Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Danish A1-B2 Learners

Beyond Good and Evil | Progressive Translation Books for Danish A1-B2 Learners

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
a
woman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
alle
all
philosophers,insofarasthey
har
have
beendogmatists,havefailedto
forstå
understand
women—thattheterribleseriousness
og
and
clumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
har
have
usuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Sandheden
Truth
,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
vinde
winning
awoman?
Certainlyshe
har
has
neverallowedherselftobe
vundet
won
;
andatpresentevery
form
kind
ofdogmastandswith
trist
sad
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,it
står
stands
atall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
alle
all
dogmaliesontheground—nay
mere
more
,thatitisatits
sidste
last
gasp.
Buttospeak
alvorligt
seriously
,therearegoodgroundsfor
håbe
hoping
thatalldogmatizinginphilosophy,
uanset
whatever
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsit
har
has
assumed,mayhavebeenonly
en
a
noblepuerilismandtyronism;
og
and
probablythetimeisathand
da
when
itwillbeonce
og
and
againunderstoodWHAThas
faktisk
actually
sufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
og
and
absolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
har
have
hithertoreared:
perhapssome
populære
popular
superstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,inthe
form
form
ofsubject-
andego-superstition,
har
has
notyetceaseddoingmischief):
måske
perhaps
someplayuponwords,a
bedrag
deception
onthepartofgrammar,
eller
or
anaudaciousgeneralizationof
meget
very
restricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
The
filosofi
philosophy
ofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasonly
et
a
promiseforthousandsofyears
bagefter
afterwards
,aswasastrologyinstill
tidligere
earlier
times,intheserviceof
der
which
probablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
og
and
patiencehavebeenspent
end
than
onanyactualsciencehitherto:
we
skylder
owe
toit,andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
og
and
Egypt,thegrandstyleof
arkitektur
architecture
.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hjerte
heart
ofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
alle
all
greatthingshavefirstto
vandre
wander
abouttheearthasenormous
og
and
awe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
har
has
beenacaricatureof
denne
this
kind—forinstance,theVedanta
lære
doctrine
inAsia,andPlatonismin
Europa
Europe
.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
must
certainlybeconfessedthatthe
værste
worst
,themosttiresome,andthe
mest
most
dangerousoferrorshitherto
har
has
beenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato's
opfindelse
invention
ofPureSpiritandthe
Gode
Good
inItself.
Butnow
når
when
ithasbeensurmounted,
når
when
Europe,ridofthis
mareridt
nightmare
,canagaindrawbreath
frit
freely
andatleastenjoy
en
a
healthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
al
all
thestrengthwhichthestruggle
mod
against
thiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sandheden
truth
,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—the
grundlæggende
fundamental
condition—oflife,tospeakof
Ånden
Spirit
andtheGoodasPlatospokeof
dem
them
;
indeedonemightask,asa
læge
physician
:
"Howdidsuchamalady
angribe
attack
thatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Havde
Had
thewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
ham
him
?
WasSocratesafterall
en
a
corrupterofyouths,and
fortjente
deserved
hishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
mod
against
Plato,or—tospeakplainer,
og
and
forthe"people"—thestruggle
mod
against
theecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsof
Kristendommen
Christianity
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Den
THE
"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
en
a
magnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
havde
had
notexistedanywherepreviously;
med
with
suchatenselystrained
bue
bow
onecannowaimat
de
the
furthestgoals.
Asamatterof
faktisk
fact
,theEuropeanfeelsthis
spænding
tension
asastateof
nød
distress
,andtwiceattemptshavebeen
gjort
made
ingrandstyletounbendthe
buen
bow
:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
og
and
thesecondtimebymeansof
demokratisk
democratic
enlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
og
and
newspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitabout
at
that
thespiritwouldnotso
let
easily
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermans
opfandt
invented
gunpowder—allcredittothem!
men
but
theyagainmadethingssquare—they
opfandt
invented
printing.)
