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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening French A1-B2 Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening French A1-B2 Books

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
une
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
soupçonner
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insofarasthey
ont
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
comprendre
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
et
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
ont
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Vérité
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
gagner
winningawoman?
Certainlyshehas
jamais
neverallowedherselftobe
gagner
won;
andatpresenteverykindofdogma
tiennent
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,
en effet
indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
tombé
fallen,thatalldogmalieson
le
theground—naymore,thatitisatits
dernier
lastgasp.
Buttospeak
sérieusement
seriously,therearegoodgroundsforhoping
que
thatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whatever
solennelle
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,
pu
mayhavebeenonlya
noble
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
and
probablement
probablythetimeisat
main
handwhenitwillbeonce
et
andagainunderstoodWHAThasactually
suffi
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
et
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
ont
havehithertoreared:
perhapssome
populaire
popularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchas
la
thesoul-superstition,which,inthe
forme
formofsubject-
andego-superstition,hasnotyet
cessé
ceaseddoingmischief):
perhapssome
jouent
playuponwords,adeceptiononthepartof
grammaire
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
très
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
La
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlya
promesse
promiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,in
la
theserviceofwhichprobably
plus
morelabour,gold,acuteness,and
patience
patiencehavebeenspentthanon
toute
anyactualsciencehitherto:
we
devons
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
et
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
It
semble
seemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
cœur
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
toutes
allgreatthingshavefirstto
errer
wanderabouttheearthasenormous
et
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
une
acaricatureofthiskind—for
exemple
instance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
et
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
doive
mustcertainlybeconfessedthat
la
theworst,themosttiresome,
et
andthemostdangerousoferrorshitherto
doive
hasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionof
Pur
PureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.
Mais
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthis
cauchemar
nightmare,canagaindrawbreath
librement
freelyandatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
nous
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthe
force
strengthwhichthestruggleagainstthis
erreur
errorhasfostered.
Itamountedto
la
theveryinversionoftruth,
et
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
vie
life,tospeakofSpirit
et
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
en effet
indeedonemightask,asa
médecin
physician:
"Howdidsuchamalady
attaqué
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Hadthe
méchant
wickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?
WasSocrates
après
afterallacorrupterofyouths,
et
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthe
lutte
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
et
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contre
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Christianisme
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),
produit
producedinEuropeamagnificent
tension
tensionofsoul,suchashadnot
existé
existedanywherepreviously;
withsuchatenselystrained
arc
bowonecannowaimat
les
thefurthestgoals.
Asamatterof
fait
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthis
tension
tensionasastateof
détresse
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrand
style
styletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
et
andthesecondtimebymeansof
démocratique
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidof
liberté
libertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,
pourrait
might,infact,bringitaboutthat
la
thespiritwouldnotso
facilement
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
inventé
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
mais
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—they
inventé
inventedprinting.)
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
même
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
et
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,all
la
thedistressofspiritandall
la
thetensionofitsbow!
Et
Andperhapsalsothearrow,the
devoir
duty,and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Chapitre
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Volonté
WilltoTruth,whichisto
tenter
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,the
célèbre
famousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophers
ont
havehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestions
devant
hasthisWilltoTruthnotlaid
devant
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
déjà
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwere
à peine
hardlycommenced.
Isitany
étonnant
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdre
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Que
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
poser
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythat
pose
putsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nous
us?
Infactwemadealong
arrêt
haltatthequestionasto
la
theoriginofthisWill—untilatlastwe
arrivions
cametoanabsolutestandstill
devant
beforeayetmorefundamental
question
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
ce
thisWill.
Grantedthatwe
voulions
wantthetruth:
WHYNOT
Plutôt
RATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problème
problemofthevalueof
vérité
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
qui
whopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problème
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
ici
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
semblerait
seemtobearendezvousofquestions
et
andnotesofinterrogation.
And
peut
coulditbebelievedthatitatlast
semble
seemstousasifthe
problème
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,as
si
ifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
et
andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereis
risque
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereis
pas
nogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Pourrait
COULDanythingoriginateoutofits
opposé
opposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
ou
ortheWilltoTruthoutof
la
thewilltodeception?
orthe
généreux
generousdeedoutofselfishness?
ou
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
la
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Such
genèse
genesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitis
un
afool,nay,worsethan
un
afool;
thingsofthehighest
valeur
valuemusthaveadifferent
origine
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,
séduisant
seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthis
tourmente
turmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannot
avoir
havetheirsource.
