CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
Inthe
jaar
year1878ItookmydegreeofDokter
DoctorofMedicineoftheUniversityofLondon,en
andproceededtoNetleytoging
gothroughthecourseprescribedforsurgeonsinthearmy.Had
Havingcompletedmystudiesthere,Iwasdulyattachedtode
theFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthetime,
en
andbeforeIcouldjoinit,thetweede
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,Ilearned
dat
thatmycorpshadadvanceddoor
throughthepasses,andwasal
alreadydeepintheenemy’sland
country.Ifollowed,however,with
vele
manyotherofficerswhowereinthedezelfde
samesituationasmyself,andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,waar
whereIfoundmyregiment,en
andatonceentereduponmynieuwe
newduties.Thecampaignbroughthonours
en
andpromotiontomany,butformeithad
hadnothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
en
andattachedtotheBerkshires,met
withwhomIservedatde
thefatalbattleofMaiwand.Daar
ThereIwasstruckontheshoulderbyeen
aJezailbullet,whichshatteredtheboneen
andgrazedthesubclavianartery.Ishould
had
havefallenintothehandsofthemurderousGhazishad
haditnotbeenforthedevotionen
andcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,die
whothrewmeacrossapack-horse,en
andsucceededinbringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Worn
met
withpain,andweakfromtheprolongedhardshipsdie
whichIhadundergone,Iwasremoved,met
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tothebasehospitalatPeshawar.Hier
HereIrallied,andhadreeds
alreadyimprovedsofarastobein staat
abletowalkaboutthewards,en
andeventobaskabeetje
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckdownbyentericfever,die
thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
leven
lifewasdespairedof,andtoen
whenatlastIcametomyselfen
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweaken
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddetermineddat
thatnotadayshouldbeverloren
lostinsendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
en
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,met
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,maar
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthevolgende
nextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.I
had
hadneitherkithnorkininEngland,en
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—orasvrij
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingsen
andsixpenceadaywillpermitaman
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,that
grote
greatcesspoolintowhichallhet
theloungersandidlersofhet
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Daar
ThereIstayedforsometijd
timeataprivatehotelintheStrand,leadingeen
acomfortless,meaninglessexistence,andspendingsuchgeld
moneyasIhad,considerablymorefreelydan
thanIought.Soalarmingdidthestateofmyfinances
werd
become,thatIsoonrealizeddat
thatImusteitherleavethemetropolisen
andrusticatesomewhereinthecountry,of
orthatImustmakeacompletealterationinmystyleofwonen
living.Choosingthelatteralternative,Ibeganby
maken
makingupmymindtoverlaten
leavethehotel,andtotakeupmyquartersinaantal
somelesspretentiousandlessexpensivedomicile.On
de
theverydaythatIhadgekomen
cometothisconclusion,Iwasstond
standingattheCriterionBar,toen
whensomeonetappedmeonde
theshoulder,andturningroundIrecognizedjonge
youngStamford,whohadbeenadresseronder
undermeatBarts.Thesightof
een
afriendlyfaceinthegrote
greatwildernessofLondoniseen
apleasantthingindeedtoeen
alonelyman.InolddaysStamfordhad
nooit
neverbeenaparticularcronyofmine,maar
butnowIhailedhimmet
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhisbeurt
turn,appearedtobedelightedtozien
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,I
vroeg
askedhimtolunchwithmeatde
theHolborn,andwestartedoffsamen
togetherinahansom.“Whatever
heb
haveyoubeendoingwithyourself,Watson?”he
vroeg
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattleddoor
throughthecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
een
alathandasbrownaseen
anut.”Igavehim
een
ashortsketchofmyadventures,en
andhadhardlyconcludeditbyde
thetimethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
zei
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadgeluisterd
listenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”Ianswered.
“Tryingtosolvethe
probleem
problemastowhetheritismogelijk
possibletogetcomfortableroomsateen
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youare
de
thesecondmanto-daythathasgebruikt
usedthatexpressiontome.”“And
wie
whowasthefirst?”I
vroeg
asked.“Afellowwhois
werkt
workingatthechemicallaboratoryupathet
thehospital.Hewasbemoaninghimselfthismorning
omdat
becausehecouldnotgetiemand
someonetogohalveswithhiminaantal
someniceroomswhichhehad
hadfound,andwhichweretooveel
muchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
echt
reallywantssomeonetosharede
theroomsandtheexpense,Iamde
theverymanforhim.Ishouldprefer
heb
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Jonge
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeover
overhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
kent
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hezei
said;“perhapsyouwouldnotcareforhimas
een
aconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatis
er
thereagainsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
gezegd
saytherewasanythingagainsthem
him.Heisalittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastin
sommige
somebranchesofscience.AsfarasI
weet
knowheisadecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
zei
saidI.“No—Ihaveno
idee
ideawhatheintendstogoinfor.I
geloof
believeheiswellupinanatomy,en
andheisafirst-classchemist;maar
but,asfarasIweet
know,hehasnevertakenoutanysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesare
erg
verydesultoryandeccentric,butheheeft
hasamassedalotofout-of-thewayknowledgedie
whichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
nooit
neveraskhimwhathewasging
goinginfor?”Iasked.
