PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundfor
epäillä
suspectingthatallphilosophers,insopitkälle
farastheyhavebeendogmatists,ovat
havefailedtounderstandwomen—thattheterriblevakavuus
seriousnessandclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyovat
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,ovat
havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforwinninganaisen
woman?Certainlyshehasnever
antanut
allowedherselftobewon;andatpresenteverykindofdogma
seisoo
standswithsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,todellakin
indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescoffers
jotka
whomaintainthatithasfallen,että
thatalldogmaliesontheground—naymore,että
thatitisatitslastgasp.Mutta
Buttospeakseriously,therearehyviä
goodgroundsforhopingthatkaikki
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,tahansa
whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,mayhavebeenvain
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;and
luultavasti
probablythetimeisathandwhenitwillbekerran
onceandagainunderstoodWHAThasactuallyriittänyt
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingandabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:ehkäpä
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,joka
which,intheformofsubject-ja
andego-superstition,hasnotyetlakannut
ceaseddoingmischief):perhapssome
pelaavat
playuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,tai
oranaudaciousgeneralizationofhyvin
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filosofia
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasvain
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsmyöhemmin
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceofwhichluultavasti
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,andkärsivällisyyttä
patiencehavebeenspentthanonanyactualsciencehitherto:we
velkaa
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaandEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.It
näyttää
seemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesupontheheartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,allgreatthingshaveensin
firsttowanderabouttheearthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
filosofia
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureofthiskind—forinstance,theVedantaoppi
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
on
mustcertainlybeconfessedthatthepahin
worst,themosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'skeksintö
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Mutta
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,kun
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,voi
canagaindrawbreathfreelyandatainakin
leastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,Joiden
WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthwhichthekamppailu
struggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—of
elämän
life,tospeakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofthem;itse asiassa
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:"Howdid
tällainen
suchamaladyattackthatfinesttuotteen
productofantiquity,Plato?Hadthe
paha
wickedSocratesreallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,and
ansaitsi
deservedhishemlock?"Butthe
taistelu
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,andforthe"people"—thetaistelu
struggleagainsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
voi
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
itse asiassa
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthistensionasastateofdistress,andkahdesti
twiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthejousi
bow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepressandnewspaper-reading,
voisi
might,infact,bringitaboutettä
thatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermans
keksivät
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!mutta
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theykeksivät
inventedprinting.)Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
edes
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,andfree,Hyvin
VERYfreespirits—wehaveityhä
still,allthedistressofhengen
spiritandallthetensionofitsbow!Ja
Andperhapsalsothearrow,thevelvollisuus
duty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTO
Tavoitteena
AIMAT....CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Tahto
WilltoTruth,whichistohoukuttelee
temptustomanyahazardousenterprise,thekuuluisa
famousTruthfulnessofwhichallphilosophersovat
havehithertospokenwithrespect,whatquestionshastämä
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforemeidät
us!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
jo
alreadyalongstory;yetit
näyttää
seemsasifitweretuskin
hardlycommenced.Isitanywonder
jos
ifweatlastgrowdistrustful,menetämme
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyaway?ThatthisSphinx
opettaa
teachesusatlasttokysymään
askquestionsourselves?WHOisit
todella
reallythatputsquestionstoustäällä
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"inus?
In
itse asiassa
factwemadealonghaltatthequestionastotheoriginoftämän
thisWill—untilatlastwetulimme
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.Weinquiredaboutthe
Arvo
VALUEofthisWill.Grantedthatwe
haluamme
wantthetruth:WHYNOT
Mieluummin
RATHERuntruth?Anduncertainty?
Even
tietämättömyys
ignorance?Theproblemofthe
arvon
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwejotka
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheongelma
problem?WhichofusistheOedipus
täällä
here?WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
näyttää
seemtobearendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.Andcoulditbe
uskoa
believedthatitatlastnäyttää
seemstousasiftheproblemhadkoskaan
neverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereisriskinraising
sen
it,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.2.
