwhetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesएक
agoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,या
orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecoming
यह
thisorthat.Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
कुछ
nothingimpersonal;andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
एक
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyastoकौन
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatक्रम
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnatureखड़े
standtoeachother.7.
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
Iknowof
कुछ
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
और
andonthefaceofit,theशब्द
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesऔर
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchastosay,"Theyare
सभी
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuineबारे
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularनाम
nameforanactor).Andthelatteris
वास्तव
reallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
और
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotaमास्टर
master!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
और
andwrotethreehundredbooks,शायद
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
कौन
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
एक
apointineveryphilosophyatजिस
whichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;या
or,toputitinthewordsofएक
anancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
YoudesiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
एक
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,बिना
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityया
orjustice,atoncefruitfulऔर
andbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
एक
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordancewithsuchindifference?Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwise
से
thanthisNature?Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
अलग
different?Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"means
वास्तव
actuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyouकर
doDIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyoumake
एक
aprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesहैं
are,andmustbe?Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
साथ
withyou:whileyoupretendto
पढ़ने
readwithrapturethecanonofyourकानून
lawinNature,youwantकुछ
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersऔर
andself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
और
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,और
andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsist
कि
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"और
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeबाद
afteryourownimage,asएक
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!साथ
Withallyourloveforसत्य
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvessoलंबे समय
long,sopersistently,andwithइतनी
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,कि
thatistosay,Stoically,कि
thatyouarenolongerसक्षम
abletoseeitotherwise—andtocrownall,कुछ
someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamiteआशा
hopethatBECAUSEyouareसक्षम
abletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillभी
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedपर
over:isnottheStoica
हिस्सा
PARTofNature?...Butthisis
एक
anoldandeverlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimes
साथ
withtheStoicsstillhappensआज
today,assoonaseverकोई
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.It
हमेशा
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;itcannot
कर
dootherwise;philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
सबसे
mostspiritualWilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thewilltothecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
और
andsubtlety,Ishouldevenकह
saycraftiness,withwhichtheसमस्या
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesभोजन
foodforthoughtandattention;और
andhewhohearsonlyएक
a"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,और
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrare
और
andisolatedcases,itmayवास्तव
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchएक
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantऔर
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:thatwhichinthe
अंत
endalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toएक
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
जो
whoprefertoputtheirअंतिम
lasttrustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.लेकिन
ButthatisNihilism,andtheसंकेत
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsuchएक
avirtuemaydisplay.Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
साथ
withstrongerandlivelierthinkersजो
whoarestilleagerforजीवन
life.Inthattheyside
विरुद्ध
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotवास्तव
reallytryingtowinbackकुछ
somethingwhichwasformerlyanभी
evensecurerpossession,somethingoftheपुराने
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,शायद
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theपुराने
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTof
इन
thesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterdayऔर
andtoday;thereisperhaps
कुछ
someslightadmixtureofsatietyऔर
andscorn,whichcannolongerendureको
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasofको
themostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonको
themarket;adisgustof
को
themorerefinedtasteatको
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofसभी
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisकुछ
nothingeithernewortrue,exceptइस
thismotleyness.Thereinitseemstome
कि
thatweshouldagreewithउन
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;theirinstinct,
जो
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
हमें
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
कि
thattheywishtogo"back,"butकि
thattheywishtogetदूर
AWAYtherefrom.AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
वापस
back!11.
ItseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
और
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichheनिर्धारित
setuponhimself.KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhis
हाथ
handhesaid:"Thisisthe
सबसे
mostdifficultthingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."चलो
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!HewasproudofhavingDISCOVERED
एक
anewfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentएक
apriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthis
मामले
matter;thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
और
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscoverयदि
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofजिसके
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetoकी
doso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatis
वास्तव
reallyhisanswer?"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
पांच
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,और
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityऔर
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherखो
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchanउत्तर
answer.Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightoverthis
नई
newfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxजब
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratउस
thattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."ThencamethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
सभी
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionगए
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."और
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inउस
thatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,toजिसके
whichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedऔर
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguishबीच
between"finding"and"inventing"!Above
सब
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristened
इसे
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedको
themostearnestlongingsofको
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.One
सकता
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantऔर
andeccentricmovement(whichwasवास्तव
reallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryऔर
andsenileconceptions),thantoलेने
takeitseriously,oreventreatitसाथ
withmoralindignation.Enough,however—the
दुनिया
worldgrewolder,andtheसपना
dreamvanished.Atimecame
जब
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,और
andtheystillrubthemआज
today.Peoplehadbeendreaming,
और
andfirstandforemost—oldKant."Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
या
oratleastmeanttosay.लेकिन
But,isthat—ananswer?Anexplanation?
या
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionoftheप्रश्न
question?Howdoesopiuminduce
नींद
sleep?"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
डॉक्टर
doctorinMoliere,.Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
और
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianप्रश्न
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"by
अन्य
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishighसमय
timethatweshouldunderstandकि
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbeमाना
believedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;हालांकि
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!या
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;we
है
havenorighttothem;inourmouthstheyare
कुछ
nothingbutfalsejudgments.Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheir
सच्चाई
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefऔर
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewofजीवन
life.Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
आशा
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughouttheपूरे
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
और
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofसभी
allnations,tofindanantidotetotheअभी भी
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...