“No;
heisnota
man
manthatitiseasytodrawout,thoughhekan
canbecommunicativeenoughwhende
thefancyseizeshim.”“Ishouldliketomeethim,”I
zei
said.“IfIamtolodge
met
withanyone,Ishouldprefereen
amanofstudiousandrustige
quiethabits.Iamnotstrong
genoeg
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseof
orexcitement.IhadenoughofbothinAfghanistantolastmefor
de
theremainderofmynaturalexistence.Hoe
HowcouldImeetthisvriend
friendofyours?”“Heis
zeker
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“Heeitheravoids
de
theplaceforweeks,orelsehewerkt
workstherefrommorningtoavond
night.Ifyoulike,weshall
rijden
driveroundtogetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”Ianswered,
en
andtheconversationdriftedawayintoandere
otherchannels.Aswemadeour
weg
waytothehospitalafterverlaten
leavingtheHolborn,Stamfordgavemeeen
afewmoreparticularsaboutthegentlemanwhomIproposedtonemen
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
als
ifyoudon’tgetonmet
withhim,”hesaid;“I
weet
knownothingmoreofhimdan
thanIhavelearnedfromontmoeten
meetinghimoccasionallyinthelaboratory.Youproposed
deze
thisarrangement,soyoumustnothouden
holdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’tgetonitwillbeeasytopartcompany,”Ianswered.
“Itseemsto
me
me,Stamford,”Iadded,lookingharde
hardatmycompanion,“thatyouhebt
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsofde
thematter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
of
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthed
over
aboutit.”“Itisnoteasytoexpresstheinexpressible,”heanswered
met
withalaugh.“Holmesis
een
alittletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
kan
couldimaginehisgivingavriend
friendalittlepinchofde
thelatestvegetablealkaloid,notuit
outofmalevolence,youunderstand,maar
butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertohebben
haveanaccurateideaofde
theeffects.Todohimjustice,I
denk
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfmet
withthesamereadiness.Heappearsto
hebben
haveapassionfordefiniteen
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
maar
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Als
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomsmet
withastick,itiscertainlyneemt
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beatingthesubjects!”
“Yes,toverifyhowfarbruises
kunnen
maybeproducedafterdeath.I
zag
sawhimatitwithmyeigen
owneyes.”“Andyetyou
zeg
sayheisnotamedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
weet
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiesare.Maar
Buthereweare,andyoumoet
mustformyourownimpressionsover
abouthim.”Ashespoke,we
draaiden
turneddownanarrowlaneen
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,die
whichopenedintoawingofhet
thegreathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
mij
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircaseen
andmadeourwaydownthelange
longcorridorwithitsvistaofwhitewashedwallen
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
uiteinde
endalowarchedpassagebranchedawayfromiten
andledtothechemicallaboratory.Dit
Thiswasaloftychamber,lineden
andlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescattered
over
about,whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,en
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Er
Therewasonlyonestudentinde
theroom,whowasbendingover
overadistanttableabsorbedinhiswerk
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
en
andsprangtohisfeetmet
withacryofpleasure.“I’ve
gevonden
foundit!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,runningtowardsus
met
withatest-tubeinhishand
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
die
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,en
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
een
agoldmine,greaterdelightkunnen
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”
zei
saidStamford,introducingus.“Howareyou?”
he
zei
saidcordially,grippingmyhandmet
withastrengthforwhichImoeten
shouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit.“YouhavebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”
“Howonearthdidyou
wist
knowthat?”Iaskedinastonishment.
“Nevermind,”
zei
saidhe,chucklingtohimself.“The
vraag
questionnowisabouthæmoglobin.Nodoubtyou
ziet
seethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”“Itisinteresting,chemically,nodoubt,”Ianswered,“butpractically——”.
“Why,
man
man,itisthemostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
zie
seethatitgivesuseen
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Kom
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmeby
de
thecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,en
anddrewmeovertode
thetableatwhichhehad
hadbeenworking.“Letushavesomefreshblood,”he
zei
said,diggingalongbodkinintohisfinger,en
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofbloed
bloodinachemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
deze
thissmallquantityofbloodtoeen
alitreofwater.Youperceive
dat
thattheresultingmixturehashet
theappearanceofpurewater.Het
Theproportionofbloodcannotbemeer
morethanoneinamiljoen
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,
dat
thatweshallbeabletoobtainde
thecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
sprak
spoke,hethrewintothevesseleen
afewwhitecrystals,andthenaddedsomedropsofeen
atransparentfluid.Inaninstant
de
thecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,en
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtode
thebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
en
andlookingasdelightedaseen
achildwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyou
denk
thinkofthat?”“Itseemstobe
een
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
beautiful!
