Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
You
vil
willrejoicetohearthatingen
nodisasterhasaccompaniedthecommencementofen
anenterprisewhichyouhaveregardedmed
withsuchevilforebodings.Iarrived
her
hereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskistoassuremykære
dearsisterofmywelfareog
andincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.Iam
allerede
alreadyfarnorthofLondon,og
andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Iføler
feelacoldnorthernbreezespille
playuponmycheeks,whichbracesmynervesog
andfillsmewithdelight.Doyou
forstår
understandthisfeeling?Thisbreeze,which
har
hastravelledfromtheregionstowardswhichIamadvancing,giver
givesmeaforetasteofthoseicyclimes.Inspiritedby
denne
thiswindofpromise,mydaydreamsbliver
becomemoreferventandvivid.I
forsøger
tryinvaintobepersuadedthatthepoleistheseatoffrostog
anddesolation;iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeauty
og
anddelight.There,Margaret,thesunisforevervisible,itsbroaddisk
lige
justskirtingthehorizonanddiffusingen
aperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,my
søster
sister,Iwillputsometillid
trustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowog
andfrostarebanished;and,sailing
over
overacalmsea,wekan
maybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersog
andinbeautyeveryregionhithertodiscoveredonden
thehabitableglobe.Itsproductions
og
andfeaturesmaybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheheavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinthoseundiscoveredsolitudes.What
kan
maynotbeexpectedinet
acountryofeternallight?I
kan
maytherediscoverthewondrouskraft
powerwhichattractstheneedleog
andmayregulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatrequirekun
onlythisvoyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardentcuriosity
med
withthesightofadel
partoftheworldneverfør
beforevisited,andmaytreadalandaldrig
neverbeforeimprintedbythefootofman.Thesearemyenticements,
og
andtheyaresufficienttoconqueral
allfearofdangerordød
deathandtoinducemetocommencedenne
thislaboriousvoyagewiththejoyabarn
childfeelswhenheembarksinalille
littleboat,withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryop
uphisnativeriver.Butsupposing
alle
alltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontesttheinestimablebenefitsom
whichIshallconferonalle
allmankind,tothelastgeneration,bydiscoveringen
apassagenearthepoletothosecountries,toreachsom
whichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;eller
orbyascertainingthesecretofdet
themagnet,which,ifatallmuligt
possible,canonlybeeffectedbyet
anundertakingsuchasmine.Disse
Thesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationmed
withwhichIbeganmyletter,og
andIfeelmyheartglowmed
withanenthusiasmwhichelevatesmetoheaven,forintet
nothingcontributessomuchtotranquilliseden
themindasasteadypurpose—apunkt
pointonwhichthesoulkan
mayfixitsintellectualeye.Denne
Thisexpeditionhasbeenthefavouritedreamofmyearlyyears.I
har
havereadwithardourtheaccountsofthevariousvoyagesder
whichhavebeenmadeintheprospectofarrivingattheNorthPacificOceangennem
throughtheseaswhichsurroundthepole.Youmay
husker
rememberthatahistoryofalle
allthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedde
thewholeofourgoodOnkel
UncleThomas’library.Myeducationwasneglected,
men
yetIwaspassionatelyfondoflæse
reading.Thesevolumesweremystudy
dag
dayandnight,andmyfamiliaritymed
withthemincreasedthatregretwhichIhavde
hadfelt,asachild,onlearningthatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhavde
hadforbiddenmyuncletoallowmetoembarkinaseafaringlife.Thesevisionsfaded
da
whenIperused,fortheførste
firsttime,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulog
andliftedittoheaven.I
også
alsobecameapoetandforoneår
yearlivedinaparadiseofmyowncreation;Iimagined
at
thatIalsomightobtainen
anicheinthetemplehvor
wherethenamesofHomerog
andShakespeareareconsecrated.Youarewellacquainted
med
withmyfailureandhowheavilyIborethedisappointment.Men
