×

Select Store

Dowload from Google Play Dowload from the App Store

Scan with Camera

Dowload via QR Code
Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for French A1 Students

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for French A1 Students

Unlock the potential of this modern translation approach, designed to enhance your language learning experience. By allowing you to choose your difficulty level, it guarantees a personalized challenge that's suited to your progress. This method promotes comprehension by encouraging you to infer the meaning of new words from context, rather than relying heavily on direct translations. Though some translations are obscured to stimulate guessing, it's perfectly fine to consult a dictionary when needed. This technique combines challenge and support, making language learning fun and effective. Explore these translated classics to enjoy literature while advancing your language skills.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
une
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
tous
allphilosophers,insofarasthey
ont
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
comprendre
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
et
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
ont
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Vérité
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
gagner
winningawoman?
Certainlyshehas
jamais
neverallowedherselftobe
gagner
won;
andatpresenteverykindofdogma
tiennent
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,it
tiennent
standsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithas
tombé
fallen,thatalldogmalieson
le
theground—naymore,thatitisatits
dernier
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,therearegoodgroundsforhoping
que
thatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
et
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
pu
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
et
andtyronism;
andprobablythetimeisat
main
handwhenitwillbeonce
et
andagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
et
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
ont
havehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
temps
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,
qui
which,intheformofsubject-
et
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceased
faire
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
ou
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
très
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
La
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlya
promesse
promiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,in
la
theserviceofwhichprobably
plus
morelabour,gold,acuteness,andpatience
ont
havebeenspentthanon
toute
anyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
et
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
et
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
cœur
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
toutes
allgreatthingshavefirsttowander
sur
abouttheearthasenormous
et
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeen
une
acaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
et
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
doive
mustcertainlybeconfessedthat
la
theworst,themosttiresome,
et
andthemostdangerousoferrorshitherto
doive
hasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
et
andtheGoodinItself.
Mais
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
peut
canagaindrawbreathfreely
et
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
nous
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrength
dont
whichthestruggleagainstthiserror
devoir
hasfostered.
Itamountedto
la
theveryinversionoftruth,
et
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
vie
life,tospeakofSpirit
et
andtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;
indeedone
pourrait
mightask,asaphysician:
"Howdidsuch
une
amaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
vraiment
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocrates
après
afterallacorrupterofyouths,
et
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
contre
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
et
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
contre
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Pour
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
une
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
avec
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
peut
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
un
amatteroffact,theEuropean
ressent
feelsthistensionasastateofdistress,
et
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
et
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
avec
withtheaidoflibertyof
la
thepressandnewspaper-reading,might,in
fait
fact,bringitaboutthat
la
thespiritwouldnotsoeasily
retrouve
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
leur
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Mais
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
même
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
et
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstill,all
la
thedistressofspiritandall
la
thetensionofitsbow!
Et
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
et
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Volonté
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
beaucoup
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
tous
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
avec
withrespect,whatquestionshas
cette
thisWilltoTruthnotlaid
devant
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
déjà
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
perdre
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?
Que
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
poser
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythat
pose
putsquestionstoushere?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nous
us?
Infactwemadealonghaltat
la
thequestionastotheoriginof
ce
thisWill—untilatlastwe
arrivions
cametoanabsolutestandstill
devant
beforeayetmorefundamental
question
question.
WeinquiredabouttheVALUEof
ce
thisWill.
Grantedthatwe
voulions
wantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Et
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problème
problemofthevalueof
vérité
truthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
qui
whopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problème
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
ici
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobe
un
arendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
Et
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitatlastseemstousas
si
iftheproblemhadneverbeenpropoundedbefore,as
si
ifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
et
andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,
peut-être
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Pourrait
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
vérité
truthoutoferror?
or
la
theWilltoTruthoutof
la
thewilltodeception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
ou
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
la
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
rêve
dreamsofitisafool,nay,worsethan
un
afool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
doivent
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
monde
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
et
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Mais
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Dieu
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
et
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansof
tous
alltimescanberecognized,
ce
thismodeofvaluationisatthebackof
tous
alltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
cette
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
quelque chose
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
jamais
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
ici
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
plus
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhad
fait
madeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
peut
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
et
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
et
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
ont
havesettheirseal,arenot
peut-être
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
probablement
probablymadefromsomecorner,
peut-être
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
une
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteofall
la
thevaluewhichmaybelongto
la
thetrue,thepositive,and
la
theunselfish,itmightbe
possible
possiblethatahigherand
plus
morefundamentalvalueforlifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,to
la
thewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
et
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
possible
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegood
et
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
et
andcrochetedtotheseevil
et
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidenticalwiththem.
