CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
Inthe
jahr
year1878ItookmydegreeofDoktor
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,und
andproceededtoNetleytoging
gothroughthecourseprescribedforsurgeonsinthearmy.Havingcompletedmystudies
dort
there,Iwasdulyattachedtodie
theFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthetime,
und
andbeforeIcouldjoinit,thezweite
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,Ilearned
dass
thatmycorpshadadvanceddurch
throughthepasses,andwasbereits
alreadydeepintheenemy’sland
country.Ifollowed,however,withmanyotherofficerswhowereinthesamesituationasmyself,
und
andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,wo
whereIfoundmyregiment,und
andatonceentereduponmynewduties.Der
Thecampaignbroughthonoursandpromotiontomany,aber
butformeithadnichts
nothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
und
andattachedtotheBerkshires,withwhomIservedatthefatalbattleofMaiwand.Dort
ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderbyaJezailbullet,whichshatteredtheboneund
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.IshouldhavefallenintothehandsofthemurderousGhazishaditnotbeenforthedevotion
und
andcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,whothrewmeacrossein
apack-horse,andsucceededinbringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Wornwithpain,
und
andweakfromtheprolongedhardshipswhichIhadundergone,Iwasremoved,withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tothebasekrankenhaus
hospitalatPeshawar.HereIrallied,
und
andhadalreadyimprovedsofarastobein der lage
abletowalkaboutthewards,und
andeventobaskawenig
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
leben
lifewasdespairedof,andals
whenatlastIcametomyselfund
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweakund
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedso
thatnotadayshouldbeverloren
lostinsendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
und
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,aber
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthenextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.IhadneitherkithnorkininEngland,
und
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—orasfreeasanincomeofelevenshillingsund
andsixpenceadaywillpermitamann
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,thatgreatcesspoolintowhich
alle
alltheloungersandidlersofden
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Dort
ThereIstayedforsomezeit
timeataprivatehotelindas
theStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,und
andspendingsuchmoneyasIhad,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarmingdidthestateofmyfinancesbecome,
so
thatIsoonrealizedthatImustentweder
eitherleavethemetropolisandrusticatesomewhereintheland
country,orthatImustmakeacompletealterationinmystyleofliving.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganbymakingupmymindto
verlassen
leavethehotel,andtotakeupmyquartersinsomelesspretentiousund
andlessexpensivedomicile.Onthevery
tag
daythatIhadcometothisconclusion,IwasstandingattheCriterionBar,als
whensomeonetappedmeontheshoulder,und
andturningroundIrecognizedyoungStamford,whohadbeenadresserunter
undermeatBarts.Thesightof
eine
afriendlyfaceinthegreatwildernessofLondoniseine
apleasantthingindeedtoeine
alonelyman.InolddaysStamfordhad
nie
neverbeenaparticularcronyofmine,aber
butnowIhailedhimwithenthusiasm,und
andhe,inhisturn,appearedtobedelightedtosehen
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,Iaskedhimtolunchwithmeat
der
theHolborn,andwestartedoffzusammen
togetherinahansom.“Whatever
haben
haveyoubeendoingwithyourself,Watson?”he
fragte
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattleddurch
throughthecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
eine
alathandasbrownaseine
anut.”Igavehim
eine
ashortsketchofmyadventures,und
andhadhardlyconcludeditbythetimethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
hesaid,commiseratingly,afterhehadlistenedtomymisfortunes.
“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”Ianswered.
“Tryingtosolve
das
theproblemastowhetheritispossibletogetcomfortableroomsatareasonableprice.”“That’s
eine
astrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;“youare
der
thesecondmanto-daythathasusedthatexpressiontome.”“Andwhowas
der
thefirst?”Iasked.
“Afellowwhoisworkingat
der
thechemicallaboratoryupatder
thehospital.Hewasbemoaninghimselfthis
morgen
morningbecausehecouldnotbekommen
getsomeonetogohalveswithhiminsomeniceroomsder
whichhehadfound,andder
whichweretoomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
wirklich
reallywantssomeonetosharetheroomsund
andtheexpense,Iamtheverymann
manforhim.Ishouldpreferhavingapartnertobeingalone.”
Junge
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeüber
overhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
kennen
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hesaid;“perhapsyou
würden
wouldnotcareforhimasaconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatisthere
gegen
againsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’tsaytherewas
etwas
anythingagainsthim.Heis
ein
alittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastinsomebranchesofscience.AsfarasIknowheis
ein
adecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
said
Ich
I.“No—Ihavenoideawhatheintendstogoinfor.