ButjustatthattimeIinheriteddet
thefortuneofmycousin,og
andmythoughtswereturnedintodet
thechanneloftheirearlierbent.Seks
SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.I
kan
can,evennow,rememberthetime
hourfromwhichIdedicatedmyselftodenne
thisgreatenterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmy
krop
bodytohardship.Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
Ivoluntarilyendured
kulde
cold,famine,thirst,andwantofsleep;Ioften
arbejdede
workedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthedagen
dayanddevotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,og
andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromwhichen
anavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpracticaladvantage.TwiceIactuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,
og
andacquittedmyselftoadmiration.I
må
mustownIfeltalidt
littleproudwhenmycaptainofferedmeden
theseconddignityinthevesselog
andentreatedmetoremainmed
withthegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.Og
Andnow,dearMargaret,doInotdeservetoaccomplishsomegreatpurpose?My
liv
lifemighthavebeenpassedineaseog
andluxury,butIpreferredglorytoalle
everyenticementthatwealthplacedinmypath.Oh,
at
thatsomeencouragingvoicewouldsvare
answerintheaffirmative!Mycourage
og
andmyresolutionisfirm;men
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoftendepressed.Iamabouttoproceedon
en
alonganddifficultvoyage,theemergenciesofwhichvil
willdemandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednot
kun
onlytoraisethespiritsofothers,men
butsometimestosustainmyegen
own,whentheirsarefailing.Dette
ThisisthemostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.Theyflyquickly
over
overthesnowintheirsledges;themotionispleasant,
og
and,inmyopinion,farmere
moreagreeablethanthatofen
anEnglishstagecoach.Thecoldisnotexcessive,
hvis
ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresswhichIhar
havealreadyadopted,forthereisen
agreatdifferencebetweenwalkingthedeckog
andremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,når
whennoexercisepreventsthebloodfromfaktisk
actuallyfreezinginyourveins.I
har
havenoambitiontolosemyliv
lifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.Petersburghog
andArchangel.Ishalldepartforthelatter
by
towninafortnightortre
threeweeks;andmyintentionistohire
et
ashipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebybetale
payingtheinsurancefortheowner,og
andtoengageasmanysailorsasIsynes
thinknecessaryamongthosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.IdonotintendtosailuntilthemonthofJune;
og
andwhenshallIreturn?Ah,
kære
dearsister,howcanIsvare
answerthisquestion?IfIsucceed,
mange
many,manymonths,perhapsyears,vil
willpassbeforeyouandIkan
maymeet.IfIfail,you
vil
willseemeagainsoon,eller
ornever.Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdownblessingsonyou,
og
andsaveme,thatIkan
mayagainandagaintestifymygratitudeforal
allyourloveandkindness.Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
Hvor
Howslowlythetimepassesher
here,encompassedasIambyfrostog
andsnow!Yetasecondstepis
taget
takentowardsmyenterprise.I
har
havehiredavesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;de
thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIkan
candependandarecertainlypossessedofdauntlesscourage.ButI
har
haveonewantwhichIhar
haveneveryetbeenabletosatisfy,og
andtheabsenceoftheobjectofwhichInu
nowfeelasamostsevereevil,Ihar
havenofriend,Margaret:whenIamglowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,
der
therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;hvis
ifIamassailedbydisappointment,ingen
noonewillendeavourtosustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itis
sandt
true;butthatisapoormediumfor
det
thecommunicationoffeeling.Idesirethe
selskab
companyofamanwhokunne
couldsympathisewithme,whoseeyesville
wouldreplytomine.Youmaydeemmeromantic,my
kære
dearsister,butIbitterlyfeelthesavner
wantofafriend.I
har
havenoonenearme,gentlemen
