PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
awoman—whatthen?Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
alle
allphilosophers,insofarastheyhar
havebeendogmatists,havefailedtoforstå
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessog
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhar
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoSandheden
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsforvinde
winningawoman?Certainlyshe
har
hasneverallowedherselftobevundet
won;andatpresentevery
form
kindofdogmastandswithtrist
sadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstår
standsatall!Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
alle
alldogmaliesontheground—naymere
more,thatitisatitssidste
lastgasp.Buttospeak
alvorligt
seriously,therearegoodgroundsforhåbe
hopingthatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,uanset
whateversolemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithar
hasassumed,mayhavebeenonlyen
anoblepuerilismandtyronism;og
andprobablythetimeisathandda
whenitwillbeonceog
andagainunderstoodWHAThasfaktisk
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposingog
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshar
havehithertoreared:perhapssome
populære
popularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheform
formofsubject-andego-superstition,
har
hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):måske
perhapssomeplayuponwords,abedrag
deceptiononthepartofgrammar,eller
oranaudaciousgeneralizationofmeget
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filosofi
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonlyet
apromiseforthousandsofyearsbagefter
afterwards,aswasastrologyinstilltidligere
earliertimes,intheserviceofder
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,og
andpatiencehavebeenspentend
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:we
skylder
owetoit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaog
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarkitektur
architecture.Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hjerte
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,alle
allgreatthingshavefirsttovandre
wanderabouttheearthasenormousog
andawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmaticphilosophy
har
hasbeenacaricatureofdenne
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantalære
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEuropa
Europe.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
må
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheværste
worst,themosttiresome,andthemest
mostdangerousoferrorshithertohar
hasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sopfindelse
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGode
GoodinItself.Butnow
når
whenithasbeensurmounted,når
whenEurope,ridofthismareridt
nightmare,canagaindrawbreathfrit
freelyandatleastenjoyen
ahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofal
allthestrengthwhichthestrugglemod
againstthiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sandheden
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thegrundlæggende
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofÅnden
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofdem
them;indeedonemightask,asa
læge
physician:"Howdidsuchamalady
angribe
attackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?Havde
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorruptedham
him?WasSocratesafterall
en
acorrupterofyouths,andfortjente
deservedhishemlock?"Butthestruggle
mod
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,og
andforthe"people"—thestrugglemod
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofKristendommen
Christianity(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORDen
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeen
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashavde
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;med
withsuchatenselystrainedbue
bowonecannowaimatde
thefurthestgoals.Asamatterof
faktisk
fact,theEuropeanfeelsthisspænding
tensionasastateofnød
distress,andtwiceattemptshavebeengjort
madeingrandstyletounbendthebuen
bow:oncebymeansofJesuitism,
og
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemokratisk
democraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepressog
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutat
thatthespiritwouldnotsolet
easilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermans
opfandt
inventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!men
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyopfandt
inventedprinting.)Butwe,whoare
hverken
neitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norendda
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,og
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehar
haveitstill,allthenød
distressofspiritandallthespænding
tensionofitsbow!And
måske
perhapsalsothearrow,theduty,og
and,whoknows?THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapitel
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS1.
Den
TheWilltoTruth,whichistofriste
temptustomanyafarlige
hazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofsom
whichallphilosophershavehithertospokenmed
withrespect,whatquestionshasdenne
thisWilltoTruthnotlagt
laidbeforeus!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
allerede
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwere
næppe
hardlycommenced.Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
mister
losepatience,andturnimpatientlyvæk
away?ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
stille
askquestionsourselves?WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
her
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
os
us?Infactwemadealonghaltatthe
spørgsmål
questionastotheoriginofdenne
thisWill—untilatlastwekom
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforeaendnu
yetmorefundamentalquestion.We
spurgte
inquiredabouttheVALUEofdette
thisWill.Grantedthatwe
vil
wantthetruth:WHYNOT
Snarere
RATHERuntruth?Anduncertainty?
Even
uvidenhed
ignorance?Theproblemofthe
værdi
valueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitweder
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?WhichofusistheOedipus
her
here?WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
ser ud
seemtobearendezvousofquestionsog
andnotesofinterrogation.And
kunne
coulditbebelievedthatitatvar
lastseemstousasiftheproblemhadaldrig
neverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifweweretheførste
firsttodiscernit,getet
asightofit,andRISKRejse
RAISINGit?Forthereis
risiko
riskinraisingit,perhapsder
thereisnogreaterrisk.2.
