CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
In
le
theyear1878ItookmydegreeofDocteur
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,et
andproceededtoNetleytogothroughle
thecourseprescribedforsurgeonsinle
thearmy.Havingcompletedmystudies
là-bas
there,IwasdulyattachedtotheFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthetime,
et
andbeforeIcouldjoinit,thedeuxième
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,I
appris
learnedthatmycorpshadadvancedtravers
throughthepasses,andwasdéjà
alreadydeepintheenemy’spays
country.Ifollowed,however,with
beaucoup
manyotherofficerswhowereinla
thesamesituationasmyself,et
andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,où
whereIfoundmyregiment,et
andatonceentereduponmynewduties.La
Thecampaignbroughthonoursandpromotiontobeaucoup
many,butformeithadnothingmais
butmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
et
andattachedtotheBerkshires,avec
withwhomIservedatla
thefatalbattleofMaiwand.ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderby
une
aJezailbullet,whichshatteredtheboneet
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.Ishould
eu
havefallenintothehandsofthemurderousGhaziseu
haditnotbeenforthedevotionet
andcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,qui
whothrewmeacrossapack-horse,et
andsucceededinbringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Worn
avec
withpain,andweakfromtheprolongedhardshipswhichIhadundergone,Iwasremoved,avec
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tothebasehospitalatPeshawar.Ici
HereIrallied,andhaddéjà
alreadyimprovedsofarastobemesure
abletowalkaboutthewards,et
andeventobaskapeu
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
vie
lifewasdespairedof,andquand
whenatlastIcametomyselfet
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweaket
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedthatnotun
adayshouldbelostinsendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
et
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,avec
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,mais
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthenextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.IhadneitherkithnorkininEngland,
et
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—oraslibre
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingset
andsixpenceadaywillpermitahomme
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,that
grand
greatcesspoolintowhichallles
theloungersandidlersofles
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.ThereIstayedforsome
temps
timeataprivatehotelinle
theStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,et
andspendingsuchmoneyasIdevrais
had,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarmingdid
la
thestateofmyfinancesdevint
become,thatIsoonrealizedque
thatImusteitherleavela
themetropolisandrusticatesomewhereinla
thecountry,orthatIdevais
mustmakeacompletealterationinmystyleofliving.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganbymakingupmymindto
quitter
leavethehotel,andtotakeupmyquartersinsomelesspretentiouset
andlessexpensivedomicile.On
le
theverydaythatIhadcometocette
thisconclusion,Iwasstandingatle
theCriterionBar,whensomeonetappedmeonle
theshoulder,andturningroundIrecognizedjeune
youngStamford,whohadbeenadressersous
undermeatBarts.Thesightofafriendly
visage
faceinthegreatwildernessofLondonisapleasantchose
thingindeedtoalonelyhomme
man.InolddaysStamfordhad
jamais
neverbeenaparticularcronyofmine,mais
butnowIhailedhimavec
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhistour
turn,appearedtobedelightedtovoir
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,I
demandé
askedhimtolunchwithmeattheHolborn,et
andwestartedofftogetherinun
ahansom.“Whateverhaveyoubeen
fait
doingwithyourself,Watson?”he
demandé
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattledthroughles
thecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
une
alathandasbrownasune
anut.”Igavehim
un
ashortsketchofmyadventures,et
andhadhardlyconcludeditbythemoment
timethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
dit
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadlistenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”I
répondis
answered.“Tryingtosolvethe
problème
problemastowhetheritispossible
possibletogetcomfortableroomsatun
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youare
le
thesecondmanto-daythathasusedthatexpressiontome.”“And
qui
whowasthefirst?”I
demandé
asked.“Afellowwhois
travaille
workingatthechemicallaboratoryupatthehospital.Hewasbemoaninghimself
ce
thismorningbecausehecouldnotgetquelqu'un
someonetogohalveswithhiminquelques
someniceroomswhichhehadtrouver
found,andwhichweretoomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
vraiment
reallywantssomeonetoshareles
theroomsandtheexpense,Iamles
theverymanforhim.Ishouldprefer
avoir
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Jeune
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeoverhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
connaissez
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hedit
said;“perhapsyouwouldnot
soucieriez
careforhimasaconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatisthere
contre
againsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
dit
saytherewasanythingagainstlui
him.Heisalittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastin
certaines
somebranchesofscience.AsfarasI
sache
knowheisadecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
dit
saidI.“No—Ihaveno
idée
ideawhatheintendstogoinfor.I
crois
believeheiswellupinanatomy,et
andheisafirst-classchemist;mais
but,asfarasIsache
know,hehasnevertakenoutanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesare
très
verydesultoryandeccentric,buthehasamassedabeaucoup
lotofout-of-thewayknowledgequi
whichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
jamais
