Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
Youwillrejoicetohearthatnodisasterhasaccompaniedthecommencementofanenterprisewhichyouhaveregardedwith
niin
suchevilforebodings.Iarrived
tänne
hereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskistoassuremydearsisterofmywelfareandincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.Iam
jo
alreadyfarnorthofLondon,andasIkävelen
walkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Itunnen
feelacoldnorthernbreezeplayuponmycheeks,joka
whichbracesmynervesandfillsmewithdelight.Doyouunderstand
tämän
thisfeeling?Thisbreeze,whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowards
joka
whichIamadvancing,givesmeaforetasteofthoseicyclimes.Inspiritedby
tämän
thiswindofpromise,mydaydreamstulee
becomemoreferventandvivid.I
yritän
tryinvaintobepersuadedettä
thatthepoleistheseatoffrostanddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeautyanddelight.
There,Margaret,thesunisforevervisible,itsbroaddisk
vain
justskirtingthehorizonanddiffusingaperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,mysister,Iwillputsome
luotan
trustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowja
andfrostarebanished;and,sailing
yli
overacalmsea,wesaatamme
maybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersja
andinbeautyeveryregionhithertodiscoveredonthehabitableglobe.Itsproductionsandfeatures
saattavat
maybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheheavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinthoseundiscoveredsolitudes.What
voi
maynotbeexpectedinamaassa
countryofeternallight?I
voi
maytherediscoverthewondrouspowerwhichattractstheneedleja
andmayregulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatrequirevain
onlythisvoyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardentcuriositywiththesightofa
osan
partoftheworldneverennen
beforevisited,andmaytreadalandkoskaan
neverbeforeimprintedbythefootofman.Nämä
Thesearemyenticements,andtheyaresufficienttoconquerallfearofdangertai
ordeathandtoinducemetocommencetämän
thislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyalapsi
childfeelswhenheembarksinalittleboat,kanssa
withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryuphisnativeriver.Mutta
Butsupposingalltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontestsitä
theinestimablebenefitwhichIshallconferonkaikki
allmankind,tothelastgeneration,bydiscoveringapassagenearsitä
thepoletothosecountries,toreachwhichatpresentsomonta
manymonthsarerequisite;orbyascertainingthesecretofthemagnet,which,
jos
ifatallpossible,canvain
onlybeeffectedbyanundertakingsuchasminun
mine.Thesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationwith
joka
whichIbeganmyletter,ja
andIfeelmyheartglowwithanenthusiasmjoka
whichelevatesmetoheaven,formikään
nothingcontributessomuchtotranquillisethemindasasteadypurpose—apointonjoka
whichthesoulmayfixitsintellectualeye.Tämä
Thisexpeditionhasbeenthefavouritedreamofmyearlyyears.I
on
havereadwithardourtheaccountsofthevariousvoyageswhichon
havebeenmadeintheprospectofarrivingattheNorthPacificOceankautta
throughtheseaswhichsurroundthepole.Youmay
muistatte
rememberthatahistoryofallthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedthewholeofourhyvä
goodUncleThomas’library.Myeducationwasneglected,
mutta
yetIwaspassionatelyfondofreading.Nämä
Thesevolumesweremystudydayja
andnight,andmyfamiliaritywiththemincreasedettä
thatregretwhichIhadtuntenut
felt,asachild,onlearningettä
thatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadforbiddenmyuncletoallowmetoembarkinaseafaringlife.Nämä
ThesevisionsfadedwhenIperused,forthefirstkertaa
time,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulja
andliftedittoheaven.I
myös
alsobecameapoetandforonevuoden
yearlivedinaparadiseofmyowncreation;Iimagined
että
thatIalsomightobtainanicheinthetemplejossa
wherethenamesofHomerandShakespeareareconsecrated.Youare
hyvin
wellacquaintedwithmyfailureja
andhowheavilyIborethedisappointment.Mutta
ButjustatthattimeIinheritedthefortuneofmycousin,andmythoughtswereturnedintothechanneloftheirearlierbent.Kuusi
SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.Ican,evennow,
muistan
rememberthehourfromwhichIdedicatedmyselftothisgreatenterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmybodytohardship.
Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
Ivoluntarilyenduredcold,famine,thirst,andwantofsleep;
Ioften
työskentelin
workedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthedayanddevotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromwhicha
anavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpracticaladvantage.TwiceIactuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,
ja
andacquittedmyselftoadmiration.I
täytyy
mustownIfeltalittleproudkun
whenmycaptainofferedmethetoisen
seconddignityinthevesselja
andentreatedmetoremainwiththegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.Ja
Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeservetoaccomplishsomegreatpurpose?Mylifemighthavebeenpassedinease
ja
andluxury,butIpreferredglorytoeveryenticementthatwealthplacedinmypath.Oh,thatsomeencouragingvoicewould
vastaisi
answerintheaffirmative!Mycourage
ja
andmyresolutionisfirm;mutta
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoftendepressed.Iamabouttoproceedonalonganddifficultvoyage,theemergenciesofwhichwilldemandallmyfortitude:
Iamrequirednot
vain
onlytoraisethespiritsofothers,butjoskus
sometimestosustainmyown,kun
whentheirsarefailing.ThisisthemostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.
Theyflyquickly
yli
overthesnowintheirsledges;themotionispleasant,and,inmyopinion,
paljon
farmoreagreeablethanthatofanEnglishstagecoach.Thecoldisnotexcessive,
jos
ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresswhichIhavejo
alreadyadopted,forthereisasuuri
greatdifferencebetweenwalkingthedeckja
andremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,kun
whennoexercisepreventstheverta
bloodfromactuallyfreezinginyourveins.I
ole
havenoambitiontolosemylifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.Petersburghja
andArchangel.Ishalldepartforthelattertowninafortnight
tai
orthreeweeks;andmyintentionistohireashipthere,which
voidaan
caneasilybedonebymaksamalla
payingtheinsurancefortheowner,ja
andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryamongthosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.IdonotintendtosailuntilthemonthofJune;
ja
andwhenshallIreturn?Ah,
rakas
dearsister,howcanIvastata
answerthisquestion?IfIsucceed,
monta
many,manymonths,perhapsyears,willpassbeforeyouja
andImaymeet.IfIfail,youwill
näet
seemeagainsoon,orkoskaan
never.Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdownblessingsonyou,
ja
andsaveme,thatIvoin
mayagainandagaintestifymygratitudeforallyourloveja
andkindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
Kuinka
Howslowlythetimepassestäällä
here,encompassedasIambyfrostja
andsnow!Yetasecondstepis
otettu
takentowardsmyenterprise.I
olen
havehiredavesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;ne
thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIvoin
candependandarecertainlypossessedofdauntlesscourage.ButI
on
haveonewantwhichIon
haveneveryetbeenabletosatisfy,andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichInyt
nowfeelasamostsevereevil,Ion
havenofriend,Margaret:whenIamglowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;
jos
ifIamassailedbydisappointment,ei
noonewillendeavourtosustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itis
totta
true;butthatisa
huono
poormediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethecompanyofa
miehen
manwhocouldsympathisewithminua
me,whoseeyeswouldreplytomine.You
saatat
maydeemmeromantic,myrakas
dearsister,butIbitterlytunnen
feelthewantofafriend.Ihavenoonenearme,gentleyetcourageous,possessedof
a
acultivatedaswellasofa
acapaciousmind,whosetastesarelikemyown,toapprovetai
oramendmyplans.Howwouldsucha
ystävä
friendrepairthefaultsofyourpoorbrother!Iam
liian
tooardentinexecutionandliian
tooimpatientofdifficulties.Butitisastillgreatereviltome
että
thatIamself-educated:forthefirstfourteenyearsofmylifeIranwildonacommonand
lukenut
readnothingbutourUncleThomas’booksofvoyages.AtthatageIbecameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofourowncountry;
mutta
butitwasonlywhenithadceasedtobeinmypowertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromsuchaconvictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofbecomingacquaintedwithmorelanguageskuin
thanthatofmynativecountry.Nyt
NowIamtwenty-eightandaminrealitymoreilliteratekuin
thanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.Itis
totta
truethatIhavethoughtenemmän
moreandthatmydaydreamsareenemmän
moreextendedandmagnificent,buttheyhaluavat
want(asthepainterscallit)keeping;ja
andIgreatlyneedafriendwhowouldhavesensetarpeeksi
enoughnottodespisemeasromantic,ja
andaffectionenoughformetoendeavourtoregulatemymind.Well,
nämä
theseareuselesscomplaints;Ishallcertainly
löydä
findnofriendonthewideocean,noredes
evenhereinArchangel,amongmerchantsja
andseamen.Yetsomefeelings,unalliedtothedrossofhumannature,
lyövät
beatevenintheseruggedbosoms.Mylieutenant,forinstance,isamanofwonderfulcourageandenterprise;
heismadlydesirousofglory,
tai
orrather,towordmyphrasemorecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisprofession.HeisanEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalandprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,retains
joitakin
someofthenoblestendowmentsofhumanity.Ifirstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboardawhalevessel;
findingthathewasunemployedinthiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtoassistinmyenterprise.
Themasterisa
henkilö
personofanexcellentdispositionandisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessandthemildnessofhisdiscipline.Tämä
Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-knownintegrityja
anddauntlesscourage,mademehyvin
verydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedinsolitude,my
parhaat
bestyearsspentunderyourgentleandfemininefosterage,on
hassorefinedthegroundworkofmycharacterthatIcannotovercomeanintensedistastetotheusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:Ihave
koskaan
neverbelievedittobenecessary,andkun
whenIheardofamarinerequallynotedforhiskindlinessofheartandtherespectandobediencepaidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlyfortunateinbeingabletosecurehisservices.I
kuulin
heardofhimfirstinratheraromanticmanner,fromaladyjoka
whoowestohimthehappinessofherlife.Tämä
This,briefly,ishisstory.Someyears
sitten
agohelovedayoungRussianladyofmoderatefortune,andoli
havingamassedaconsiderablesuminprize-money,theisä
fatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.He
näki
sawhismistressoncebeforethedestinedceremony;mutta
butshewasbathedintears,ja
andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,confessingatthesamalla
sametimethatshelovedanother,mutta
butthathewaspoor,ja
andthatherfatherwouldkoskaan
neverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerousfriendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofthe
nimi
nameofherlover,instantlyabandonedhispursuit.He
oli
hadalreadyboughtafarmwithhismoney,onwhichheoli
haddesignedtopasstheremainderofhislife;mutta
buthebestowedthewholeonhisrival,togetherkanssa
withtheremainsofhisprize-moneytopurchasestock,andthenhimselfsolicitedtheyoungwoman’sfathertoconsenttohermarriagekanssa
withherlover.Butthe
vanha
oldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyfriend,joka
who,whenhefoundtheisä
fatherinexorable,quittedhiscountry,norpalannut
returneduntilheheardthathisformermistresswasmarriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
youwillexclaim.
Heisso;
mutta
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:heisassilentasaTurk,andakindofignorantcarelessnessattendshim,
joka
which,whileitrendershisconductthemoreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestandsympathyjoka
whichotherwisehewouldcommand.Mutta
Yetdonotsuppose,becauseIcomplainavähän
littleorbecauseIcanconceiveaconsolationformytoilswhichIvoin
mayneverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Ne
Thoseareasfixedasfate,ja
andmyvoyageisonlynyt
nowdelayeduntiltheweathershallpermitmyembarkation.Thewinterhasbeendreadfullysevere,
mutta
butthespringpromiseswell,ja
anditisconsideredasaremarkablyearlyseason,soettä
thatperhapsImaysailsoonerthanIexpected.Ishall
tee
donothingrashly:youknowmesufficientlytoconfideinmyprudenceandconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomycare.
