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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening German A1-B2 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening German A1-B2 Translation Books

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
eine
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
alle
allphilosophers,insofarasthey
haben
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
verstehen
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
und
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
haben
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Wahrheit
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinning
eine
awoman?
Certainlyshehas
nie
neverallowedherselftobewon;
und
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandswithsad
und
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintain
dass
thatithasfallen,that
alle
alldogmaliesontheground—naymore,
dass
thatitisatitslastgasp.
Aber
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsfor
hoffen
hopingthatalldogmatizingin
philosophie
philosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
und
anddecidedairsithasassumed,may
sein
havebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
und
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
zeit
timeisathandwhenit
werden
willbeonceandagainunderstoodWHAThas
tatsächlich
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
und
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
haben
havehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopular
aberglaube
superstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,inthe
form
formofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
vielleicht
perhapssomeplayuponwords,a
täuschung
deceptiononthepartof
grammatik
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
sehr
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
philosophie
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
nur
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswas
astrologie
astrologyinstillearliertimes,inthe
dienst
serviceofwhichprobablymorelabour,
gold
gold,acuteness,andpatiencehavebeen
ausgegeben
spentthanonanyactual
wissenschaft
sciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
und
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
und
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
It
scheint
seemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
herz
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
alle
allgreatthingshavefirstto
wandern
wanderabouttheearthasenormous
und
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
eine
acaricatureofthiskind—for
beispiel
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
und
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbe
undankbar
ungratefultoit,althoughitmust
sicherlich
certainlybeconfessedthatthe
schlimmste
worst,themosttiresome,and
der
themostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeen
ein
adogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
und
andtheGoodinItself.
Aber
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
wenn
whenEurope,ridofthis
albtraum
nightmare,canagaindrawbreathfreely
und
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
wir
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
aller
allthestrengthwhichthe
kampf
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedto
der
theveryinversionoftruth,
und
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,to
sprechen
speakofSpiritandthe
Gut
GoodasPlatospokeofthem;
tat
indeedonemightask,asa
arzt
physician:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinest
produkt
productofantiquity,Plato?
Had
der
thewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
ihn
him?
WasSocratesafterall
ein
acorrupterofyouths,and
verdiente
deservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
kampf
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
und
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
gegen
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Christentum
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
erzeugte
producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnot
existiert
existedanywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrained
bogen
bowonecannowaimat
die
thefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
diese
thistensionasastateof
not
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthe
bogen
bow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
und
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withthe
hilfe
aidoflibertyofthepress
und
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitabout
so
thatthespiritwouldnotso
leicht
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
erfunden
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
aber
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
erfanden
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoare
weder
neitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
sogar
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
und
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
haben
haveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
und
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Und
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
pflicht
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapitel
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Wille
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
alle
allphilosophershavehithertospokenwith
respekt
respect,whatquestionshasthis
Wille
WilltoTruthnotlaidbeforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
schon
alreadyalongstory;
yetit
scheint
seemsasifitwere
kaum
hardlycommenced.
Isitany
wunder
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
verlieren
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Dass
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
WHOisit
wirklich
reallythatputsquestionstous
hier
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
Infactwemadea
lange
longhaltatthequestionasto
der
theoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwe
kamen
cametoanabsolutestandstill
vor
beforeayetmorefundamental
frage
question.
Weinquiredaboutthe
Wert
VALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwe
wollen
wantthetruth:
WHYNOT
Lieber
RATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Even
unwissenheit
ignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueof
wahrheit
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwewhopresentedourselves
vor
beforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
hier
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
scheint
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
und
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
könnte
coulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousasifthe
problem
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscern
es
it,getasightof
es
it,andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
risiko
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereis
kein
nogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Könnte
COULDanythingoriginateoutofits
gegenteil
opposite?
Forexample,truthoutof
irrtum
error?
ortheWillto
Wahrheit
Truthoutofthewillto
täuschung
deception?
orthegenerousdeed
aus
outofselfishness?
orthepuresun-bright
vision
visionofthewiseman
aus
outofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisis
unmöglich
impossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
ein
afool,nay,worsethan
ein
afool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
müssen
musthaveadifferentorigin,an
ursprung
originofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
welt
world,inthisturmoilof
täuschung
delusionandcupidity,theycannot
haben
havetheirsource.