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dieu
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
source
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
révèle
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
tous
alltimescanberecognized,
ce
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
tous
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
cette
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
quelque chose
somethingthatisintheend
solennellement
solemnlychristened"theTruth."
The
fondamentale
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHE
Croyance
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
jamais
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
ici
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,
cependant
however,wasmostnecessary);
thoughtheyhad
fait
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
peut
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
et
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
et
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
ont
havesettheirseal,arenot
peut-être
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablement
probablymadefromsomecorner,
peut-être
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
emprunter
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
malgré
spiteofallthevaluewhich
peut
maybelongtothetrue,
la
thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbe
possible
possiblethatahigherand
plus
morefundamentalvalueforlife
en général
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,to
la
thewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
et
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
possible
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthe
valeur
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
et
andcrochetedtotheseevil
et
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeing
essentiellement
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Perhaps!
Mais
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuch
dangereux
dangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationonemust
attendre
awaittheadventofanew
ordre
orderofphilosophers,suchas
être
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,
les
thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersof
les
thedangerous"Perhaps"inevery
sens
senseoftheterm.
Andto
parler
speakinallseriousness,I
vois
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningto
apparaître
appear.
3.
Havingkeptasharp
œil
eyeonphilosophers,andhaving
lu
readbetweentheirlineslongenough,I
maintenant
nowsaytomyselfthatthe
plus
greaterpartofconsciousthinking
doit
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
et
anditissoeveninthe
cas
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
ici
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
sur
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
peu
littleastheactof
naissance
birthcomesintoconsiderationin
la
thewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
peu
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
la
theinstinctiveinanydecisive
sens
sense;
thegreaterpartof
la
theconsciousthinkingofa
philosophe
philosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
et
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Et
Andbehindalllogicanditsseeming
souveraineté
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
ou
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthe
maintien
maintenanceofadefinitemodeof
vie
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
plus
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionis
moins
lessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,in
dépit
spiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nous
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchas
peuvent
maybenecessaryforthe
maintien
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposant
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotjust
la
the"measureofthings."
4.
La
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
objection
objectiontoit:
itis
ici
here,perhaps,thatournew
langue
languagesoundsmoststrangely.
The
question
questionis,howfaran
opinion
opinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
peut-être
perhapsspecies-rearing,andweare
fondamentalement
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsapriori
appartiennent
belong),arethemostindispensabletous,
que
thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sans
withoutacomparisonofreality
avec
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
et
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
monde
worldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
être
wouldbearenunciationof
vie
life,anegationoflife.
TO
Reconnaître
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Vie
LIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasof
valeur
valueinadangerousmanner,
et
andaphilosophywhichventuresto
faire
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceditself
au-delà
beyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
et
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
découverte
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—how
souvent
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakes
et
andlosetheirway,in
bref
short,howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonest
traiter
dealingwiththem,whereasthey
tous
allraisealoudand
vertueux
virtuousoutcrywhentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
même
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyall
posent
poseasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
et
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
une
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
et
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
fait
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
ou
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart's
désir
desireabstractedandrefined,isdefendedbythem
avec
withargumentssoughtoutafter
le
theevent.
Theyarealladvocateswho
ne
donotwishtoberegardedassuch,
généralement
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Très
VERYfarfromhavingthe
conscience
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
très
veryfarfromhavingthe
bon
goodtasteofthecouragewhich
va
goessofarasto
laisser
letthisbeunderstood,perhapsto
avertir
warnfriendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
et
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
vieux
oldKant,equallystiffand
décent
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
mènent
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
sourire
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementin
espionner
spyingoutthesubtletricksof
vieux
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Ou
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusin
mathématique
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhis
philosophie
philosophyinmailandmask—in
fait
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
traduire
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostrike
terreur
terroratonceintothe
cœur
heartoftheassailantwhoshould
oserait
daretocastaglanceonthat
invincible
invinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
et
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
un
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgradually
devenu
becomecleartomewhat
chaque
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,
la
theconfessionofitsoriginator,
et
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
et
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
que
thatthemoral(orimmoral)
but
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
véritable
truevitalgermoutofwhichthe
entière
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.