Peut-être
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
For
qui
thatinvestigationonemustawait
les
theadventofanew
ordre
orderofphilosophers,suchas
être
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,
les
thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersof
les
thedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseof
les
theterm.
Andtospeakin
tout
allseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkept
un
asharpeyeonphilosophers,
et
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
longtemps
longenough,Inowsaytomyself
que
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinking
doit
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
et
anditissoeveninthe
cas
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
ici
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
sur
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
peu
littleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationin
la
thewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justas
peu
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
la
theinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
la
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
et
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Et
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
ou
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeof
vie
lifeForexample,thatthecertainisworth
plus
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nous
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchas
peuvent
maybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
que
thatmanisnotjust
la
the"measureofthings."
4.
La
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectionto
elle
it:
itishere,perhaps,
que
thatournewlanguagesounds
plus
moststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
peut-être
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintain
que
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
plus
mostindispensabletous,that
sans
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
sans
withoutacomparisonofreality
avec
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
et
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
monde
worldbymeansofnumbers,mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
être
wouldbearenunciationof
vie
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
Une
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
une
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventuresto
faire
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyond
bien
goodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
et
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
et
andeasilytheymakemistakes
et
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
et
andchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotenoughhonest
traiter
dealingwiththem,whereasthey
tous
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
quand
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
même
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
Theyallposeas
si
thoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
et
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
une
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
et
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
fait
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
ou
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
et
andrefined,isdefendedbythem
avec
withargumentssoughtoutafter
le
theevent.
Theyarealladvocateswho
ne
donotwishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
aussi
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Très
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
cela
thistoitself,veryfarfromhavingthe
bon
goodtasteofthecouragewhich
va
goessofarasto
laisser
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarnfriend
ou
orfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
et
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
vieux
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
avec
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
trouvons
findnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
vieux
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Ou
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
et
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
et
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
cœur
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocast
un
aglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
et
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeof
un
asicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgradually
devenu
becomecleartomewhat
chaque
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,
la
theconfessionofitsoriginator,
et
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
et
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
que
thatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
chaque
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
véritable
truevitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthas
toujours
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
comment
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
toujours
alwayswell(andwise)tofirst
demander
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,I
ne
donotbelievethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
père
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
autre
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,hasonly
fait
madeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
un
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermininghowfarthey
pu
mayhavehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Ou
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
été
willfindthattheyhave
toutes
allpracticedphilosophyatone
moment
timeoranother,andthat
chacune
eachoneofthemwould
ont
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimate
fin
endofexistenceandthelegitimate
Seigneur
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
For
chaque
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sûr
sure,inthecaseofscholars,in
le
thecaseofreallyscientificmen,it
peut
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
peut
mayreallybesucha
chose
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
sorte
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
quand
whenwellwoundup,works
loin
awayindustriouslytothatend,
Sans
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
prenant
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyinquite
autre
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,
ou
orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
est
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhat
point
pointofresearchhislittlemachineisplaced,
et
andwhetherthehopefulyoungworker
devient
becomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
ou
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
devenir
becomingthisorthat.
In
le
thephilosopher,onthecontrary,
il
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
et
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
un
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyastoWHOHEIS,—thatisto
dire
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
tiennent
standtoeachother.
7.
Howmaliciousphilosophers
peuvent
canbe!
Iknowof
rien
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurus
pris
tookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
et
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
et
andonthefaceofit,the
mot
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
et
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
dire
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
rien
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
nom
nameforanactor).
And
le
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleof
dont
whichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
dont
whichEpicuruswasnota
maître
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
qui
whosatconcealedinhis
petit
littlegardenatAthens,and
écrit
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
et
andambitiousenvyofPlato,
qui
whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
qui
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
un
apointineveryphilosophyatwhich
la
the"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearson
la
thescene;
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Vivre
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
un
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
sans
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpityorjustice,at
fois
oncefruitfulandbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
vivre
liveinaccordancewithsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthatjustendeavouringtobeotherwisethanthisNature?
Isnot
vit
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
différent
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
signifie
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
pourriez
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
devriez
shouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselves
être