I
glaube
believeheiswellupinanatomy,und
andheisafirst-classchemist;aber
but,asfarasIknow,hehasnie
nevertakenoutanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesare
sehr
verydesultoryandeccentric,buthehasamassedeine
alotofout-of-thewayknowledgewhichwürde
wouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
nie
neveraskhimwhathewasgoinginfor?”I
gefragt
asked.“No;
heisnota
mann
manthatitiseasytodrawout,obwohl
thoughhecanbecommunicativegenug
enoughwhenthefancyseizeshim.”“Ishouldliketo
treffen
meethim,”Isaid.“IfIamtolodgewithanyone,I
soll
shouldpreferamanofstudiousund
andquiethabits.Iamnotstrong
genug
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseorexcitement.Ihad
genug
enoughofbothinAfghanistantolastmeforden
theremainderofmynaturalexistence.How
könnte
couldImeetthisfriendofyours?”“Heis
sicher
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“He
entweder
eitheravoidstheplaceforweeks,orelseheworksdort
therefrommorningtonight.Wenn
Ifyoulike,weshallfahren
driveroundtogetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”Ianswered,
und
andtheconversationdriftedawayintoandere
otherchannels.Aswemadeour
weg
waytothehospitalafterverlassen
leavingtheHolborn,Stamfordgavemeein
afewmoreparticularsaboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtotakeasein
afellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
wenn
ifyoudon’tgetonwithhim,”hesaid;“Iknow
nichts
nothingmoreofhimthanIhavelearnedfrommeetinghimoccasionallyinthelaboratory.Youproposed
diese
thisarrangement,soyoumustnothalten
holdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’tgetonit
wird
willbeeasytopartcompany,”Ianswered.“Itseemsto
mir
me,Stamford,”Iadded,lookinghart
hardatmycompanion,“thatyouhaben
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsofder
thematter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,orwhatis
es
it?Don’tbemealy-mouthedaboutit.”
“Itisnot
leicht
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”heansweredwithalaugh.“Holmesisa
etwas
littletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
könnte
couldimaginehisgivingafreund
friendalittlepinchofthelatestvegetablealkaloid,notaus
outofmalevolence,youunderstand,sondern
butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertohaben
haveanaccurateideaoftheeffects.Todohimjustice,I
denke
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfwiththesamereadiness.Heappearsto
haben
haveapassionfordefiniteund
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
aber
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Wenn
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomswitheine
astick,itiscertainlytakingrathereine
abizarreshape.”“Beatingthesubjects!”
“Yes,toverifyhowfarbruises
können
maybeproducedafterdeath.I
gesehen
sawhimatitwithmyowneyes.”“And
doch
yetyousayheisnotamedicalstudent?”“No.
Heavenknowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiesare.
Aber
Buthereweare,andyoumüssen
mustformyourownimpressionsüber
abouthim.”Ashespoke,weturneddown
eine
anarrowlaneandpasseddurch
throughasmallside-door,whichöffnete
openedintoawingofdie
thegreathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
mir
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircaseund
andmadeourwaydownthelongcorridorwithitsvistaofwhitewashedwallund
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurtherend
ein
alowarchedpassagebranchedawayfromitund
andledtothechemicallaboratory.Thiswas
eine
aloftychamber,linedandlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescatteredabout,whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,
und
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Therewas
nur
onlyonestudentintheraum
room,whowasbendingoveradistanttableabsorbedinhisarbeit
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
und
andsprangtohisfeetwithacryofpleasure.“I’vefound
es
it!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhis
hand
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
der
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,und
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
eine
agoldmine,greaterdelightkönnen
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”saidStamford,introducingus.
“Howareyou?”
hesaidcordially,grippingmy
hand
handwithastrengthforwhichIsollte
shouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit.“YouhavebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”
“Howonearthdidyouknowthat?”
I
fragte
askedinastonishment.“Nevermind,”saidhe,chucklingtohimself.
“The
frage
questionnowisabouthæmoglobin.Nodoubtyou
sehen
seethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,nodoubt,”Ianswered,“butpractically——”.
“Why,
mann
man,itisthemostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
siehst
seethatitgivesusaninfallibletestforbloodstains.Comeoverherenow!”
Heseizedmeby
den
thecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,und
anddrewmeovertoden
thetableatwhichhehadbeenworking.“Letushave
etwas
somefreshblood,”hesaid,diggingein
alongbodkinintohisfinger,und
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofblut
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
diese
thissmallquantityofbloodtoalitreofwasser
water.Youperceivethattheresultingmixturehastheappearanceofpurewater.