"HOW
Kunne
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsmodsatte
opposite?Forexample,truthoutof
fejl
error?ortheWillto
Sandhed
Truthoutofthewilltobedrag
deception?orthegenerousdeed
ud
outofselfishness?orthe
rene
puresun-brightvisionofthewisemand
manoutofcovetousness?Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
drømmer
dreamsofitisafool,nay,værre
worsethanafool;thingsofthehighest
værdi
valuemusthaveadifferentoprindelse
origin,anoriginofTHEIRown—indenne
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltryverden
world,inthisturmoilofvildfarelse
delusionandcupidity,theycannothave
havetheirsource.Butratherinthe
skød
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedGud
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirkilde
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningafslører
disclosesthetypicalprejudicebyder
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimeskan
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogiske
logicalprocedure;throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
noget
somethingthatisintheendhøjtideligt
solemnlychristened"theTruth."The
grundlæggende
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisDen
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.It
aldrig
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubther
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,wasmest
mostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmade
et
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Forit
kan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesfindes
existatall;andsecondly,
om
whetherthepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicianshar
havesettheirseal,arenotmåske
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeingsandsynligvis
probablymadefromsomecorner,måske
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,tolåne
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.In
trods
spiteofallthevaluewhichmaytilhøre
belongtothetrue,thepositive
positive,andtheunselfish,itkan
mightbepossiblethatahøjere
higherandmorefundamentalvalueforlifegenerelt
generallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltoillusion
delusion,toselfishness,andcupidity.It
kan
mightevenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegode
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslybeslægtede
related,knotted,andcrochetedtotheseonde
evilandapparentlyopposedthings—perhapsendda
eveninbeingessentiallyidenticalmed
withthem.Perhaps!
Butwho
ønsker
wishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchfarlige
dangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationone
må
mustawaittheadventofany
neworderofphilosophers,suchasvil
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthefarlige
dangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheudtrykket
term.Andtospeakin
al
allseriousness,Iseesuchnye
newphilosophersbeginningtoappear.3.
Have
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,og
andhavingreadbetweentheirlineslænge
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreaterdel
partofconsciousthinkingmustbetælle
countedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,og
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;man
onehasheretolearnanew,asman
onelearnedanewaboutheredityog
and"innateness."Aslittleas
det
theactofbirthcomesintobetragtning
considerationinthewholeprocessog
andprocedureofheredity,justaslidt
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtodet
theinstinctiveinanydecisiveforstand
sense;thegreaterpartof
den
theconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherishemmeligt
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,og
andforcedintodefinitechannels.Og
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsuverænitet
sovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,eller
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,fordet
themaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForeksempel
example,thatthecertainisværd
worthmorethantheuncertain,thatillusionismindre
lessvaluablethan"truth"suchvaluations,introds
spiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforOs
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlyoverfladiske
superficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryfordet
themaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,
at
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessof
en
anopinionisnotforusanyindvending
objectiontoit:itis
her
here,perhaps,thatournewsprog
languagesoundsmoststrangely.Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
måske
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearegrundlæggende
fundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethemest
mostindispensabletous,thatuden
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,uden
withoutacomparisonofrealitymed
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsoluteog
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingoftheverden
worldbymeansofnumbers,mankunne
couldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionsville
wouldbearenunciationofliv
life,anegationoflife.TO
Anerkende
RECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;thatis
sikkert
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofværdi
valueinadangerousmanner,og
andaphilosophywhichventurestogøre
doso,hastherebyaloneplaceret
placeditselfbeyondgoodandondt
evil.5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
betragtet
regardedhalf-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeatedopdagelse
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howofte
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakesog
andlosetheirway,inshort,howbarnlige
childishandchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnotnok
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereastheyalle
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcrynår
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessisendda
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.They
alle
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeenopdaget
discoveredandattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofen
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialecticI
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairerog
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,en
aprejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerelt
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstractedog
andrefined,isdefendedbythemmed
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.Theyare
alle
alladvocateswhodonotønsker
wishtoberegardedassuch,generelt
generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andMeget
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichmodigt
bravelyadmitsthistoitself,meget
veryfarfromhavingthegode
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgår
goessofarastolade
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstoadvare
warnfriendorfoe,orinmunter
cheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamle
oldKant,equallystiffandanstændig
decent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatfører
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile
smile,wewhofindnolille
smallamusementinspyingoutthesubtile
subtletricksofoldmoralistsog
andethicalpreachers.Or,still
mere
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform
form,bymeansofwhichSpinozahar
has,asitwere,cladhisfilosofi
philosophyinmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"tooversætte
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytoslå
striketerroratonceintothehjertet
heartoftheassailantwhoskulle
shoulddaretocastablik
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmeget
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoesdenne
thismasqueradeofasicklyrecluseforråder
betray!6.