Butratherinthe
schoß
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Gott
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
quelle
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeof
argumentation
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
aller
alltimescanberecognized,
diese
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
aller
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
etwas
somethingthatisintheend
feierlich
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
Thefundamental
glaube
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Glaube
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
Itneveroccurredeventothewariestofthemto
zweifel
doubthereonthevery
schwelle
threshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);
obwohl
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemn
gelübde
vow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kann
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
existieren
existatall;
andsecondly,
ob
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
haben
havesettheirseal,arenot
vielleicht
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
wahrscheinlich
probablymadefromsomecorner,
vielleicht
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
leihen
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
trotz
spiteofallthevaluewhich
kann
maybelongtothetrue,thepositive,
und
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
möglich
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamental
wert
valueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothe
werden
willtodelusion,toselfishness,
und
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
möglich
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
wert
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consists
genau
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
verwandt
related,knotted,andcrochetedtothese
bösen
evilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhaps
sogar
eveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Vielleicht
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthat
untersuchung
investigationonemustawaittheadventofanew
ordnung
orderofphilosophers,suchas
werden
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Und
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
sehe
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
erscheinen
appear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
und
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
lange
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
teil
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
und
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophical
denken
thinking;
onehashereto
lernen
learnanew,asonelearnedanew
über
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
wenig
littleastheactof
geburt
birthcomesintoconsiderationinthewhole
prozess
processandprocedureofheredity,justas
wenig
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
der
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
heimlich
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
und
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Und
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming
souveränität
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,ortospeak
mehr
moreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
beispiel
example,thatthecertainis
wert
worthmorethantheuncertain,
dass
thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Angenommen
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnot
nur
justthe"measureofthings."
4.
Die
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
einwand
objectiontoit:
itis
hier
here,perhaps,thatournew
sprache
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
frage
questionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
vielleicht
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintain
dass
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletous,
dass
thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
ohne
withoutacomparisonofrealitywiththe
rein
purelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
und
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
welt
worldbymeansofnumbers,man
könnte
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
leben
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
sicherlich
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
eine
adangerousmanner,anda
philosophie
philosophywhichventurestodoso,hasthereby
allein
aloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
und
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
betrachtet
regardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
entdeckung
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
oft
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
und
andlosetheirway,in
kurz
short,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—but
dass
thatthereisnotenough
ehrlich
honestdealingwiththem,whereasthey
alle
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
wenn
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
auch
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
alle
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
und
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofacold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(in
gegensatz
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
und
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,
idee
idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
wunsch
desireabstractedandrefined,is
verteidigt
defendedbythemwitharguments
gesucht
soughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
alle
alladvocateswhodonotwishtobe
angesehen
regardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
auch
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Sehr
VERYfarfromhavingthe
gewissen
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
sehr
veryfarfromhavingthegood
geschmack
tasteofthecouragewhich
geht
goessofarastoletthisbeunderstood,
vielleicht
perhapstowarnfriendor
feind
foe,orincheerfulconfidence
und
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
ebenso
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
führen
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
lächeln
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
und
andethicalpreachers.
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematical
form
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
philosophie
philosophyinmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
übersetzen
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebyto
schlagen
striketerroratonceintothe
herz
heartoftheassailantwho
sollte
shoulddaretocasta
blick
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
viel
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerability
tat
doesthismasqueradeofasicklyrecluse
verrät
betray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecome
klar
cleartomewhateverygreat
philosophie
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,
das
theconfessionofitsoriginator,
und
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
und
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
dass
thatthemoral(orimmoral)
zweck
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgerm
aus
outofwhichtheentire
pflanze
planthasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
verstehen
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisalways
gut
well(andwise)tofirst
fragen
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
glaube
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"is
der
thefatherofphilosophy;
but
dass
thatanotherimpulse,hereas
anderswo
elsewhere,hasonlymadeuseof
wissen
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
ein
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermininghowfartheymay
haben
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemons
und
andcobolds),willfindthatthey
haben
haveallpracticedphilosophyat
einer
onetimeoranother,andthat
jeder
eachoneofthemwould
haben
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendof
existenz
existenceandthelegitimateLORD
über
overalltheotherimpulses.
For
jeder
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sicher
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
fall
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
kann
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
kann
mayreallybesuchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"
etwas
somekindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
wenn
whenwellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Ohne
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterial
teil
parttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
daher
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthe
familie
family,perhaps,orinmoney-making,orin
politik
politics;
itis,infact,
fast
almostindifferentatwhatpointof
forschung
researchhislittlemachineisplaced,
und
andwhetherthehopefulyoung
arbeiter
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,
ein
amushroomspecialist,ora
chemiker
chemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereis
absolut
absolutelynothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,his
moral
moralityfurnishesadecidedanddecisive
zeugnis
testimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
reihenfolge
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
natur
naturestandtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
können
canbe!
Iknowof
nichts
nothingmorestingingthanthe
witz
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
und
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
und
andonthefaceofit,the
wort
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
und
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
viel
muchastosay,"Theyare
alle
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
name
nameforanactor).
Andthelatteris
wirklich
reallythemalignantreproachthatEpicurus
warf
castuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
weise
manner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
und
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnota
meister
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhislittle
garten
gardenatAthens,andwrotethreehundredbooks,
vielleicht
perhapsoutofrageandambitious
neid
envyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetooka
hundert
hundredyearstofindoutwho
der
thegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisa
punkt
pointineveryphilosophyatwhich
die
the"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearson
die
thescene;
or,toputitin
den
thewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Leben
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
ein
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagant
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeor
rücksicht
consideration,withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitful
und
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Gleichgültigkeit
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
leben
liveinaccordancewithsuch
gleichgültigkeit
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
nur
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
als
thanthisNature?
Isnot
leben
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Und
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"means
eigentlich
actuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
könnten
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
solltet
shouldyoumakeaprinciple
aus
outofwhatyouyourselvesare,
und
andmustbe?