Butwe,whoare
hverken
neither
Jesuits,nordemocrats,nor
endda
even
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
og
and
free,VERYfreespirits—we
har
have
itstill,allthe
nød
distress
ofspiritandallthe
spænding
tension
ofitsbow!
And
måske
perhaps
alsothearrow,theduty,
og
and
,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
Kapitel
CHAPTER
I.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
Den
The
WilltoTruth,whichisto
friste
tempt
ustomanya
farlige
hazardous
enterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessof
som
which
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
med
with
respect,whatquestionshas
denne
this
WilltoTruthnot
lagt
laid
beforeus!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
allerede
already
alongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwere
næppe
hardly
commenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
mister
lose
patience,andturnimpatiently
væk
away
?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
stille
ask
questionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
her
here
?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
os
us
?
Infactwemadealonghaltatthe
spørgsmål
question
astotheoriginof
denne
this
Will—untilatlastwe
kom
came
toanabsolutestandstillbeforea
endnu
yet
morefundamentalquestion.
We
spurgte
inquired
abouttheVALUEof
dette
this
Will.
Grantedthatwe
vil
want
thetruth:
WHYNOT
Snarere
RATHER
untruth?
Anduncertainty?
Even
uvidenhed
ignorance
?
Theproblemofthe
værdi
value
oftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
der
who
presentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
her
here
?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
ser ud
seem
tobearendezvousofquestions
og
and
notesofinterrogation.
And
kunne
could
itbebelievedthatitat
var
last
seemstousasiftheproblemhad
aldrig
never
beenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethe
første
first
todiscernit,get
et
a
sightofit,andRISK
Rejse
RAISING
it?
Forthereis
risiko
risk
inraisingit,perhaps
der
there
isnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Kunne
COULD
anythingoriginateoutofits
modsatte
opposite
?
Forexample,truthoutof
fejl
error
?
ortheWillto
Sandhed
Truth
outofthewillto
bedrag
deception
?
orthegenerousdeed
ud
out
ofselfishness?
orthe
rene
pure
sun-brightvisionofthewise
mand
man
outofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
drømmer
dreams
ofitisafool,nay,
værre
worse
thanafool;
thingsofthehighest
værdi
value
musthaveadifferent
oprindelse
origin
,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
denne
this
transitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
verden
world
,inthisturmoilof
vildfarelse
delusion
andcupidity,theycannot
have
have
theirsource.
Butratherinthe
skød
lap
ofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Gud
God
,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheir
kilde
source
,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoning
afslører
discloses
thetypicalprejudiceby
der
which
metaphysiciansofalltimes
kan
can
berecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheir
logiske
logical
procedure;
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
noget
something
thatisintheend
højtideligt
solemnly
christened"theTruth."
The
grundlæggende
fundamental
beliefofmetaphysiciansis
Den
THE
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
aldrig
never
occurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
her
here
ontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
mest
most
necessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
et
a
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kan
may
bedoubted,firstly,whetherantitheses
findes
exist
atall;
andsecondly,
om
whether
thepopularvaluationsandantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
har
have
settheirseal,arenot
måske
perhaps
merelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
sandsynligvis
probably
madefromsomecorner,
måske
perhaps
frombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,to
låne
borrow
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
In
trods
spite
ofallthevaluewhichmay
tilhøre
belong
tothetrue,the
positive
positive
,andtheunselfish,it
kan
might
bepossiblethata
højere
higher
andmorefundamentalvalueforlife
generelt
generally
shouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewillto
illusion
delusion
,toselfishness,andcupidity.
It
kan
might
evenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
gode
good
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiously
beslægtede
related
,knotted,andcrochetedtothese
onde
evil
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhaps
endda
even
inbeingessentiallyidentical
med
with
them.
Perhaps!
Butwho
ønsker
wishes
toconcernhimselfwithsuch
farlige
dangerous
"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
must
awaittheadventofa
ny
new
orderofphilosophers,suchas
vil
will
haveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthe
farlige
dangerous
"Perhaps"ineverysenseofthe
udtrykket
term
.