Icannotdescribetoyoumysensationsonthenearprospectofmyundertaking.
Itisimpossibletocommunicatetoyouaconceptionofthetremblingsensation,halfpleasurableandhalffearful,
kanssa
withwhichIampreparingtodepart.Iam
menen
goingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmistandsnow,”mutta
butIshallkillnoalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafetyor
jos
ifIshouldcomebacktoyouaswornja
andwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”Youwillsmileatmyallusion,
mutta
butIwilldiscloseasecret.I
on
haveoftenattributedmyattachmentto,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantoettä
thatproductionofthemostimaginativeofmodernpoets.Thereissomethingat
toimii
workinmysoulwhichIdonotymmärrä
understand.Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,aworkmantoexecutewithperseveranceandlabour—butbesidesthisthereisaloveforthemarvellous,abeliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinallmyprojects,whichhurriesmeoutofthecommonpathwaysofmen,eventothewildseaandunvisitedregionsIamabouttoexplore.
Mutta
Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.ShallI
tapaamaan
meetyouagain,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,andpalannut
returnedbythemostsoutherncapeofAfricatai
orAmerica?Idarenotexpectsuchsuccess,yetIcannotbearto
katsoa
lookonthereverseofthepicture.Continueforthepresentto
kirjoittamista
writetomebyeveryopportunity:I
saatan
mayreceiveyourlettersonsomeoccasionskun
whenIneedthemmosttosupportmyspirits.I
rakastan
loveyouverytenderly.Remembermewithaffection,shouldyou
koskaan
neverhearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
July7th,17—.
My
rakas
dearSister,.Iwritea
muutaman
fewlinesinhastetosayettä
thatIamsafe—andwelladvancedonmyvoyage.Tämä
ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyamerchantmannyt
nowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;morefortunate
kuin
thanI,whomaynotnäe
seemynativeland,perhaps,formanyyears.Iam,however,ingoodspirits:
mymenareboldandapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordothefloatingsheetsoficethatcontinuallypassus,indicatingthedangersoftheregiontowards
jotka
whichweareadvancing,appeartodismaythem.We
olemme
havealreadyreachedaveryhighlatitude;mutta
butitistheheightofsummer,andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,whichblowusspeedilytowardsthoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretoattain,breatheadegreeofrenovatingwarmthwhichIhadnotexpected.Noincidentshavehithertobefallenusthatwouldmakeafigureinaletter.
Yksi
Oneortwostiffgalesandthespringingofaleakareaccidentswhichexperiencednavigatorsscarcelymuistavat
remembertorecord,andIshallbehyvin
wellcontentifnothingworsetapahdu
happentousduringourvoyage.Adieu,my
rakas
dearMargaret.Beassuredthatformy
omien
ownsake,aswellasyours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.Iwillbe
viileä
cool,persevering,andprudent.Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.
Whereforenot?
Thus
pitkälle
farIhavegone,tracingasecurewayyli
overthepathlessseas,theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesandtestimoniesofmytriumph.Miksi
Whynotstillproceedoversitä
theuntamedyetobedientelement?What
voi
canstopthedeterminedheartandresolvedtahdon
willofman?Myswellingheartinvoluntarilypoursitself
ulos
outthus.ButImustfinish.
Heavenblessmybelovedsister!
Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
Sostrangeanaccidenthashappenedtous
että
thatIcannotforbearrecordingsitä
it,althoughitisveryprobableettä
thatyouwillseemebeforenämä
thesepaperscancomeintoyourpossession.Viime
LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,joka
whichclosedintheshiponallsides,scarcelyjätti
leavingherthesea-roominjoka
whichshefloated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundbya
hyvin
verythickfog.Weaccordinglylayto,
toivoen
hopingthatsomechangewouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereja
andweather.Abouttwoo’clockthemistclearedaway,andwebeheld,stretchedoutineverydirection,vastandirregularplainsofice,whichseemedtohave
ei
noend.Someofmycomradesgroaned,andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulwithanxiousthoughts,
kun
whenastrangesightsuddenlyattractedourattentionanddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceivedalowcarriage,fixedonasledgeanddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalfamile;
abeingwhich
oli
hadtheshapeofaman,mutta
butapparentlyofgiganticstature,istui
satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.Wewatchedtherapidprogressofthetravellerwithourtelescopes
kunnes
untilhewaslostamongthedistantinequalitiesoftheice.Tämä
Thisappearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswe
uskoimme
believed,manyhundredmilesfromanyland;mutta
butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,sodistantaswehadsupposed.Sulkenut
Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibletofollowhistrack,whichwehadobservedwiththegreatestattention.Noin
Abouttwohoursafterthisoccurrencewekuulimme
heardthegroundsea,andennen
beforenighttheicebrokeja
andfreedourship.We,however,laytountilthemorning,fearingtoencounterinthedark
ne
thoselargeloosemasseswhichfloataboutjälkeen
afterthebreakingupoftheice.Iprofitedof
tätä
thistimetorestforamuutaman
fewhours.Inthemorning,however,assoonasitwaslight,I
menin
wentupondeckandfoundkaikki
allthesailorsbusyononepuolella
sideofthevessel,apparentlypuhuivat
talkingtosomeoneinthesea.Itwas,in
itse asiassa
fact,asledge,likethatwehadolimme nähneet
seenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusintheyöllä
nightonalargefragmentofice.Vain
Onlyonedogremainedalive;mutta
buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingtoenterthevessel.Hewasnot,astheothertravellerseemedtobe,asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,butaEuropean.
Kun
WhenIappearedondeckthemastersanoi
said,“Hereisourcaptain,andhewillnotallowyoutoperishontheopensea.”Onperceivingme,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughwithaforeignaccent.
“BeforeI
tulen
comeonboardyourvessel,”sanoi
saidhe,“willyouhavethekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”You
voitte
mayconceivemyastonishmentonhearingsuchaquestionaddressedtomefromamanonthebrinkofdestructionandtowhomIshouldon
havesupposedthatmyvesselwouldon
havebeenaresourcewhichhewouldnoton
haveexchangedforthemostpreciouswealththeearthvoitte
canafford.Ireplied,however,
että
thatwewereonavoyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorthernpole.Upon
kuuli
hearingthisheappearedsatisfiedja
andconsentedtocomeonboard.Hyvä
GoodGod!Margaret,ifyouhadseenthe
miehen
manwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurprisewouldhavebeenboundless.Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,
ja
andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedbyfatigueja
andsuffering.Ineversawamaninsowretchedacondition.
Weattemptedtocarryhimintothecabin,
mutta
butassoonasheoli
hadquittedthefreshairhefainted.Weaccordingly
tuomme
broughthimbacktothedeckja
andrestoredhimtoanimationbyrubbinghimwithbrandyja
andforcinghimtoswallowasmallquantity.Assoonashe
näytti
showedsignsoflifewewrappedhimupinblanketsandplacedhimnearthechimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecovered
ja
andatealittlesoup,joka
whichrestoredhimwonderfully.Twodayspassedin
tällä
thismannerbeforehewasabletopuhumaan
speak,andIoftenfearedettä
thathissufferingshaddeprivedhimofunderstanding.Kun
Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyowncabinja
andattendedonhimaspaljon
muchasmydutywouldpermit.I
koskaan
neversawamoreinterestingcreature:hiseyeshavegenerallyanexpressionofwildness,and
jopa
evenmadness,buttherearemomentswhen,jos
ifanyoneperformsanactofkindnesstowardshimtai
ordoeshimanythemosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedup,asitwere,withabeamofbenevolenceandsweetnessthatIkoskaan
neversawequalled.Butheisgenerallymelancholyanddespairing,and
toisinaan
sometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asifimpatientoftheweightofwoesthatoppresseshäntä
him.Whenmyguestwasa
vähän
littlerecoveredIhadgreattroubletokeepoffthemen,jotka
whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;