De
TheoldGuiacumtestwaserg
veryclumsyanduncertain.Sois
het
themicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.De
Thelatterisvaluelessifde
thestainsareafewhoursoud
old.Now,thisappearstoactas
goed
wellwhetherthebloodisoud
oldornew.Hadthistestbeeninvented,
er
therearehundredsofmennu
nowwalkingtheearthwhozouden
wouldlongagohavepaidde
thepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhingingupon
dat
thatonepoint.Amanissuspectedof
een
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithebben
hasbeencommitted.Hislinen
of
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponthem.Aretheybloodstains,
of
ormudstains,orruststains,of
orfruitstains,orwhatareze
they?Thatisaquestionwhich
heeft
haspuzzledmanyanexpert,en
andwhy?Becausetherewas
geen
noreliabletest.Nowwe
hebben
havetheSherlockHolmes’test,en
andtherewillnolongerbeanydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashe
sprak
spoke,andheputhishand
handoverhisheartandbowedasiftosomeapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewas
de
thecaseofVonBischoffatFrankfortlastjaar
year.Hewouldcertainlyhavebeenhunghad
deze
thistestbeeninexistence.Then
er
therewasMasonofBradford,en
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,en
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
kunnen
couldnameascoreofcasesinwaarin
whichitwouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobe
een
awalkingcalendarofcrime,”zei
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
kunnen
mightstartapaperonthoselines.Noem
Callitthe‘PoliceNewsofthePast.’”.“Veryinteresting
lezen
readingitmightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickingeen
asmallpieceofplasterovertheprickonhisfinger.“I
heb
havetobecareful,”hecontinued,draaide
turningtomewithasmile,“forIdabblemet
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheld
uit
outhishandashesprak
spoke,andInoticedthatitwasallmottledovermet
withsimilarpiecesofplaster,en
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“Wecame
hier
hereonbusiness,”saidStamford,zittend
sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,en
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectionmet
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
hier
herewantstotakediggings,en
andasyouwerecomplainingdat
thatyoucouldgetnoonetogaan
gohalveswithyou,Idacht
thoughtthatIhadbetterbrengen
bringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedat
het
theideaofsharinghisroomsmet
withme.“Ihavemyeyeon
een
asuiteinBakerStreet,”hezei
said,“whichwouldsuitusdowntode
theground.Youdon’tmind
de
thesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“I
altijd
alwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Ianswered.“That’s
goed
goodenough.Igenerallyhavechemicals
over
about,andoccasionallydoexperiments.Zou
Wouldthatannoyyou?”“By
geen
nomeans.”“Letmesee—whataremy
andere
othershortcomings.Igetinthedumpsattimes,
en
anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.You
moet
mustnotthinkIamsulkyals
whenIdothat.Just
laat
letmealone,andI’llsnel
soonberight.Whathaveyoutoconfess
nu
now?It’sjustaswellfor
twee
twofellowstoknowtheworstofoneanothervoordat
beforetheybegintolivetogether.”Ilaughedat
dit
thiscross-examination.“Ikeepabullpup,”I
zei
said,“andIobjecttorowsomdat
becausemynervesareshaken,en
andIgetupatallsortsofungodlyhours,en
andIamextremelylazy.I
heb
haveanothersetofvicesals
whenI’mwell,butthosearede
theprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
vroeg
asked,anxiously.“Itdependson
de
theplayer,”Ianswered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatfor
de
thegods—abadly-playedone——”.“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
met
withamerrylaugh.“I
denk
thinkwemayconsiderthezaak
thingassettled—thatis,ifde
theroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
zien
seethem?”“Callformehereatnoonto-morrow,
en
andwe’llgotogetherandsettleeverything,”heanswered.“Allright—noonexactly,”
zei
saidI,shakinghishand.We
lieten
lefthimworkingamonghischemicals,en
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
vroeg
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucedidhewist
knowthatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
een
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthis
kleine
littlepeculiarity,”hesaid.“Agood
veel
manypeoplehavewantedtoweten
knowhowhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
een
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
erg
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyoufor
gebracht
bringingustogether.‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
moet
muststudyhim,then,”Stamfordzei
said,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
vinden
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhe
leert
learnsmoreaboutyouthanyouover
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.
De
THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.