Andtospeakin
al
all
seriousness,Iseesuch
nye
new
philosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Have
Having
keptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
og
and
havingreadbetweentheirlines
længe
long
enough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
del
part
ofconsciousthinkingmustbe
tælle
counted
amongtheinstinctivefunctions,
og
and
itissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
man
one
hasheretolearnanew,as
man
one
learnedanewaboutheredity
og
and
"innateness."
Aslittleas
det
the
actofbirthcomesinto
betragtning
consideration
inthewholeprocess
og
and
procedureofheredity,justas
lidt
little
is"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
det
the
instinctiveinanydecisive
forstand
sense
;
thegreaterpartof
den
the
consciousthinkingofaphilosopheris
hemmeligt
secretly
influencedbyhisinstincts,
og
and
forcedintodefinitechannels.
Og
And
behindalllogicanditsseeming
suverænitet
sovereignty
ofmovement,therearevaluations,
eller
or
tospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,for
det
the
maintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeFor
eksempel
example
,thatthecertainis
værd
worth
morethantheuncertain,thatillusionis
mindre
less
valuablethan"truth"suchvaluations,in
trods
spite
oftheirregulativeimportancefor
Os
US
,mightnotwithstandingbeonly
overfladiske
superficial
valuations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryfor
det
the
maintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
at
that
manisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
en
an
opinionisnotforusany
indvending
objection
toit:
itis
her
here
,perhaps,thatournew
sprog
language
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
måske
perhaps
species-rearing,andweare
grundlæggende
fundamentally
inclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
mest
most
indispensabletous,that
uden
without
arecognitionoflogicalfictions,
uden
without
acomparisonofreality
med
with
thepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
og
and
immutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
verden
world
bymeansofnumbers,man
kunne
could
notlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
ville
would
bearenunciationof
liv
life
,anegationoflife.
TO
Anerkende
RECOGNISE
UNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
sikkert
certainly
toimpugnthetraditionalideasof
værdi
value
inadangerousmanner,
og
and
aphilosophywhichventuresto
gøre
do
so,hastherebyalone
placeret
placed
itselfbeyondgoodand
ondt
evil
.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstobe
betragtet
regarded
half-distrustfullyandhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeated
opdagelse
discovery
howinnocenttheyare—how
ofte
often
andeasilytheymakemistakes
og
and
losetheirway,inshort,how
barnlige
childish
andchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
nok
enough
honestdealingwiththem,whereasthey
alle
all
raisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
når
when
theproblemoftruthfulnessis
endda
even
hintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
alle
all
poseasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeen
opdaget
discovered
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
en
a
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
I
(in
contrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
og
and
foolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,
en
a
prejudicedproposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichis
generelt
generally
theirheart'sdesireabstracted
og
and
refined,isdefendedbythem
med
with
argumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
alle
all
advocateswhodonot
ønsker
wish
toberegardedassuch,
generelt
generally
astutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Meget
VERY
farfromhavingtheconsciencewhich
modigt
bravely
admitsthistoitself,
meget
very
farfromhavingthe
gode
good
tasteofthecouragewhich
går
goes
sofarasto
lade
let
thisbeunderstood,perhapsto
advare
warn
friendorfoe,orin
munter
cheerful
confidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamle
old
Kant,equallystiffand
anstændig
decent
,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthat
fører
lead
(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousones
smile
smile
,wewhofindno
lille
small
amusementinspyingoutthe
subtile
subtle
tricksofoldmoralists
og
and
ethicalpreachers.
Or,still
mere
more
so,thehocus-pocusinmathematical
form
form
,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
har
has
,asitwere,cladhis
filosofi
philosophy
inmailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"to
oversætte
translate
thetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebyto
slå
strike
terroratonceintothe
hjertet
heart
oftheassailantwho
skulle
should
daretocasta
blik
glance
onthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
meget
much
ofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
denne
this
masqueradeofasicklyrecluse
forråder
betray
!
6.
