Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
Youwill
verheugen
rejoicetohearthatnodisasterhasvergezeld
accompaniedthecommencementofanonderneming
enterprisewhichyouhaveregardedwithsuchevilforebodings.Iarrivedhereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskisto
verzekeren
assuremydearsisterofmywelzijn
welfareandincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.IamalreadyfarnorthofLondon,andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Ifeelacoldnorthernbreezeplayuponmycheeks,whichbracesmynervesandfillsmewith
vreugde
delight.Doyouunderstandthisfeeling?
Thisbreeze,whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowardswhichIamadvancing,givesmeaforetasteofthose
ijzige
icyclimes.Inspiritedbythiswindofpromise,mydaydreamsbecomemoreferventandvivid.
Itryin
tevergeefs
vaintobepersuadedthatthepaal
poleistheseatofvorst
frostanddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeautyand
genot
delight.There,Margaret,thesunisforever
zichtbaar
visible,itsbroaddiskjustskirtingthehorizon
horizonanddiffusingaperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,mysister,Iwillputsometrustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowand
vorst
frostarebanished;and,sailingoveracalmsea,wemaybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersandinbeautyevery
regio
regionhithertodiscoveredonthehabitableaardbol
globe.Itsproductionsandfeaturesmaybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheheavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinthoseundiscoveredsolitudes.
Whatmaynotbeexpectedinacountryof
eeuwig
eternallight?Imaythere
ontdek
discoverthewondrouspowerwhichattractsthenaald
needleandmayregulateathousandhemelse
celestialobservationsthatrequireonlythisreis
voyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardent
nieuwsgierigheid
curiositywiththesightofapartoftheworldneverbeforevisited,andmaybetreden
treadalandneverbeforeimprintedbythefootofman.Thesearemyenticements,andtheyaresufficienttoconquerallfearofdangerordeathandtoinducemeto
beginnen
commencethislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyachildfeelswhenheembarksinalittleboat,withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryuphisnativeriver.Butsupposingalltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontesttheinestimable
voordeel
benefitwhichIshallconferonallmensheid
mankind,tothelastgeneration,byontdekken
discoveringapassagenearthepool
poletothosecountries,toreachwhichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;orbyascertainingthesecretofthe
magneet
magnet,which,ifatallpossible,canonlybeeffectedbyanundertakingsuchasmine.ThesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationwithwhichIbeganmyletter,andIfeelmyheart
gloeit
glowwithanenthusiasmwhichelevatesmetoheaven,fornothingdraagt
contributessomuchtotranquillisethemindasasteadypurpose—apointonwhichthesoulmayfixitsintellectuele
intellectualeye.Thisexpeditionhasbeenthe
favoriete
favouritedreamofmyearlyyears.Ihavereadwithardourtheaccountsofthe
verschillende
variousvoyageswhichhavebeenmadeinthevooruitzicht
prospectofarrivingattheNorthStille oceaan
PacificOceanthroughtheseaswhichomringen
surroundthepole.YoumayrememberthatahistoryofallthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedthewholeofourgoodUncleThomas’library.
Myeducationwas
verwaarloosd
neglected,yetIwaspassionatelydol
fondofreading.Thesevolumesweremystudydayandnight,andmyfamiliaritywiththem
vergrootte
increasedthatregretwhichIhadfelt,asachild,onlearningthatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadverboden
forbiddenmyuncletoallowmetoembarkinaseafaringlife.Thesevisions
vervaagden
fadedwhenIperused,forthefirsttime,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulandliftedittoheaven.Ialsobecamea
dichter
poetandforoneyearlivedinaparadiseofmyowncreatie
creation;IimaginedthatIalsomight
verkrijgen
obtainanicheinthetemplewherethenamesofHomerandShakespeareareconsecrated.YouarewellacquaintedwithmyfailureandhowheavilyIborethe
teleurstelling
disappointment.ButjustatthattimeI
erfde
inheritedthefortuneofmycousin,andmythoughtswereturnedintothechanneloftheirearliergebogen
bent.SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.