Ithasgradually
blevet
becomecleartomewhathver
everygreatphilosophyuptillnu
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,og
andaspeciesofinvoluntaryog
andunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreover
at
thatthemoral(orimmoral)formål
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthesande
truevitalgermoutofsom
whichtheentireplanthasaltid
alwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstand
hvordan
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofen
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisaltid
alwayswell(andwise)toførst
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
sigter
aimat?"Accordingly,Idonot
tror
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;men
butthatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,har
hasonlymadeuseofviden
knowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)as
et
aninstrument.Butwhoeverconsidersthe
grundlæggende
fundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtoafgøre
determininghowfartheymayhaveher
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENIIEller
(orasdemonsandcobolds),vil
willfindthattheyhavealle
allpracticedphilosophyatonetidspunkt
timeoranother,andthathver
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonlyfor
toogladtolookuponitselfastheultimative
ultimateendofexistenceandthelegitime
legitimateLORDoveralltheotherimpulses.Forevery
impuls
impulseisimperious,andasSådan
SUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobe
sikker
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthetilfælde
caseofreallyscientificmen,itkan
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouvil
will;theretheremayreallybe
sådan
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"someslags
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,når
whenwellwoundup,worksvæk
awayindustriouslytothatend,Uden
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestager
takinganymaterialparttherein.Den
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,derfor
therefore,aregenerallyinquiteanden
anotherdirection—inthefamily,perhaps,eller
orinmoney-making,orinpolitik
politics;itis,infact,
næsten
almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhislille
littlemachineisplaced,andom
whetherthehopefulyoungworkerbliver
becomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,eller
orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
blive
becomingthisorthat.Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,
der
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;og
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnisheset
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyastoHvem
WHOHEIS,—thatistosige
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnatur
naturestandtoeachother.7.
Hvor
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!I
kender
knowofnothingmorestingingend
thanthejokeEpicurustookden
thelibertyofmakingonPlatoog
andthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
oprindelige
originalsense,andonthefaceofit,theordet
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesog
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisas
meget
muchastosay,"Theyarealle
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuineom
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopularnavn
nameforanactor).And
den
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruskastede
castuponPlato:hewas
irriteret
annoyedbythegrandiosemanner,den
themiseenscenestyleofsom
whichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—ofsom
whichEpicuruswasnotamester
master!He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
sad
satconcealedinhislittlehave
gardenatAthens,andwrotetre
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofvrede
rageandambitiousenvyofPlato,whoved
knows!Greecetookahundredyearsto
finde
findoutwhothegarden-godEpicurusvirkelig
reallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
et
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;eller
or,toputitinthewordsofet
anancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
ønsker
desiretoLIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,you
ædle
nobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!Forestil
Imaginetoyourselvesabeingsom
likeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,uden
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutmedlidenhed
pityorjustice,atoncefruitfulog
andbarrenanduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Ligegyldighed
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyouleve
liveinaccordancewithsuchligegyldighed
indifference?Tolive—isnotthat
bare
justendeavouringtobeotherwiseend
thanthisNature?Isnot
leve
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beingbegrænset
limited,endeavouringtobedifferent?Og
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingoverensstemmelse
accordingtoNature,"meansactuallydet
thesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howkunne
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?Why
skulle
shouldyoumakeaprincipleud
outofwhatyouyourselvesare,og
andmustbe?Inreality,
men
however,itisquiteotherwisemed
withyou:whileyoupretendto
læse
readwithrapturethecanonofyourlov
lawinNature,youwantsomethingquitedet
thecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersog
andself-deluders!Inyourprideyou
ønsker
wishtodictateyourmoralsog
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,og
andtoincorporatethemtherein;you
insisterer
insistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"og
andwouldlikeeverythingtobelavet
madeafteryourownimage,asen
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!Med
Withallyourloveforsandheden
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvessolænge
long,sopersistently,andwithsådan
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatistosige
say,Stoically,thatyouareikke
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtokrone
crownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgiver
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethatFordi
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeover
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewillogså
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover
over:isnottheStoic
en
aPARTofNature?...Butthisis
en
anoldandeverlastingstory:what
sker
happenedinoldtimeswithdet
theStoicsstillhappenstoday,assnart
soonaseveraphilosophybegynder
beginstobelieveinitself.It
altid
alwayscreatestheworldinitseget
ownimage;itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
denne
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,themest
mostspiritualWilltoPower,den
thewillto"creationofden
theworld,"thewilltoden
thecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
og
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensige
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"thevirkelige
realandtheapparentworld"isdealtmed
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesmad
foodforthoughtandattention;og
andhewhohearsonlyen
a"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,og
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyprale
boastofthesharpestears.In
sjældne
rareandisolatedcases,itkan
mayreallyhavehappenedthatsådan
suchaWilltoTruth—acertainextravagantog
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambition
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:thatwhichin
den
theendalwaysprefersahåndfuld
handfulof"certainty"toahel
wholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;there
kan