En effet
Indeed,tounderstandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofa
philosophe
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
toujours
alwayswell(andwise)tofirst
demander
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Par conséquent
Accordingly,Idonotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
père
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
autre
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonly
fait
madeuseofknowledge(andmistaken
connaissance
knowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwitha
vue
viewtodetermininghowfarthey
pu
mayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Ou
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
été
willfindthattheyhave
toutes
allpracticedphilosophyatone
moment
timeoranother,andthat
chacune
eachoneofthemwould
ont
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthe
ultime
ultimateendofexistenceandthe
légitime
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
chaque
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,
tente
attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sûr
sure,inthecaseofscholars,in
le
thecaseofreallyscientificmen,it
peut
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
peut
mayreallybesucha
chose
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
sorte
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
quand
whenwellwoundup,works
loin
awayindustriouslytothatend,
Sans
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
prenant
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
donc
therefore,aregenerallyinquite
autre
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
ou
orinmoney-making,orin
politique
politics;
itis,infact,
presque
almostindifferentatwhatpointof
recherche
researchhislittlemachineisplaced,
et
andwhetherthehopefulyoung
ouvrier
workerbecomesagoodphilologist,
un
amushroomspecialist,ora
chimiste
chemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
devenir
becomingthisorthat.
In
le
thephilosopher,onthecontrary,
il
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
et
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
un
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatisto
dire
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
nature
naturestandtoeachother.
7.
How
malveillants
maliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
connais
knowofnothingmorestingingthanthe
blague
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyof
faire
makingonPlatoandthePlatonists;
he
appelait
calledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
original
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,the
mot
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
et
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
dire
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
rien
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasa
populaire
popularnameforanactor).
Et
Andthelatterisreally
le
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewas
agacé
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseen
scène
scenestyleofwhichPlato
et
andhisscholarsweremasters—of
dont
whichEpicuruswasnota
maître
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
qui
whosatconcealedinhis
petit
littlegardenatAthens,and
écrit
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
et
andambitiousenvyofPlato,
qui
whoknows!
Greecetooka
cent
hundredyearstofindout
qui
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
un
apointineveryphilosophyatwhich
la
the"conviction"ofthephilosopher
apparaît
appearsonthescene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancient
mystère
mystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
désirez
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,what
fraude
fraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
abeinglikeNature,boundlessly
extravagant
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposeor
considération
consideration,withoutpityorjustice,at
fois
oncefruitfulandbarrenand
incertain
uncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
vivre
liveinaccordancewithsuch
indifférence
indifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthis
Nature
Nature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,
préférant
preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
différent
different?
Andgrantedthatyour
impératif
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
signifie
meansactuallythesameas"living
selon
accordingtolife"—howcouldyou
faire
doDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
faire
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
être
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,
cependant
however,itisquiteotherwise
avec
withyou:
whileyoupretendto
lire
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
loi
lawinNature,youwant
quelque chose
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
et
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
voulez
wishtodictateyourmorals
et
andidealstoNature,to
Nature
Natureherself,andtoincorporatethemtherein;
you
insistez
insistthatitshallbe
Nature
Nature"accordingtotheStoa,"
et
andwouldlikeeverythingtobe
fait
madeafteryourownimage,as
une
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Avec
Withallyourlovefor
vérité
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
longtemps
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
voir
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
dire
say,Stoically,thatyouarenolonger
capable
abletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
tout
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
que
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
sur
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
aussi
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
sur
over:
isnottheStoica
Partie
PARTofNature?...
Butthisis
une
anoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
avec
withtheStoicsstillhappens
aujourd'hui
today,assoonasevera
philosophie
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.