are,andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
tout à fait
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendto
lire
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
loi
lawinNature,youwant
quelque chose
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
et
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
voulez
wishtodictateyourmorals
et
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
et
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingto
la
theStoa,"andwouldlike
tout
everythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,as
une
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Avec
Withallyourlovefor
vérité
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
longtemps
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
voir
seeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
dire
say,Stoically,thatyouarenolonger
capable
abletoseeitotherwise—andtocrown
tout
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
que
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
sur
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
aussi
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
sur
over:
isnottheStoica
Partie
PARTofNature?...
Butthisis
une
anoldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimes
avec
withtheStoicsstillhappens
aujourd'hui
today,assoonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
croire
believeinitself.
Italwayscreates
le
theworldinitsownimage;
itcannot
faire
dootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
plus
mostspiritualWilltoPower,the
volonté
willto"creationoftheworld,"the
volonté
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
et
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
dirais
saycraftiness,withwhichthe
problème
problemof"therealandtheapparentworld"is
traité
dealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
nourriture
foodforthoughtandattention;
et
andhewhohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
et
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
et
andisolatedcases,itmay
vraiment
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
un
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
et
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionof
la
theforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
la
theendalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toa
tout
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
peut
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
qui
whoprefertoputtheir
dernière
lasttrustinasure
rien
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
quelque chose
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
et
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstanding
le
thecourageousbearingsuchavirtue
peut
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
avec
withstrongerandlivelierthinkers
qui
whoarestilleagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
et
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrank
la
thecredibilityoftheirownbodiesaboutaslowas
la
thecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"the
terre
earthstandsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowing
avec
withcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
croyons
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
sait
knowsiftheyarenot
vraiment
reallytryingtowinback
quelque chose
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
quelque chose
somethingoftheolddomainof
la
thefaithofformertimes,
peut-être
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
vieux
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
vivre
livebetter,thatistosay,
plus
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
ces
thesemodernideasinthismodeof
regarder
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
tout
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
et
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
et
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthe
plus
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
un
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteat
la
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessof
tous
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
il
thereisnothingeithernew
ou
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
que
thatweshouldagreewith
ces
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
theirinstinct,
qui
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nous
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
souhaitent
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
souhaitent
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
Un
AlittleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
et
andartisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnot
retour
back!
11.
Itseemstome
que
thatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfrom
la
theactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
et
andespeciallytoignoreprudently
la
thevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwasfirst
et
andforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
avec
withitinhishandhe
dit
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
chose
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letusonly
comprenons
understandthis"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVERED
une
anewfacultyinman,
la
thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
une
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
cette
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
et
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
si
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
dont
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectfor
un
amoment—itishightimeto
faire
doso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
demande
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
réponse
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
cinq
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
et
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
et
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
perd
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
tel
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelight
sur
overthisnewfaculty,andthejubilationreacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurtherdiscovered
une
amoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
Then
vint
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Tous
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Et
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—in
que
thatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,to
laquelle
whichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
et
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
entre
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Above
tout
allafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
et
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsof
les
thenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
peut
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeof
ce
thisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
et
andsenileconceptions),thanto
prendre
takeitseriously,oreventreatit
avec
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
monde
worldgrewolder,andthe
rêve
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
gens
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystillrubthem
aujourd'hui
today.
Peoplehadbeendreaming,
et
andfirstandforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
ou
oratleastmeantto
dire
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Une
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
une
arepetitionofthequestion?
Comment
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
un
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,replies
le
thedoctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
et
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantian
question
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
autre
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
temps
timethatweshouldunderstand
que
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
comme
likeourselves;
thoughtheystill
puissent
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Ou
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
et
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
devraient
shouldnot"bepossible"at
tout
all;
wehavenorightto
eux
them;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Seule
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheir
vérité
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
et
andocularevidencebelongingto
la
theperspectiveviewoflife.
Et
Andfinally,tocalltomind
la
theenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
comprenez
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughout
la
thewholeofEurope,thereis
aucun
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
et
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
toutes
allnations,tofindanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualism
qui
whichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyinto
ce
this,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...