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofsamvittighed
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirsidste
lasttrustinasurenothing,snarere
ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.Men
ButthatisNihilism,andthetegn
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsjæl
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsådan
suchavirtuemaydisplay.Itseems,
men
however,tobeotherwisewithstærkere
strongerandlivelierthinkerswhoarestadig
stilleagerforlife.InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
og
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrangerer
rankthecredibilityoftheiregne
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearthstår
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,tillader
allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestbesiddelse
possessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresenttror
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—whoved
knowsiftheyarenotvirkelig
reallytryingtowinbacknoget
somethingwhichwasformerlyanendnu
evensecurerpossession,somethingofthegamle
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,måske
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"thegamle
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheykunne
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,mere
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,end
thanby"modernideas"?ThereisDISTRUSTofthese
moderne
modernideasinthismodeofse
lookingatthings,adisbeliefinalt
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterdayog
andtoday;thereisperhapssome
lille
slightadmixtureofsatietyandforagt
scorn,whichcannolongerudholde
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofden
themostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentkaster
throwsonthemarket;a
afsky
disgustofthemorerefinedsmag
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessog
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomder
thereisnothingeitherneweller
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.Thereinit
synes
seemstomethatwebør
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realistsog
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentdag
day;theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Moderne
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...what
gøre
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcernos
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
ønsker
wishtogo"back,"butthattheyønsker
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.A
lidt
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,og
andartisticpower,andtheyville
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
It
synes
seemstomethatthereisoveralt
everywhereanattemptatpresenttoaflede
divertattentionfromtheactualindflydelse
influencewhichKantexercisedonGermanfilosofi
philosophy,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlytheværdi
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.Kantwas
først
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;med
withitinhishandhesagde
said:"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthat
kan
couldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."Lad
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!Hewas
stolt
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDany
newfacultyinman,thefacultyofsyntheticdom
judgmentapriori.Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
denne
thismatter;thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhis
stolthed
pride,andontheeagerrivalryofden
theyoungergenerationtodiscoverifmuligt
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofsom
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
spørger
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhissvar
answer?"BYMEANSOFA
Men
MEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotinfem
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,og
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundityog
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogethermister
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolveret
involvedinsuchananswer.Folk
Peoplewerebesidethemselveswithdelightover
overthisnewfaculty,anddet
thejubilationreacheditsclimaxda
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfakultet
facultyinman—foratthattidspunkt
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notendnu
yetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhårde
hardfact."Thencamethe
bryllupsrejse
honeymoonofGermanphilosophy.All
de
theyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutiongik
wentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."Og
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatuskyldige
innocent,rich,andstillyouthfulperiode
periodoftheGermanspirit,tosom
whichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,pipedog
andsang,whenonecouldnotendnu
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!Aboveall
en
afacultyforthe"transcendental";Schellingchristenedit,intellectual
intuition
intuition,andtherebygratifiedthemest
mostearnestlongingsofthenaturligt
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecan
gøre
donogreaterwrongtothehele
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricbevægelse
movement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitforklædte
disguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoaryog
andsenileconceptions),thantotage
takeitseriously,orevenbehandle
treatitwithmoralindignation.Enough,however—the
verden
worldgrewolder,andthedreamforsvandt
vanished.Atimecamewhen
folk
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andtheystadig
stillrubthemtoday.People
havde
hadbeendreaming,andfirstog
andforemost—oldKant."Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,eller
oratleastmeanttosige
say.But,isthat—ananswer?
En
Anexplanation?Orisitnot
snarere
rathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?Hvordan
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,svarer
repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.Men
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,og
anditishightimetoerstatte
replacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"by
et andet
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshouldforstår
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbetro
believedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreaturessom
likeourselves;thoughtheystill
kan
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!Eller
Or,moreplainlyspoken,andgroft
roughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsaprioribør
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;we
har
havenorighttothem;inourmouthstheyare
intet
nothingbutfalsejudgments.Only,of
selvfølgelig
course,thebeliefintheirsandhed
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebeliefog
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.Og
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousindflydelse
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouforstår
understanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthehele
wholeofEurope,thereisingen
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhaden
ashareinit;thankstoGerman
filosofi
philosophy,itwasadelighttotheædle
nobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,og
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofalle
allnations,tofindanmodgift
antidotetothestilloverwhelmingsensualismder
whichoverflowedfromthelastårhundrede
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...