Ican,evennow,rememberthehourfromwhichI
gewijd
dedicatedmyselftothisgreatonderneming
enterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmybodyto
moeilijkheden
hardship.Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
I
vrijwillig
voluntarilyenduredcold,famine,thirst,andwantofsleep;Ioftenworkedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthedayand
wijdde
devotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromwhichanavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpraktische
practicaladvantage.TwiceIactuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,andacquittedmyselfto
bewondering
admiration.ImustownIfeltalittleproudwhenmycaptainofferedmethesecond
waardigheid
dignityinthevesselandentreatedmetoremainwiththegreatestearnestness,sowaardevol
valuabledidheconsidermyservices.Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeserveto
bereiken
accomplishsomegreatpurpose?Mylifemighthavebeenpassedin
gemak
easeandluxury,butIpreferredglorytoeveryenticementthatrijkdom
wealthplacedinmypath.Oh,thatsomeencouragingvoicewouldanswerintheaffirmative!
Mycourageandmyresolutionisfirm;
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoften
depressief
depressed.Iamabouttoproceedonalonganddifficult
reis
voyage,theemergenciesofwhichwilldemandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednotonlytoraisethespiritsofothers,butsometimesto
ondersteunen
sustainmyown,whentheirsarefailing.ThisisthemostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.
Theyflyquicklyoverthesnowintheirsledges;
the
beweging
motionispleasant,and,inmyopinion,farmoreagreeablethanthatofanEnglishstagecoach.Thecoldisnotexcessive,ifyouare
gewikkeld
wrappedinfurs—adresswhichIhavealreadyaangenomen
adopted,forthereisagreatdifferencebetweenwalkingthedek
deckandremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,whennoexercisevoorkomt
preventsthebloodfromactuallyfreezinginyourveins.Ihaveno
ambitie
ambitiontolosemylifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.PetersburghandArchangel.Ishalldepartforthe
laatste
lattertowninafortnightorthreeweeks;andmy
bedoeling
intentionistohireashipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebypayingtheinsurancefortheowner,andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryamongthosewhoaregewend
accustomedtothewhale-fishing.Idonot
plan
intendtosailuntilthemonthofJune;andwhenshallIreturn?
Ah,dearsister,howcanIanswerthisquestion?
IfI
lukt
succeed,many,manymonths,perhapsyears,willpassbeforeyouandImaymeet.IfIfail,youwillseemeagainsoon,ornever.
Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdown
zegeningen
blessingsonyou,andsaveme,thatImayagainandagaintestifymydankbaarheid
gratitudeforallyourloveandvriendelijkheid
kindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
Howslowlythetimepasseshere,encompassedasIamby
vorst
frostandsnow!Yetasecondstepistakentowardsmy
onderneming
enterprise.Ihavehireda
schip
vesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIcandependandarecertainly
bezitten
possessedofdauntlesscourage.ButIhaveonewantwhichIhaveneveryetbeenableto
bevredigen
satisfy,andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichInowfeelasamostsevereevil,Ihavenofriend,Margaret:whenIam
gloei
glowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;ifIamassailedby
teleurstelling
disappointment,noonewillendeavourtoondersteunen
sustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itistrue;
butthatisapoor
medium
mediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethecompanyofamanwhocouldsympathisewithme,whoseeyeswould
beantwoorden
replytomine.Youmaydeemmeromantic,mydearsister,butIbitterlyfeelthewantofafriend.
Ihavenoonenearme,
zacht
gentleyetcourageous,possessedofacultivatedaswellasofacapaciousmind,whosetastesarelikemyown,togoed te keuren
approveoramendmyplans.Howwouldsuchafriend
herstellen
repairthefaultsofyourpoorbrother!Iamtooardentin
uitvoering
executionandtooimpatientofdifficulties.ButitisastillgreatereviltomethatIamself-educated:
forthefirstfourteenyearsofmylifeIranwildonacommonandreadnothingbutourUncleThomas’booksofvoyages.
AtthatageIbecameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofourowncountry;
butitwasonlywhenithadceasedtobeinmypowertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromsucha
overtuiging
convictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofbecomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesthanthatofmynativecountry.NowIamtwenty-eightandaminrealitymore
analfabeet
illiteratethanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.ItistruethatIhavethoughtmoreandthatmydaydreamsaremoreextendedandmagnificent,buttheywant(asthepainterscallit)keeping;
andIgreatlyneedafriendwhowouldhavesenseenoughnotto
verachten
despisemeasromantic,andgenegenheid
affectionenoughformetoendeavourtoreguleren
regulatemymind.Well,theseareuselesscomplaints;
Ishallcertainlyfindnofriendonthewideocean,norevenhereinArchangel,amongmerchantsandseamen.
Yetsomefeelings,unalliedtothedrossofhumannature,beateveninthese
ruige
ruggedbosoms.Mylieutenant,forinstance,isamanofwonderfulcourageand
onderneming
enterprise;heismadlydesirousofglory,orrather,towordmyphrasemorecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhis
beroep
profession.HeisanEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalandprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,
behoudt
retainssomeofthenoblestendowmentsofmensheid
humanity.Ifirstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboardawhalevessel;
findingthathewas
werkloos
unemployedinthiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtohelpen
assistinmyenterprise.Themasterisapersonofanexcellentdispositionandis
opmerkelijk
remarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessandthemildnessofhisdiscipline
discipline.Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-known
integriteit
integrityanddauntlesscourage,mademeverydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedin
eenzaamheid
solitude,mybestyearsspentunderyourzachte
gentleandfemininefosterage,hassorefinedthegroundworkofmycharacterthatIcannotoverwinnen
overcomeanintensedistastetotheusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:Ihaveneverbelievedittobenecessary,andwhenIheardofamarinerequallynotedforhiskindlinessofheartandtherespectand
gehoorzaamheid
obediencepaidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlygelukkig
fortunateinbeingabletosecurehisservices.Iheardofhimfirstinratheraromantic
manier
manner,fromaladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherlife.This,
kortom
briefly,ishisstory.SomeyearsagohelovedayoungRussianladyof
matig
moderatefortune,andhavingamassedaconsiderablebedrag
suminprize-money,thefatherofthegirlstemde
consentedtothematch.Hesawhis
minnares
mistressoncebeforethedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,
bekende
confessingatthesametimethatshelovedanother,butthathewaspoor,andthatherfatherwouldneverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerousfriendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofthenameofherlover,
onmiddellijk
instantlyabandonedhispursuit.Hehadalreadyboughtafarmwithhismoney,onwhichhehaddesignedtopassthe
rest
remainderofhislife;buthebestowedthewholeonhis
rivaal
rival,togetherwiththeremainsofhisprize-moneytokopen
purchasestock,andthenhimselfsolicitedtheyoungwoman’sfathertotoestemming
consenttohermarriagewithherlover.Buttheoldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyfriend,who,whenhefoundthefatherinexorable,quittedhiscountry,norreturneduntilheheardthathisformer
minnares
mistresswasmarriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
youwillexclaim.