It
toujours
alwayscreatestheworldinitsown
image
image;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophie
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
plus
mostspiritualWilltoPower,the
volonté
willto"creationoftheworld,"the
volonté
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
et
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
dirais
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problème
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"is
traité
dealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
nourriture
foodforthoughtandattention;
et
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthe
arrière-plan
background,andnothingelse,cannot
certainement
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
et
andisolatedcases,itmay
vraiment
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
un
aWilltoTruth—acertain
extravagant
extravagantandadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionof
la
theforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
la
theendalwaysprefersa
poignée
handfulof"certainty"toa
tout
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
peut
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
conscience
conscience,whoprefertoputtheir
dernière
lasttrustinasure
rien
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
quelque chose
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
et
andthesignofadespairing,mortallywearied
âme
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsucha
vertu
virtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
cependant
however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
et
andlivelierthinkerswhoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
et
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrank
la
thecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutas
bas
lowasthecredibilityof
la
theocularevidencethat"the
terre
earthstandsstill,"andthus,
apparemment
apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurest
possession
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
croyons
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sait
knowsiftheyarenot
vraiment
reallytryingtowinback
quelque chose
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurer
possession
possession,somethingoftheolddomainof
la
thefaithofformertimes,
peut-être
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
vieux
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
vivre
livebetter,thatistosay,
plus
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
ces
thesemodernideasinthis
mode
modeoflookingatthings,
une
adisbeliefinallthathasbeen
construit
constructedyesterdayandtoday;
thereis
peut-être
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
et
andscorn,whichcannolonger
supporter
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
plus
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
jeté
throwsonthemarket;
a
dégoût
disgustofthemorerefined
goût
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
et
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
il
thereisnothingeithernew
ou
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
semble
seemstomethatwe
devrions
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
et
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
their
instinct
instinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Moderne
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-paths
concernent
concernus!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
souhaitent
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
souhaitent
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,
courage
courage,andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
retour
back!
11.
Itseemstome
que
thatthereiseverywherean
tentative
attemptatpresenttodivertattentionfrom
la
theactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGerman
philosophie
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudently
la
thevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirst
et
andforemostproudofhis
Table
TableofCategories;
withitinhis
main
handhesaid:
"Thisis
la
themostdifficultthingthat
pu
couldeverbeundertakenon
nom
behalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonly
comprenons
understandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
fier
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanew
faculté
facultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
jugement
judgmentapriori.
Grantingthathe
trompé
deceivedhimselfinthismatter;
the
développement
developmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
philosophie
philosophydependedneverthelessonhis
orgueil
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofthe
jeune
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
possible
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
dont
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletus
réfléchissons
reflectforamoment—itishigh
temps
timetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
demande
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
réponse
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
malheureusement
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,
mais
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,and
avec
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
et
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
perd
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
tel
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelight
sur
overthisnewfaculty,andthejubilation
atteint
reacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurther
découvert
discoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestill
morale
moral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
vint
camethehoneymoonofGerman
philosophie
philosophy.
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwent
immédiatement
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Et
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
que
thatinnocent,rich,andstill
jeune
youthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,to
laquelle
whichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
et
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
entre
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
tout
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intellectuelle
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratified
les
themostearnestlongingsof
les
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
peut
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeof
ce
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
déguisait
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
et
andsenileconceptions),thanto
prendre
takeitseriously,oreven
traiter
treatitwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
monde
worldgrewolder,andthe
rêve
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
gens
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillrubthem
aujourd'hui
today.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
et
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
ou
oratleastmeantto
dire
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Une
Anexplanation?
Orisitnot
plutôt
rathermerelyarepetitionof
la
thequestion?
Howdoesopiuminduce
sommeil
sleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
à savoir
namelythevirtusdormitiva,replies
le
thedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchreplies
appartiennent
belongtotherealmof
comédie
comedy,anditishigh
temps
timetoreplacetheKantian
question
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
autre
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
temps
timethatweshouldunderstand
que
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthe
préservation
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;
thoughthey
toujours
stillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Ou
Or,moreplainlyspoken,and
grossièrement
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
devraient
shouldnot"bepossible"at
tout
all;
wehavenorightto
eux
them;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Seule
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheir
vérité
truthisnecessary,asplausible
croyance
beliefandocularevidencebelongingto
la
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Et
Andfinally,tocalltomind
la
theenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
comprenez
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughout
la
thewholeofEurope,thereis
aucun
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGerman
philosophie
philosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,the
vertueux
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
et
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
toutes
allnations,tofindan
antidote
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualism
qui
whichoverflowedfromthelast
siècle
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...