Ithasgradually
blevet
become
cleartomewhat
hver
every
greatphilosophyuptill
nu
now
hasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
og
and
aspeciesofinvoluntary
og
and
unconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
at
that
themoral(orimmoral)
formål
purpose
ineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthe
sande
true
vitalgermoutof
som
which
theentireplanthas
altid
always
grown.
Indeed,tounderstand
hvordan
how
theabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
en
a
philosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
altid
always
well(andwise)to
først
first
askoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)
sigter
aim
at?"
Accordingly,Idonot
tror
believe
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthefatherofphilosophy;
men
but
thatanotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,
har
has
onlymadeuseof
viden
knowledge
(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
et
an
instrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
grundlæggende
fundamental
impulsesofmanwithaviewto
afgøre
determining
howfartheymayhave
her
here
actedasINSPIRINGGENII
Eller
(or
asdemonsandcobolds),
vil
will
findthattheyhave
alle
all
practicedphilosophyatone
tidspunkt
time
oranother,andthat
hver
each
oneofthemwouldhavebeenonly
for
too
gladtolookuponitselfasthe
ultimative
ultimate
endofexistenceandthe
legitime
legitimate
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.
Forevery
impuls
impulse
isimperious,andas
Sådan
SUCH
,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sikker
sure
,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
tilfælde
case
ofreallyscientificmen,it
kan
may
beotherwise—"better,"ifyou
vil
will
;
theretheremayreallybe
sådan
such
athingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
slags
kind
ofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
når
when
wellwoundup,works
væk
away
industriouslytothatend,
Uden
WITHOUT
therestofthescholarlyimpulses
tager
taking
anymaterialparttherein.
Den
The
actual"interests"ofthescholar,
derfor
therefore
,aregenerallyinquite
anden
another
direction—inthefamily,perhaps,
eller
or
inmoney-making,orin
politik
politics
;
itis,infact,
næsten
almost
indifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
lille
little
machineisplaced,and
om
whether
thehopefulyoungworker
bliver
becomes
agoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
eller
or
achemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
blive
becoming
thisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,
der
there
isabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
og
and
aboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
et
a
decidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Hvem
WHO
HEIS,—thatisto
sige
say
,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhis
natur
nature
standtoeachother.
7.
Hvor
How
maliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
kender
know
ofnothingmorestinging
end
than
thejokeEpicurustook
den
the
libertyofmakingonPlato
og
and
thePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Inits
oprindelige
original
sense,andonthefaceofit,the
ordet
word
signifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
og
and
lick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
meget
much
astosay,"Theyare
alle
all
ACTORS,thereisnothinggenuine
om
about
them"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
navn
name
foranactor).
And
den
the
latterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicurus
kastede
cast
uponPlato:
hewas
irriteret
annoyed
bythegrandiosemanner,
den
the
miseenscenestyleof
som
which
Platoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
som
which
Epicuruswasnota
mester
master
!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
sad
sat
concealedinhislittle
have
garden
atAthens,andwrote
tre
three
hundredbooks,perhapsoutof
vrede
rage
andambitiousenvyofPlato,who
ved
knows
!
Greecetookahundredyearsto
finde
find
outwhothegarden-godEpicurus
virkelig
really
was.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
et
a
pointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
eller
or
,toputitinthewordsof
et
an
ancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
You
ønsker
desire
toLIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,you
ædle
noble
Stoics,whatfraudofwords!
Forestil
Imagine
toyourselvesabeing
som
like
Nature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
uden
without
purposeorconsideration,without
medlidenhed
pity
orjustice,atoncefruitful
og
and
barrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselves
Ligegyldighed
INDIFFERENCE
asapower—howCOULDyou
leve
live
inaccordancewithsuch
ligegyldighed
indifference
?
Tolive—isnotthat
bare
just
endeavouringtobeotherwise
end
than
thisNature?
Isnot
leve
living
valuing,preferring,beingunjust,being
begrænset
limited
,endeavouringtobedifferent?
Og
And
grantedthatyourimperative,"living
overensstemmelse
according
toNature,"meansactually
det
the
sameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
kunne
could
youdoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
skulle
should
youmakeaprinciple
ud
out
ofwhatyouyourselvesare,
og
and
mustbe?