yetcourageous,possessedofacultivatedaswellasofacapacioussind
mind,whosetastesarelikemyegen
own,toapproveoramendmyplans.Hvordan
Howwouldsuchafriendrepairthefaultsofyourstakkels
poorbrother!Iamtooardentinexecution
og
andtooimpatientofdifficulties.Men
ButitisastillgreatereviltomethatIamself-educated:for
de
thefirstfourteenyearsofmyliv
lifeIranwildonen
acommonandreadnothingbutourOnkel
UncleThomas’booksofvoyages.AtthatageI
blev
becameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofoureget
owncountry;butitwasonly
da
whenithadceasedtobeinmymagt
powertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromsådan
suchaconvictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofblive
becomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesend
thanthatofmynativehjemland
country.NowIamtwenty-eight
og
andaminrealitymoreilliterateend
thanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.Itis
sandt
truethatIhavethoughtmere
moreandthatmydaydreamsaremere
moreextendedandmagnificent,buttheyvil
want(asthepainterscallit)holde
keeping;andIgreatlyneed
en
afriendwhowouldhavesensenok
enoughnottodespisemeasromantic,og
andaffectionenoughformetoendeavourtoregulatemysind
mind.Well,theseareuselesscomplaints;
Ishallcertainly
finde
findnofriendonthewideocean,norevenher
hereinArchangel,amongmerchantsog
andseamen.Yetsomefeelings,unalliedto
den
thedrossofhumannature,slår
beatevenintheseruggedbosoms.Mylieutenant,forinstance,is
en
amanofwonderfulcourageog
andenterprise;heismadlydesirousofglory,
eller
orrather,towordmyphrasemere
morecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisprofession.Heis
en
anEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalog
andprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,retainsnogle
someofthenoblestendowmentsofhumanity.I
først
firstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboarden
awhalevessel;findingthathewasunemployedin
denne
thiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtoassistinmyenterprise.Themasterisa
person
personofanexcellentdispositionog
andisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessog
andthemildnessofhisdiscipline.Denne
Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-knownintegrityog
anddauntlesscourage,madememeget
verydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedinsolitude,my
bedste
bestyearsspentunderyourgentleog
andfemininefosterage,hassorefinedden
thegroundworkofmycharacterthatIcannotovercomeanintensedistastetoden
theusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:I
har
haveneverbelievedittobenecessary,og
andwhenIheardofen
amarinerequallynotedforhiskindlinessofhjerte
heartandtherespectandobediencebetalt
paidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifølte
feltmyselfpeculiarlyfortunateinbeingstand
abletosecurehisservices.I
hørte
heardofhimfirstinratheren
aromanticmanner,fromadame
ladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherlife.Dette
This,briefly,ishisstory.Nogle
Someyearsagoheloveden
ayoungRussianladyofmoderatefortune,og
andhavingamassedaconsiderablesuminprize-money,thefar
fatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.He
så
sawhismistressoncebeforeden
thedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,
og
andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,confessingatthesametimethatsheelskede
lovedanother,butthathewaspoor,og
andthatherfatherwouldaldrig
neverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerous
ven
friendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofden
thenameofherlover,instantlyabandonedhispursuit.He
havde
hadalreadyboughtafarmmed
withhismoney,onwhichhehavde
haddesignedtopasstheremainderofhisliv
life;buthebestowedthe
hele
wholeonhisrival,togethermed
withtheremainsofhisprize-moneytopurchasestock,og
andthenhimselfsolicitedtheunge
youngwoman’sfathertoconsenttohermarriagemed
withherlover.Butthe
gamle
oldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyven
friend,who,whenhefoundden
thefatherinexorable,quittedhisland
country,norreturneduntilhehørte