neveraskhimwhathewasgoinginfor?”I
demandé
asked.“No;
heisnot
un
amanthatitisfacile
easytodrawout,thoughhepuisse
canbecommunicativeenoughwhenthefancyseizeshim.”“Ishouldliketomeethim,”I
dit
said.“IfIamtolodge
avec
withanyone,Ishouldpreferun
amanofstudiousandquiethabits.Iamnotstrongenoughyetto
supporter
standmuchnoiseorexcitement.IhadenoughofbothinAfghanistantolastmefor
le
theremainderofmynaturalexistence.Comment
HowcouldImeetthisami
friendofyours?”“Heis
sûr
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“Heeitheravoidstheplaceforweeks,
ou
orelseheworkstherefrommatin
morningtonight.Ifyoulike,weshalldriveround
ensemble
togetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”I
répondu
answered,andtheconversationdriftedawayintootherchannels.Aswemadeourwayto
le
thehospitalafterleavingtheHolborn,Stamforddonné
gavemeafewmoreparticularssur
aboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtoprendre
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
si
ifyoudon’tgetonavec
withhim,”hesaid;“I
sais
knownothingmoreofhimthanIhavelearnedfromrencontrant
meetinghimoccasionallyinthelaboratory.Youproposed
cet
thisarrangement,soyoumustnottenir
holdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’tgetonit
sera
willbeeasytopartcompany,”Irépondu
answered.“Itseemstome,Stamford,”Iadded,
regardant
lookinghardatmycompanion,“thatyouhavesomereasonforwashingyourhandsofles
thematter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
ou
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthedaboutit.”
“Itisnot
facile
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”herépondu
answeredwithalaugh.“Holmesis
un
alittletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
pourrais
couldimaginehisgivingaami
friendalittlepinchofthelatestvegetablealkaloid,notoutofmalevolence,youcomprenez
understand,butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertohaveanaccurateidée
ideaoftheeffects.Todohimjustice,I
pense
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfavec
withthesamereadiness.Heappearsto
avoir
haveapassionfordefiniteet
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
mais
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Quand
Whenitcomestobeatingles
thesubjectsinthedissecting-roomsavec
withastick,itiscertainlyprend
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beating
les
thesubjects!”“Yes,toverifyhowfarbruises
peuvent
maybeproducedafterdeath.I
vu
sawhimatitwithmyowneyes.”“And
pourtant
yetyousayheisnotamedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
sait
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiessont
are.Buthereweare,
et
andyoumustformyourownimpressionssur
abouthim.”Ashespoke,we
tournâmes
turneddownanarrowlaneet
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,qui
whichopenedintoawingofthegrand
greathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
moi
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircaseet
andmadeourwaydownthelong
longcorridorwithitsvistaofwhitewashedwallet
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
extrémité
endalowarchedpassagebranchedawayfromitet
andledtothechemicallaboratory.Thiswas
une
aloftychamber,linedandlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescatteredabout,
qui
whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,et
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Il
Therewasonlyonestudentinla
theroom,whowasbendingsur
overadistanttableabsorbedinhistravail
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
et
andsprangtohisfeetavec
withacryofpleasure.“I’ve
trouvé
foundit!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,
courant
runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhismain
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
qui
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,et
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
une
agoldmine,greaterdelightpu
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”saidStamford,introducing
nous
us.“Howareyou?”
he
dit
saidcordially,grippingmyhandavec
withastrengthforwhichIdû
shouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit.“YouhavebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”
“Howonearthdidyou
sais
knowthat?”Iaskedinastonishment.
“Nevermind,”
dit
saidhe,chucklingtohimself.“The
question
questionnowisabouthæmoglobin.Aucun
Nodoubtyouseethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,
aucun
nodoubt,”Ianswered,“butpractically——”.“Why,man,itis
la
themostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
voyez
seethatitgivesusun
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Viens
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmeby
la
thecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,et
anddrewmeovertola
thetableatwhichhehadbeentravaillé
working.“Letushavesomefreshblood,”he
dit
said,diggingalongbodkinintohisfinger,et
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofsang
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
cette
thissmallquantityofbloodtoun
alitreofwater.Youperceivethat
le
theresultingmixturehastheappearanceofpurewater.La
Theproportionofbloodcannotbemorethanoneinamillion
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,
que
thatweshallbeabletoobtainla
thecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
parlait
spoke,hethrewintothevesselafewwhitecrystals,andthenaddedsomedropsofatransparentfluid.Inaninstant
le
thecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,et
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtole
thebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
et
andlookingasdelightedasun
achildwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyou
pensez
thinkofthat?”“Itseemstobe
un
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
magnifique
beautiful!TheoldGuiacumtestwas
très
veryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthemicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.