Inreality,
men
however
,itisquiteotherwise
med
with
you:
whileyoupretendto
læse
read
withrapturethecanonofyour
lov
law
inNature,youwantsomethingquite
det
the
contrary,youextraordinarystage-players
og
and
self-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
ønsker
wish
todictateyourmorals
og
and
idealstoNature,toNatureherself,
og
and
toincorporatethemtherein;
you
insisterer
insist
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
og
and
wouldlikeeverythingtobe
lavet
made
afteryourownimage,as
en
a
vast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Med
With
allyourlovefor
sandheden
truth
,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
længe
long
,sopersistently,andwith
sådan
such
hypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
sige
say
,Stoically,thatyouare
ikke
no
longerabletoseeitotherwise—andto
krone
crown
all,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
giver
gives
youtheBedlamitehopethat
Fordi
BECAUSE
youareabletotyrannize
over
over
yourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
også
also
allowherselftobetyrannized
over
over
:
isnottheStoic
en
a
PARTofNature?...
Butthisis
en
an
oldandeverlastingstory:
what
sker
happened
inoldtimeswith
det
the
Stoicsstillhappenstoday,as
snart
soon
aseveraphilosophy
begynder
begins
tobelieveinitself.
It
altid
always
createstheworldinits
eget
own
image;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
denne
this
tyrannicalimpulseitself,the
mest
most
spiritualWilltoPower,
den
the
willto"creationof
den
the
world,"thewillto
den
the
causaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
og
and
subtlety,Ishouldeven
sige
say
craftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"the
virkelige
real
andtheapparentworld"isdealt
med
with
atpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
mad
food
forthoughtandattention;
og
and
hewhohearsonly
en
a
"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
og
and
nothingelse,cannotcertainly
prale
boast
ofthesharpestears.
In
sjældne
rare
andisolatedcases,it
kan
may
reallyhavehappenedthat
sådan
such
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
og
and
adventurouspluck,ametaphysician's
ambition
ambition
oftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
den
the
endalwaysprefersa
håndfuld
handful
of"certainty"toa
hel
whole
cartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
kan
may
evenbepuritanicalfanaticsof
samvittighed
conscience
,whoprefertoputtheir
sidste
last
trustinasurenothing,
snarere
rather
thaninanuncertainsomething.
Men
But
thatisNihilism,andthe
tegn
sign
ofadespairing,mortallywearied
sjæl
soul
,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
sådan
such
avirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,
men
however
,tobeotherwisewith
stærkere
stronger
andlivelierthinkerswhoare
stadig
still
eagerforlife.
InthattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
og
and
speaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthatthey
rangerer
rank
thecredibilityoftheir
egne
own
bodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearth
står
stands
still,"andthus,apparently,
tillader
allowing
withcomplacencytheirsecurest
besiddelse
possession
toescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
tror
believe
inmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
ved
knows
iftheyarenot
virkelig
really
tryingtowinback
noget
something
whichwasformerlyan
endnu
even
securerpossession,somethingofthe
gamle
old
domainofthefaithofformertimes,
måske
perhaps
the"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
gamle
old
God,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
kunne
could
livebetter,thatistosay,
mere
more
vigorouslyandmorejoyously,
end
than
by"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthese
moderne
modern
ideasinthismodeof
se
looking
atthings,adisbeliefin
alt
all
thathasbeenconstructedyesterday
og
and
today;
thereisperhapssome
lille
slight
admixtureofsatietyand
foragt
scorn
,whichcannolonger
udholde
endure
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasof
den
the
mostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresent
kaster
throws
onthemarket;
a
afsky
disgust
ofthemorerefined
smag
taste
atthevillage-fairmotleyness
og
and
patchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
der
there
isnothingeithernew
eller
or
true,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinit
synes
seems
tomethatwe
bør
should
agreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
og
and
knowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
dag
day
;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfrom
Moderne
MODERN
reality,isunrefuted...
what
gøre
do
theirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
os
us
!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
ønsker
wish
togo"back,"butthatthey
ønsker
wish
togetAWAYtherefrom.