"HOW
Voisi
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?Forexample,
totuus
truthoutoferror?orthe
Tahto
WilltoTruthoutofthetahto
willtodeception?orthe
antelias
generousdeedoutofselfishness?tai
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemiehen
manoutofcovetousness?Suchgenesisis
mahdotonta
impossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,
pahempi
worsethanafool;thingsofthehighest
arvon
valuemusthaveadifferentalkuperä
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—inthistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryworld,inthisturmoilofdelusionandcupidity,theycannotolla
havetheirsource.ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGod,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
lähde
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningpaljastaa
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimesvoidaan
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;kautta
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forsomethingthatisintheendjuhlallisesti
solemnlychristened"theTruth."Thefundamental
uskomus
beliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEUskomus
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.It
koskaan
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtoepäillyt
doubthereontheverythresholdJossa
(wheredoubt,however,wasmostnecessary);thoughthey
olivat
hadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Forit
voidaan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesolemassa
existatall;andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesof
arvon
valueuponwhichmetaphysicianshaveovat asettaneet
settheirseal,arenotehkä
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingluultavasti
probablymadefromsomecorner,ehkä
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,tolainata
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.In
huolimatta
spiteofallthevaluejoka
whichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,andtheunselfish,itmightbemahdollista
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalarvo
valueforlifegenerallyshouldbeannetaan
assignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.It
voisi
mightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthearvon
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseevilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapsjopa
eveninbeingessentiallyidenticalkanssa
withthem.Perhaps!
Butwho
haluaa
wishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationonemust
odottaa
awaittheadventofaneworderofphilosophers,suchaswillhavemuut
othertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthevaarallinen
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.Ja
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Inäen
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoilmestyä
appear.3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,andhaving
lukenut
readbetweentheirlineslongenough,Inyt
nowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterosa
partofconsciousthinkingmustbelaskettava
countedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,anditissojopa
eveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;one
on
hasheretolearnanew,asoneopittava
learnedanewaboutheredityand"innateness."Aslittleasthe
teko
actofbirthcomesintohuomioon
considerationinthewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,justaslittleis"being-conscious"Vastustaa
OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivemielessä
sense;thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
salaa
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,andpakotettu
forcedintodefinitechannels.Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
tai
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,että
thatthecertainisworthmorethantheepävarma
uncertain,thatillusionislessarvokas
valuablethan"truth"suchvaluations,inhuolimatta
spiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforUS,saattavat
mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchassaattavat
maybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Oletetaan
Supposing,ineffect,thatmanisnotvain
justthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusany
vastalause
objectiontoit:itis
tässä
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundskaikkein
moststrangely.Thequestionis,
kuinka
howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,kenties
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearepohjimmiltaan
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsa
aprioribelong),arethemostindispensabletomeille
us,thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,ilman
withoutacomparisonofrealitykanssa
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteandimmutable,ilman
withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthemaailman
worldbymeansofnumbers,manvoisi
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbea
arenunciationoflife,anegationofelämän
life.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOF
Elämän
LIFE;thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerousmanner,anda
filosofia
philosophywhichventurestodoso,on
hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondhyvän
goodandevil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
kuinka
howinnocenttheyare—howoftenandeasilytheytekevät
makemistakesandlosetheirway,inshort,kuinka
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butettä
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheykaikki
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcrykun
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessisedes
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.They
kaikki
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscoveredandattainedkautta
throughtheself-evolvingofacold,puhtaan
pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttokaikki
allsortsofmystics,who,fairerandfoolisher,puhuvat
talkof"inspiration"),whereas,initse asiassa
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,tai
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedandrefined,ispuolustavat
defendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.Theyare
kaikki
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedassuch,yleensä
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andHyvin
VERYfarfromhavingtheomatunto
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,hyvin
veryfarfromhavingthehyvä
goodtasteofthecouragewhichmenee
goessofarastoletthisbeymmärretään
understood,perhapstowarnfriendtai
orfoe,orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
yhtä
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatjohtavat
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousoneshymyilemään
smile,wewhofindnosmallamusementinvakoilemasta
spyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.Tai
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalmuodossa
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozaon
has,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmailandmask—initse asiassa
fact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"tokääntämällä
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytoisketään
striketerroratonceintotheheartoftheassailantwhoon
shoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howpaljon
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoestämä
thismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!6.