Heisso;
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:
heisassilentasaTurk,andakindofignorantcarelessnessattendshim,which,whileitrendershis
gedrag
conductthemoreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestandsympathie
sympathywhichotherwisehewouldcommand.Yetdonotsuppose,becauseI
klaag
complainalittleorbecauseIcanbedenken
conceiveaconsolationformytoilswhichImayneverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Thoseareasfixedasfate,andmy
reis
voyageisonlynowdelayeduntiltheweathershallpermitmyembarkation.Thewinterhasbeendreadfullysevere,butthespringpromiseswell,anditisconsideredasa
opmerkelijk
remarkablyearlyseason,sothatperhapsImayvaren
sailsoonerthanIexpected.Ishalldonothingrashly:
youknowme
genoeg
sufficientlytoconfideinmyprudenceandconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomycare.Icannot
beschrijven
describetoyoumysensationsonthenearvooruitzicht
prospectofmyundertaking.Itisimpossibletocommunicatetoyouaconceptionofthetrembling
gevoel
sensation,halfpleasurableandhalffearful,withwhichIampreparingtovertrekken
depart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmistandsnow,”butIshallkillnoalbatross;
thereforedonotbealarmedformysafetyorifIshouldcomebacktoyouaswornandwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”
Youwillsmileatmyallusion,butIwill
onthullen
discloseasecret.Ihaveoftenattributedmy
gehechtheid
attachmentto,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofthemostimaginativeofmodernpoets.ThereissomethingatworkinmysoulwhichIdonotunderstand.
Iam
praktisch
practicallyindustrious—painstaking,aworkmantouit te voeren
executewithperseveranceandlabour—butbesidesthisthereisaloveforthemarvellous,ageloof
beliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinallmyprojects,whichhurriesmeoutofthecommonpathwaysofmen,eventothewildseaandunvisitedregionsIamabouttoverkennen
explore.Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.
ShallImeetyouagain,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,andreturnedbythemostsouthern
kaap
capeofAfricaorAmerica?Idarenotexpectsuchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartolookonthereverseofthepicture.
Continueforthepresenttowritetomebyeveryopportunity:
ImayreceiveyourlettersonsomeoccasionswhenIneedthemmosttosupportmyspirits.
Iloveyouverytenderly.
Remembermewith
genegenheid
affection,shouldyouneverhearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Juli
July7th,17—.MydearSister,.
IwriteafewlinesinhastetosaythatIamsafe—andwelladvancedonmy
reis
voyage.ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyamerchantmannowonitshomeward
reis
voyagefromArchangel;morefortunatethanI,whomaynotseemynativeland,perhaps,formanyyears.
Iam,however,ingoodspirits:
mymenareboldandapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordothefloatingsheetsoficethat
voortdurend
continuallypassus,indicatingthedangersoftheregio
regiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaythem.Wehavealreadyreachedaveryhighlatitude;
butitisthe
hoogte
heightofsummer,andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,whichblowusspeedilytowardsthoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretobereiken
attain,breatheadegreeofrenovatingwarmte
warmthwhichIhadnotexpected.Noincidentshavehithertobefallenusthatwouldmakeafigureinaletter.
Oneortwostiffgalesandthespringingofa
lek
leakareaccidentswhichexperiencednavigatorsnauwelijks
scarcelyremembertorecord,andIshallbewellcontentifnothingworsehappentousduringourreis
voyage.Adieu,mydearMargaret.
Be
verzekerd
assuredthatformyownsake,aswellasyours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.Iwillbecool,persevering,and
voorzichtig
prudent.Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.
Whereforenot?
ThusfarIhavegone,tracingasecurewayoverthepathlessseas,theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesandtestimoniesofmy
triomf
triumph.Whynotstillproceedovertheuntamedyetobedient
element
element?Whatcanstopthe
vastberaden
determinedheartandresolvedwillofman?Myswellingheartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.
ButImustfinish.
Heavenblessmybelovedsister!
Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
SostrangeanaccidenthashappenedtousthatIcannotforbearrecordingit,althoughitisvery
waarschijnlijk
probablethatyouwillseemebeforethesepaperscancomeintoyourbezit
possession.LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearly
omringd
surroundedbyice,whichclosedintheshiponallsides,nauwelijks
scarcelyleavingherthesea-roominwhichshezweefde
floated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundbyaverythickfog.