Der
Theproportionofbloodcannotbemehr
morethanoneinamillion
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,thatweshallbe
in der lage
abletoobtainthecharacteristicreaction.”Ashespoke,hethrewinto
das
thevesselafewwhitecrystals,und
andthenaddedsomedropsofein
atransparentfluid.Inaninstantthecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,
und
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtothebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
und
andlookingasdelightedasein
achildwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyouthinkofthat?”
“Itseemstobe
ein
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
beautiful!
Der
TheoldGuiacumtestwassehr
veryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthemicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.
Die
Thelatterisvaluelessifdie
thestainsareafewhoursalt
old.Now,thisappearstoactaswellwhether
das
thebloodisoldorneu
new.Hadthistestbeeninvented,therearehundredsofmen
jetzt
nowwalkingtheearthwhowouldlongvor
agohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhinginguponthatone
punkt
point.Amanissuspectedof
ein
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithasbeencommitted.Hislinenorclothesareexamined,
und
andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponthem.Aretheybloodstains,ormudstains,orruststains,orfruitstains,orwhatarethey?
Thatisa
frage
questionwhichhaspuzzledmanyanexpert,und
andwhy?Becausetherewasnoreliabletest.
Jetzt
NowwehavetheSherlockHolmes’test,und
andtherewillnolongerbeanydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashespoke,
und
andheputhishandüber
overhisheartandbowedasob
iftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewas
den
thecaseofVonBischoffatFrankfortlastjahr
year.Hewouldcertainlyhavebeenhunghad
dieser
thistestbeeninexistence.ThentherewasMasonofBradford,
und
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,und
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
könnte
couldnameascoreofcasesinwhichitwouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobe
ein
awalkingcalendarofcrime,”saidStamfordwithein
alaugh.“Youmightstart
eine
apaperonthoselines.Nennen
Callitthe‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.“Veryinterestingreadingit
könnte
mightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickingasmallpieceofplasterüber
overtheprickonhisfinger.“Ihavetobecareful,”hecontinued,
wandte
turningtomewithasmile,“forIdabblewithpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheld
aus
outhishandashespoke,und
andInoticedthatitwasalle
allmottledoverwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,und
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“Wecamehereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,
und
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectionwithhisfoot.“My
freund
friendherewantstotakediggings,und
andasyouwerecomplainingdass
thatyoucouldgetnoonetogeht
gohalveswithyou,Idachte
thoughtthatIhadbetterbringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedat
der
theideaofsharinghisroomswithmir
me.“IhavemyeyeonasuiteinBakerStreet,”hesaid,“which
würde
wouldsuitusdowntotheground.Youdon’tmind
den
thesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“Ialwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Ianswered.
“That’s
gut
goodenough.Igenerallyhavechemicalsabout,
und
andoccasionallydoexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“By
nicht
nomeans.”“Letmesee—whataremyothershortcomings.
Igetinthedumpsattimes,
und
anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.Youmustnot
denken
thinkIamsulkywhenItue
dothat.Justletmealone,
und
andI’llsoonberight.Whathaveyoutoconfess
jetzt
now?It’sjustaswellfor
zwei
twofellowstoknowtheworstofoneanotherbevor
beforetheybegintolivetogether.”Ilaughedatthiscross-examination.
“Ikeepabullpup,”Isaid,“andIobjecttorows
weil
becausemynervesareshaken,und
andIgetupatallsortsofungodlyhours,und
andIamextremelylazy.Ihaveanother
reihe
setofviceswhenI’mwell,aber
butthosearetheprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
fragte
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”Ianswered.
“Awell-playedviolinis
ein
atreatforthegods—abadly-playedone——”.“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,withamerrylaugh.
“I
denke
thinkwemayconsiderthesache
thingassettled—thatis,iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
sehen
seethem?”“Callformehereatnoon
morgen
to-morrow,andwe’llgotogetherund
andsettleeverything,”heanswered.“Allright—noonexactly,”said
Ich
I,shakinghishand.We
gingen
lefthimworkingamonghischemicals,und
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
fragte
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucedidheknowdass
thatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
ein
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthislittlepeculiarity,”hesaid.
“Agood
viele
manypeoplehavewantedtowissen
knowhowhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
ein
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
sehr
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyouforbringingustogether.
‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
müssen
muststudyhim,then,”Stamfordsaid,ashebademegood-bye.“You’llfindhim
ein
aknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhelearns
mehr
moreaboutyouthanyouüber
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.