It
on
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhatjokainen
everygreatphilosophyuptillnowon
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofinvoluntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreover
että
thatthemoral(orimmoral)tarkoitus
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetodellinen
truevitalgermoutofwhichtheentirekasvi
planthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,to
ymmärtäisimme
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisaina
alwayswell(andwise)toensin
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
usko
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"istheisä
fatherofphilosophy;butthat
toinen
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,on
hasonlymadeuseoftietoa
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)asan
väline
instrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofmanwitha
tarkastelee
viewtodetermininghowfartheymayovat
havehereactedasINSPIRINGGENII(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindettä
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatonetimeoranother,andettä
thateachoneofthemwouldovat
havebeenonlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistenceandthelegitimateLORDoverkaikki
alltheotherimpulses.For
jokainen
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,yrittää
attemptstophilosophize.Tobesure,inthe
tapauksessa
caseofscholars,inthetapauksessa
caseofreallyscientificmen,itvoi
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;therethere
voi
mayreallybesuchaasia
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somesellainen
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,joka
which,whenwellwoundup,työskentelee
worksawayindustriouslytothatend,Ilman
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialparttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,
siis
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,ehkä
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;it
on
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhispieni
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesahyvä
goodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,orakemisti
chemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
tulla
becomingthisorthat.Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
mitään
nothingimpersonal;andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Kuka
WHOHEIS,—thatistosanoen
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.7.
Kuinka
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!I
tiedä
knowofnothingmorestingingkuin
thanthejokeEpicurustookthevapauden
libertyofmakingonPlatoandthePlatonists;he
kutsui
calledthemDionysiokolakes.Initsoriginalsense,andonthefaceofit,the
sana
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesandlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisas
paljon
muchastosay,"Theyarekaikki
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasasuosittu
popularnameforanactor).Ja
AndthelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicurusheitti
castuponPlato:hewas
ärsytti
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenetyyli
styleofwhichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamestari
master!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,
joka
whosatconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,andkirjoitti
wrotethreehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,joka
whoknows!Greecetooka
sata
hundredyearstofindoutkuka
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisapointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopher
ilmestyy
appearsonthescene;or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Elää
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,younobleStoics,what
petos
fraudofwords!Imaginetoyourselvesabeing
kuin
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyvälinpitämätön
indifferent,withoutpurposeorconsideration,ilman
withoutpityorjustice,atoncefruitfulja
andbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Välinpitämättömyys
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouelää
liveinaccordancewithsuchvälinpitämättömyys
indifference?Tolive—isnotthat
vain
justendeavouringtobeotherwisekuin
thanthisNature?Isnot
elämä
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beingrajoitettu
limited,endeavouringtobedifferent?Ja
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"tarkoittaa
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howvoisit
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?Why
pitäisi
shouldyoumakeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,andtäytyy
mustbe?Inreality,however,itis
aivan
quiteotherwisewithyou:whileyou
teeskentelette
pretendtoreadwithrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youwantsomethingaivan
quitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersandself-deluders!Inyourprideyou
haluat
wishtodictateyourmoralsja
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,ja
andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsist
että
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"andwouldlikekaikki
everythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!Withallyourlovefortruth,youhave
olette pakottaneet
forcedyourselvessolong,sopersistently,ja
andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytonäkemään
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosanoen
say,Stoically,thatyouarenolongerabletonäkemään
seeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessantaa
givesyoutheBedlamitehopeettä
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillalsoantaa
allowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoica
Osa
PARTofNature?...Butthisisan
vanha
oldandeverlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimes
kanssa
withtheStoicsstillhappenstoday,aspian
soonaseveraphilosophyalkaa
beginstobelieveinitself.It
aina
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;itcannot
tehdä
dootherwise;philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,themostspiritual
Tahto
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thetahto
willtothecausaprima.10.