heardthathisformermistresswasgift
marriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
you
vil
willexclaim.Heisso;
men
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:heisassilentas
en
aTurk,andakindofignorantcarelessnessattendsham
him,which,whileitrendershisconductthemere
moreastonishing,detractsfromtheinterestog
andsympathywhichotherwiseheville
wouldcommand.Yetdonotsuppose,
fordi
becauseIcomplainalittleeller
orbecauseIcanconceiveen
aconsolationformytoilssom
whichImayneverknow,at
thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.Thoseareasfixedasfate,
og
andmyvoyageisonlynu
nowdelayeduntiltheweathershallpermitmyembarkation.Thewinter
har
hasbeendreadfullysevere,butthespringlover
promiseswell,anditisconsideredasen
aremarkablyearlyseason,sothatmåske
perhapsImaysailsoonerend
thanIexpected.Ishall
gøre
donothingrashly:youknowmesufficientlytoconfideinmyprudence
og
andconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomyomsorg
care.Icannotdescribetoyoumysensationson
den
thenearprospectofmyundertaking.Itisimpossibletocommunicatetoyou
en
aconceptionofthetremblingsensation,halfpleasurableog
andhalffearful,withwhichIampreparingtodepart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmist
og
andsnow,”butIshalldræbe
killnoalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafety
eller
orifIshouldcometilbage
backtoyouaswornog
andwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”You
vil
willsmileatmyallusion,men
butIwilldiscloseasecret.I
har
haveoftenattributedmyattachmentto,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofthemest
mostimaginativeofmodernpoets.Thereis
noget
somethingatworkinmysoulwhichIdonotforstår
understand.Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,
en
aworkmantoexecutewithperseveranceog
andlabour—butbesidesthisthereisen
aloveforthemarvellous,en
abeliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinalle
allmyprojects,whichhurriesmeud
outofthecommonpathwaysofmen,selv
eventothewildseaog
andunvisitedregionsIamabouttoexplore.Men
Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.ShallI
mødes
meetyouagain,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,og
andreturnedbythemostsoutherncapeofAfricaeller
orAmerica?Idarenotexpect
sådan
suchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartose
lookonthereverseofthepicture.Continueforthepresentto
skrive
writetomebyeveryopportunity:I
kan
mayreceiveyourlettersonnogle
someoccasionswhenIneedthemmest
mosttosupportmyspirits.I
elsker
loveyouverytenderly.Rememberme
med
withaffection,shouldyouneverhører
hearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
July7th,17—.
My
kære
dearSister,.Iwritea
par
fewlinesinhastetosige
saythatIamsafe—andgodt
welladvancedonmyvoyage.Dette
ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyen
amerchantmannowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;mere
morefortunatethanI,whomaynotse
seemynativeland,perhaps,formange
manyyears.Iam,however,in
godt
goodspirits:mymenarebold
og
andapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordothefloatingsheetsoficethatcontinuallypassos
us,indicatingthedangersoftheregiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaydem
them.Wehavealreadyreached
en
averyhighlatitude;butitistheheightofsummer,
og
andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,whichblowusspeedilytowardsthoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretoattain,breatheen
adegreeofrenovatingwarmthwhichIhavde
hadnotexpected.Noincidents
har
havehithertobefallenusthatville
wouldmakeafigureinaletter.One
eller
ortwostiffgalesandthespringingofaleakareaccidentssom
whichexperiencednavigatorsscarcelyremembertorecord,og
andIshallbewellcontenthvis
ifnothingworsehappentousduringourvoyage.Adieu,my
kære
dearMargaret.Beassuredthatformy
egen
ownsake,aswellasdin
yours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.I
vil
willbecool,persevering,andprudent.Men
Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.Whereforenot?