Weaccordinglylayto,hopingthatsomechangewouldtakeplaceinthe
atmosfeer
atmosphereandweather.Abouttwoo’clockthemistclearedaway,andwe
zagen
beheld,stretchedoutineverydirection,uitgestrekte
vastandirregularplainsofice,whichseemedtohavenoend.Someofmycomradesgroaned,andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulwithanxiousthoughts,whenastrangesightsuddenly
trok
attractedourattentionanddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceivedalow
koets
carriage,fixedonasledgeanddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalfamile;abeingwhichhadtheshapeofaman,butapparentlyofgigantic
gestalte
stature,satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.Wewatchedthe
snelle
rapidprogressofthetravellerwithourtelescopesuntilhewaslostamongtheverre
distantinequalitiesoftheice.This
verschijning
appearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswebelieved,manyhundredmilesfromanyland;
butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,so
ver
distantaswehadsupposed.Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibletofollowhistrack,whichwehad
waargenomen
observedwiththegreatestattention.Abouttwohoursafterthis
gebeurtenis
occurrenceweheardthegroundsea,andbeforenighttheicebrokeandfreedourship.We,however,laytountilthemorning,fearingtoencounterinthedarkthoselargeloosemasseswhichfloataboutafterthebreakingupoftheice.
Iprofitedofthistimetorestforafewhours.
Inthemorning,however,assoonasitwaslight,Iwentupon
dek
deckandfoundallthesailorsbusyononesideoftheschip
vessel,apparentlytalkingtosomeoneinthesea.Itwas,infact,asledge,likethatwehadseenbefore,whichhad
gedreven
driftedtowardsusinthenightonalargefragmentofice.Onlyonedogremainedalive;
buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswere
overtuigden
persuadingtoenterthevessel.Hewasnot,astheother
reiziger
travellerseemedtobe,asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,butaEuropean.WhenIappearedon
dek
deckthemastersaid,“Hereisourcaptain,andhewillnotallowyoutoperishontheopensea.”Onperceivingme,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughwithaforeign
accent
accent.“BeforeIcomeonboardyourvessel,”saidhe,“willyouhavethekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”
Youmayconceivemyastonishmentonhearingsuchaquestionaddressedtomefromamanonthe
rand
brinkofdestructionandtowhomIshouldhavesupposedthatmyschip
vesselwouldhavebeenahulpbron
resourcewhichhewouldnothaveexchangedforthemostpreciousrijkdom
wealththeearthcanafford.I
antwoordde
replied,however,thatwewereonavoyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorthernpole.Uponhearingthisheappearedsatisfiedand
stemde
consentedtocomeonboard.GoodGod!
Margaret,ifyouhadseenthemanwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurprisewouldhavebeenboundless.
Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedby
vermoeidheid
fatigueandsuffering.Ineversawamaninso
ellendige
wretchedacondition.Weattemptedtocarryhimintothe
hut
cabin,butassoonashehadquittedthefreshairhefainted.Weaccordinglybroughthimbacktothe
dek
deckandrestoredhimtoanimationbywrijven
rubbinghimwithbrandyandforcinghimtoslikken
swallowasmallquantity.Assoonasheshowedsignsoflifewe
wikkelden
wrappedhimupinblanketsandplacedhimneartheschoorsteen
chimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecoveredandatealittlesoup,whichrestoredhimwonderfully.
Twodayspassedinthis
manier
mannerbeforehewasabletospeak,andIoftenfearedthathissufferingshadberoofd
deprivedhimofunderstanding.Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyown
hut
cabinandattendedonhimasmuchasmydutywouldpermit.Ineversawamoreinterestingcreature:
hiseyeshave
algemeen
generallyanexpressionofwildness,andevenwaanzin
madness,buttherearemomentswhen,ifanyoneperformsanactofvriendelijkheid
kindnesstowardshimordoeshimanythemosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedup,asitwere,withastraal
beamofbenevolenceandsweetnessthatIneversawequalled.Butheis
algemeen
generallymelancholyanddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asifongeduldig
impatientoftheweightofwoesthatoppresseshim.WhenmyguestwasalittlerecoveredIhadgreattroubletokeepoffthemen,whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;