Theeagernessandsubtlety,Ishould
jopa
evensaycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"therealandtheapparentworld"isdealtwithatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughtandattention;andhe
joka
whohearsonlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,andmitään
nothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrareandisolatedcases,itmay
todella
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchaTahto
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagantandseikkailunhaluinen
adventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:that
joka
whichintheendalwaysprefersakourallinen
handfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;siellä
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofomantunnon
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirlasttrustinasurenothing,ratherkuin
thaninanuncertainsomething.Mutta
ButthatisNihilism,andthemerkki
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingtällainen
suchavirtuemaydisplay.It
näyttää
seems,however,tobeotherwisewithstrongerja
andlivelierthinkerswhoareyhä
stilleagerforlife.In
että
thattheysideAGAINSTappearance,andpuhuvat
speaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inettä
thattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodiesnoin
aboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidenceettä
that"theearthstandsstill,"andthus,ilmeisesti
apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontopaeta
escape(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whotietää
knowsiftheyarenotreallyyritä
tryingtowinbacksomethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,jotain
somethingoftheolddomainoftheuskon
faithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"ehkä
perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheyvoisivat
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?Olemassa
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasinthismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenrakennettu
constructedyesterdayandtoday;thereis
ehkä
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietyandscorn,whichcannolongerkestä
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthekaikkein
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismathetkellä
presentthrowsonthemarket;a
vastenmielisyyttä
disgustofthemorerefinedmakua
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessofallnäiden
thesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereismitään
nothingeithernewortrue,paitsi
exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstomethatwe
pitäisi
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;theirinstinct,
joka
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...what
tekemistä
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernus!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
että
thattheywishtogo"back,"butettä
thattheywishtogetPois
AWAYtherefrom.AlittleMORE
voimaa
strength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,ja
andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
It
tuntuu
seemstomethatthereiskaikkialla
everywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,ja
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythearvo
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.Kantwasfirstand
ensisijaisesti
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;withitinhishandhe
sanoi
said:"Thisisthemostdifficult
asia
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."Letus
vain
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!Hewas
ylpeä
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDauuden
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmenta
apriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfinthismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapid
kukoistaminen
flourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungersukupolven
generationtodiscoverifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofwhichtobestillprouder!—Butollaan
letusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."Howaresyntheticjudgments
a
aprioriPOSSIBLE?"Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhisanswer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,andwithsuch
näyttö
displayofGermanprofundityandsanallinen
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogethermenettää
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandemukana
involvedinsuchananswer.Ihmiset
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightovertästä
thisnewfaculty,andthejubilationsaavutti
reacheditsclimaxwhenKantfurtherlöytämistä
discoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthattimeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."Then
tuli
camethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.Kaikki
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionmenivät
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—alletsivät
seekingfor"faculties."Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGerman
hengen
spirit,towhichRomanticism,theilkeä
maliciousfairy,pipedandsang,kun
whenonecouldnotyeterottaa
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
voi
candonogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingettä
thatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryandsenileconceptions),kuin
thantotakeitseriously,tai
oreventreatitwithmoralindignation.Enough,however—theworldgrewolder,
ja
andthedreamvanished.A
aika
timecamewhenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,ja
andtheystillrubthemtoday.Ihmiset
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirstja
andforemost—oldKant."Bymeansofa
tarkoittanut
means(faculty)"—hehadsaid,oratainakin
leastmeanttosay.But,isthat—an
vastaus
answer?Anexplanation?
Orisitnot
pikemminkin
rathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?Miten
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
nimittäin
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthelääkäri
doctorinMoliere,.Butsuchreplies
kuuluvat
belongtotherealmofcomedy,anditishighaika
timetoreplacetheKantiankysymys
question,"Howaresyntheticjudgmentsa
aPRIORIpossible?"byanother
kysymys
question,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishighaika
timethatweshouldunderstandettä
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatureslikeourselves;thoughtheystillmight
luonnollisesti
naturallybefalsejudgments!Or,moreplainlyspoken,
ja
androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsa
apriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;we
ole
havenorighttothem;inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,of
tietenkin
course,thebeliefintheirtruthisvälttämätöntä
necessary,asplausiblebeliefandocularevidencekuuluvat
belongingtotheperspectiveviewofelämän
life.Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
toivottavasti
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthewholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtettä
thatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,to
löysivät
findanantidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismjoka
whichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...