A
lidt
little
MOREstrength,swing,courage,
og
and
artisticpower,andthey
ville
would
beOFF—andnotback!
11.
It
synes
seems
tomethatthereis
overalt
everywhere
anattemptatpresentto
aflede
divert
attentionfromtheactual
indflydelse
influence
whichKantexercisedonGerman
filosofi
philosophy
,andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythe
værdi
value
whichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
først
first
andforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
med
with
itinhishandhe
sagde
said
:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthat
kan
could
everbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Lad
Let
usonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewas
stolt
proud
ofhavingDISCOVEREDa
ny
new
facultyinman,thefacultyofsynthetic
dom
judgment
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
denne
this
matter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhis
stolthed
pride
,andontheeagerrivalryof
den
the
youngergenerationtodiscoverif
muligt
possible
something—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
som
which
tobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
spørger
asks
himself—andwhatisreallyhis
svar
answer
?
"BYMEANSOFA
Men
MEANS
(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
fem
five
words,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
og
and
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
og
and
verbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
mister
loses
sightofthecomicalniaiserieallemande
involveret
involved
insuchananswer.
Folk
People
werebesidethemselveswithdelight
over
over
thisnewfaculty,and
det
the
jubilationreacheditsclimax
da
when
Kantfurtherdiscoveredamoral
fakultet
faculty
inman—foratthat
tidspunkt
time
Germanswerestillmoral,not
endnu
yet
dabblinginthe"Politicsof
hårde
hard
fact."
Thencamethe
bryllupsrejse
honeymoon
ofGermanphilosophy.
All
de
the
youngtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitution
gik
went
immediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Og
And
whatdidtheynotfind—inthat
uskyldige
innocent
,rich,andstillyouthful
periode
period
oftheGermanspirit,to
som
which
Romanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
og
and
sang,whenonecouldnot
endnu
yet
distinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveall
en
a
facultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectual
intuition
intuition
,andtherebygratifiedthe
mest
most
earnestlongingsofthe
naturligt
naturally
pious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
gøre
do
nogreaterwrongtothe
hele
whole
ofthisexuberantandeccentric
bevægelse
movement
(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatit
forklædte
disguised
itselfsoboldly,inhoary
og
and
senileconceptions),thanto
tage
take
itseriously,oreven
behandle
treat
itwithmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
verden
world
grewolder,andthedream
forsvandt
vanished
.
Atimecamewhen
folk
people
rubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
stadig
still
rubthemtoday.
People
havde
had
beendreaming,andfirst
og
and
foremost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
et
a
means(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
eller
or
atleastmeantto
sige
say
.
But,isthat—ananswer?
En
An
explanation?
Orisitnot
snarere
rather
merelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Hvordan
How
doesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
et
a
means(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,
svarer
replies
thedoctorinMoliere,.
Men
But
suchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
og
and
itishightimeto
erstatte
replace
theKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
et andet
another
question,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshould
forstår
understand
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbe
tro
believed
tobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
som
like
ourselves;
thoughtheystill
kan
might
naturallybefalsejudgments!
Eller
Or
,moreplainlyspoken,and
groft
roughly
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
bør
should
not"bepossible"atall;
we
har
have
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
intet
nothing
butfalsejudgments.
Only,of
selvfølgelig
course
,thebeliefintheir
sandhed
truth
isnecessary,asplausiblebelief
og
and
ocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
Og
And
finally,tocalltomindtheenormous
indflydelse
influence
which"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyou
forstår
understand
itsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
hele
whole
ofEurope,thereis
ingen
no
doubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
en
a
shareinit;
thankstoGerman
filosofi
philosophy
,itwasadelighttothe
ædle
noble
idlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
og
and
thepoliticalobscurantistsof
alle
all
nations,tofindan
modgift
antidote
tothestilloverwhelmingsensualism
der
which
overflowedfromthelast
århundrede
century
intothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...