Inreality,
jedoch
however,itisquiteotherwisewithyou:
während
whileyoupretendtoreadwithrapturethe
kanon
canonofyourlawin
Natur
Nature,youwantsomethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
und
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishto
diktieren
dictateyourmoralsandidealsto
Natur
Nature,toNatureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
bestehen
insistthatitshallbe
Natur
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
und
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourown
bild
image,asavast,eternalglorification
und
andgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyour
liebe
lovefortruth,youhave
gezwungen
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,
und
andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
sehen
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,thatyouare
nicht
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
krönen
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamite
hoffnung
hopethatBECAUSEyouare
in der lage
abletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
auch
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
über
over:
isnottheStoic
ein
aPARTofNature?...
Butthisis
eine
anoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimeswith
den
theStoicsstillhappenstoday,assoonasever
eine
aphilosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
Italwayscreates
die
theworldinitsown
bild
image;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophie
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themostspiritual
Wille
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"the
wille
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
und
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
sagen
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problem
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"is
gibt
dealtwithatpresentthroughout
Europa
Europe,furnishesfoodforthought
und
andattention;
andhewhohears
nur
onlya"WilltoTruth"in
den
thebackground,andnothingelse,cannot
sicherlich
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
und
andisolatedcases,itmay
wirklich
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
ein
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
und
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ehrgeiz
ambitionoftheforlornhope—has
teilgenommen
participatedtherein:
thatwhichin
das
theendalwaysprefersa
handvoll
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
kann
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,who
vorziehen
prefertoputtheirlast
vertrauen
trustinasurenothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
etwas
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
und
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
seele
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
solche
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
It
scheint
seems,however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
und
andlivelierthinkerswhoare
immer noch
stilleagerforlife.
In
so
thattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
und
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"in
so
thattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodies
etwa
aboutaslowasthe
glaubwürdigkeit
credibilityoftheocularevidence
so
that"theearthstandsstill,"
und
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
besitz
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
glaubt
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoknows
ob
iftheyarenotreally
versuchen
tryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwas
früher
formerlyanevensecurerpossession,
etwas
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
vielleicht
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"theoldGod,"in
kurz
short,ideasbywhichthey
könnten
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,
noch
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
dieser
thismodeoflookingatthings,
ein
adisbeliefinallthathasbeen
gebaut
constructedyesterdayandtoday;
thereis
vielleicht
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
und
andscorn,whichcannolonger
ertragen
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvaried
herkunft
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
wirft
throwsonthemarket;
a
ekel
disgustofthemorerefinedtasteat
der
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
nichts
nothingeithernewortrue,
außer
exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
scheint
seemstomethatwe
sollten
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
und
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinkt
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERN
realität
reality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!
Das
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
wollen
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
wollen
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Ein
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
mut
courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
zurück
back!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
überall
everywhereanattemptatpresenttodivert
aufmerksamkeit
attentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
philosophie
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
wert
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirstandforemost
stolz
proudofhisTableofCategories;
withitinhis
hand
handhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
sache
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Lassen
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
stolz
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,
die
thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
eine
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
dieser
thismatter;
thedevelopmentand
schnelle
rapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydepended
dennoch
neverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyounger
generation
generationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
fragt
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
antwort
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
leider
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
und
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
und
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
verliert
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
verwickelt
involvedinsuchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswith
freude
delightoverthisnewfaculty,
und
andthejubilationreachedits
höhepunkt
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
eine
amoralfacultyinman—foratthat
zeit
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
kam
camethehoneymoonofGerman
philosophie
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
institution
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—all
suche
seekingfor"faculties."
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
und
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,the
bösartige
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,
als
whenonecouldnotyet
unterscheiden
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveall
eine
afacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristened
es
it,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthe
von natur aus
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
tun
donogreaterwrongtothewholeof
dieser
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstanding
so
thatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
und
andsenileconceptions),thanto
nehmen
takeitseriously,oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.
Genug
Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
und
andthedreamvanished.
A
zeit
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
und
andtheystillrubthem
heute
today.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
und
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"By
gemeint
meansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratleast
gemeint
meanttosay.
But,isthat—an
antwort
answer?
Anexplanation?
Orisitnot
eher
rathermerelyarepetitionof
der
thequestion?
Howdoesopiuminduce
schlaf
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nämlich
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
arzt
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
gehören
belongtotherealmofcomedy,
und
anditishightimeto
ersetzen
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanother
frage
question,"Whyisbeliefin
solche
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
zeit
timethatweshouldunderstand
dass
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobe
wahr
true,forthesakeofthe
erhaltung
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
obwohl
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Or,moreplainlyspoken,
und
androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
sollten
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
haben
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
nichts
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,ofcourse,the
glaube
beliefintheirtruthis
notwendig
necessary,asplausiblebeliefandocular
beweis
evidencebelongingtotheperspective
sicht
viewoflife.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormous
einfluss
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
verstehen
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeof
Europa
Europe,thereisnodoubt
dass
thatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
ein
ashareinit;
thankstoGerman
philosophie
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
und
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
aller
allnations,tofindan
gegenmittel
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelast
jahrhundert
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...