Thus
langt
farIhavegone,tracingen
asecurewayoverthepathlessseas,de
theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesog
andtestimoniesofmytriumph.Hvorfor
Whynotstillproceedoverdet
theuntamedyetobedientelement?What
kan
canstopthedeterminedheartog
andresolvedwillofman?Myswelling
hjerte
heartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.Men
ButImustfinish.Heavenblessmybeloved
søster
sister!Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
Sostrange
et
anaccidenthashappenedtousthatIcannotforbearrecordingdet
it,althoughitisveryprobablethatyouvil
willseemebeforethesepaperskan
cancomeintoyourpossession.Sidste
LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,whichlukkede
closedintheshiponalle
allsides,scarcelyleavingherdet
thesea-roominwhichshefloated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundby
en
averythickfog.Weaccordinglylayto,
håbede
hopingthatsomechangewouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereog
andweather.Abouttwoo’clockthemist
ryddede
clearedaway,andwebeheld,stretchedoutinalle
everydirection,vastandirregularplainsofice,som
whichseemedtohavenoende
end.Someofmycomradesgroaned,
og
andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulmed
withanxiousthoughts,whenastrangesightsuddenlyattractedourattentionog
anddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceived
en
alowcarriage,fixedonen
asledgeanddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofhalv
halfamile;abeingwhich
havde
hadtheshapeofaman,men
butapparentlyofgiganticstature,sad
satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.We
så
watchedtherapidprogressofthetravellermed
withourtelescopesuntilhewastabt
lostamongthedistantinequalitiesoftheice.Denne
Thisappearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswe
troede
believed,manyhundredmilesfromanyland;men
butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,sodistantaswehavde
hadsupposed.Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibleto
følge
followhistrack,whichwehavde
hadobservedwiththegreatestattention.Omkring
Abouttwohoursafterthisoccurrencewehørte
heardthegroundsea,andfør
beforenighttheicebrokeog
andfreedourship.We,however,
lå
laytountilthemorning,fearingtoencounterinthedarkthoselargeloosemassesder
whichfloataboutafterthebreakingop
upoftheice.Iprofitedof
denne
thistimetorestforet
afewhours.Inthe
om morgenen
morning,however,assoonasitwaslys
light,Iwentupondeckog
andfoundallthesailorsbusyonene
onesideofthevessel,apparentlytaler
talkingtosomeoneinthesea.Itwas,in
faktisk
fact,asledge,likethatwehavde
hadseenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusinthenatten
nightonalargefragmentofice.Kun
Onlyonedogremainedalive;men
buttherewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingtoenterthevessel.Hewasnot,as
den
theothertravellerseemedtobe,en
asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,men
butaEuropean.WhenIappearedondeck
det
themastersaid,“Hereisourcaptain,og
andhewillnotallowyoutoperishondet
theopensea.”Onperceiving
mig
me,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughmed
withaforeignaccent.“BeforeI
kommer
comeonboardyourvessel,”sagde
saidhe,“willyouhavethekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”Youmayconceivemyastonishmenton
hørte
hearingsuchaquestionaddressedtomefromamand
manonthebrinkofdestructionog
andtowhomIshouldhave
havesupposedthatmyvesselville
wouldhavebeenaresourcewhichheville
wouldnothaveexchangedforden
themostpreciouswealththejorden
earthcanafford.Ireplied,however,
at
thatwewereonavoyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorthernpole.Upon
hørte
hearingthisheappearedsatisfiedog
andconsentedtocomeonboard.GoodGod!
Margaret,
hvis
ifyouhadseenthemanden
manwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurpriseville
wouldhavebeenboundless.Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,
og
andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedbyfatigueog
andsuffering.Ineversaw
en
amaninsowretcheden
acondition.Weattemptedtocarryhiminto
den
thecabin,butassoonashehavde
hadquittedthefreshairhefainted.Weaccordingly
bragte
broughthimbacktothedeckog
andrestoredhimtoanimationbyrubbinghimmed
withbrandyandforcinghimtoswallowen
asmallquantity.Assoonasheshowedsignsof
liv
lifewewrappedhimupinblanketsog
andplacedhimnearthechimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecovered
og
andatealittlesoup,som
whichrestoredhimwonderfully.Twodayspassedin
denne
thismannerbeforehewasstand
abletospeak,andIoftenfearedthathissufferingshavde
haddeprivedhimofunderstanding.Da
Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyegen
owncabinandattendedonhimasmeget
muchasmydutywouldpermit.I
aldrig
neversawamoreinterestingcreature:hiseyes
har
havegenerallyanexpressionofwildness,og
andevenmadness,buttherearemomentswhen,hvis
ifanyoneperformsanactofkindnesstowardshimeller
ordoeshimanythemest
mosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedop
up,asitwere,withabeamofbenevolenceog
andsweetnessthatIneversawequalled.Men
Butheisgenerallymelancholyog
anddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asifimpatientofden
theweightofwoesthatoppressesham
him.Whenmyguestwasa
lidt
littlerecoveredIhadgreatbesvær
troubletokeepoffthemen,som
whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;