Les
Thelatterisvaluelessifles
thestainsareafewhoursold.Maintenant
Now,thisappearstoactasbien
wellwhetherthebloodisvieux
oldornew.Hadthistestbeeninvented,therearehundredsofmennowwalking
la
theearthwhowouldlongagohavepayé
paidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhinginguponthatone
point
point.Amanissuspectedof
un
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithasbeencommitted.Hislinen
ou
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponeux
them.Aretheybloodstains,
ou
ormudstains,orruststains,ou
orfruitstains,orwhatarethey?Thatisa
question
questionwhichhaspuzzledmanyanexpert,et
andwhy?Becausetherewas
pas
noreliabletest.Nowwehave
le
theSherlockHolmes’test,andil
therewillnolongerbeanydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashe
parlait
spoke,andheputhismain
handoverhisheartandbowedassi
iftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewas
le
thecaseofVonBischoffatFrankfortdernière
lastyear.Hewouldcertainlyhavebeen
pendu
hunghadthistestbeeninexistence.ThentherewasMasonofBradford,
et
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,et
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
pourrais
couldnameascoreofcasesinwhichitété
wouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobeawalkingcalendarofcrime,”
dit
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
pourriez
mightstartapaperonces
thoselines.Callitthe‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.
“Veryinteresting
lecture
readingitmightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickingun
asmallpieceofplasteroverla
theprickonhisfinger.“I
dois
havetobecareful,”hecontinued,tournant
turningtomewithasmile,“forIdabbleavec
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheldouthis
main
handashespoke,andInoticedthatitwastout
allmottledoverwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,et
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“We
venus
camehereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sittingdownonahaut
highthree-leggedstool,andpushingautre
anotheroneinmydirectionavec
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
ici
herewantstotakediggings,et
andasyouwerecomplainingthatyoupouviez
couldgetnoonetoaller
gohalveswithyou,Ipensé
thoughtthatIhadbetterbringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedattheideaofsharinghisrooms
avec
withme.“IhavemyeyeonasuiteinBakerStreet,”he
dit
said,“whichwouldsuitusdowntotheground.Youdon’t
dérange
mindthesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“I
toujours
alwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Irépondu
answered.“That’sgoodenough.
Igenerallyhavechemicalsabout,
et
andoccasionallydoexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“By
pas
nomeans.”“Letmesee—whataremy
autres
othershortcomings.Igetin
la
thedumpsattimes,anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.You
devez
mustnotthinkIamsulkyquand
whenIdothat.Justletme
tranquille
alone,andI’llsoonberight.Whathaveyoutoconfess
maintenant
now?It’sjustaswellfor
deux
twofellowstoknowtheworstofoneanotheravant
beforetheybegintolivetogether.”Ilaughedat
ce
thiscross-examination.“Ikeepabullpup,”I
dis
said,“andIobjecttorowsparce que
becausemynervesareshaken,et
andIgetupattoutes
allsortsofungodlyhours,et
andIamextremelylazy.Ihave
autre
anothersetofviceswhenI’mbien
well,butthosearetheprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
demandé
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”I
répondu
answered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatfor
les
thegods—abadly-playedone——”.“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
avec
withamerrylaugh.“I
pense
thinkwemayconsiderthechose
thingassettled—thatis,iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
verrons
seethem?”“Callforme
ici
hereatnoonto-morrow,andwe’llirons
gotogetherandsettleeverything,”herépondu
answered.“Allright—noonexactly,”said
Je
I,shakinghishand.We
laissé
lefthimworkingamonghischemicals,et
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
demandé
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucedidhesavait
knowthatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiledanenigmaticalsmile.
“That’s
juste
justhislittlepeculiarity,”hedit
said.“Agoodmanypeople
ont
havewantedtoknowhowhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
un
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
très
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyouforbringingustogether.
‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
devez
muststudyhim,then,”Stamfordsaid,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
trouverez
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhe
apprend
learnsmoreaboutyouthanyousur
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.
La
THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.