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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Danish A1

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Danish A1

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PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthis
en
awoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspectingthat
alle
allphilosophers,insofarasthey
har
havebeendogmatists,havefailedto
forstå
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
og
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichthey
har
haveusuallypaidtheiraddressesto
Sandheden
Truth,havebeenunskilledandunseemlymethodsfor
vinde
winningawoman?
Certainlyshe
har
hasneverallowedherselftobe
vundet
won;
andatpresentevery
form
kindofdogmastandswithsad
og
anddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,it
står
standsatall!
Fortherearescofferswhomaintainthatithasfallen,that
alle
alldogmaliesontheground—nay
mere
more,thatitisatits
sidste
lastgasp.
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
god
goodgroundsforhopingthat
al
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,
uanset
whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsit
har
hasassumed,mayhavebeen
kun
onlyanoblepuerilismandtyronism;
og
andprobablythetimeisathand
da
whenitwillbeonce
og
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
faktisk
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
og
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatists
har
havehithertoreared:
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorial
tid
time(suchasthesoul-superstition,which,intheformofsubject-
og
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceased
gøre
doingmischief):
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
eller
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
meget
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
kun
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyinstillearliertimes,intheserviceof
der
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
og
andpatiencehavebeenspent
end
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
og
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
og
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseemsthatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
hjerte
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
alle
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
jorden
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophy
har
hasbeenacaricatureof
denne
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
og
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
må
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,the
mest
mosttiresome,andthemostdangerousoferrorshitherto
har
hasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
og
andtheGoodinItself.
Men
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
når
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
kan
canagaindrawbreathfreely
og
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,
vi
we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsof
al
allthestrengthwhichthestruggle
mod
againstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionof
sandheden
truth,andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,to
tale
speakofSpiritandthe
Gode
GoodasPlatospokeof
dem
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdid
sådan
suchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
Havde
HadthewickedSocratesreallycorrupted
ham
him?
WasSocratesafterall
en
acorrupterofyouths,anddeservedhishemlock?"
Men
ButthestruggleagainstPlato,or—to
tale
speakplainer,andforthe"people"—thestruggle
mod
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
For
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFOR
Den
THE"PEOPLE"),producedinEurope
en
amagnificenttensionofsoul,suchas
havde
hadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
med
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
kan
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
As
en
amatteroffact,theEuropean
føler
feelsthistensionasastateofdistress,
og
andtwiceattemptshavebeen
gjort
madeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
og
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
og
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitabout
at
thatthespiritwouldnotsoeasily
finde
finditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcreditto
dem
them!
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Men
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,nor
endda
evensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
og
andfree,VERYfreespirits—we
har
haveitstill,allthedistressofspirit
og
andallthetensionofitsbow!
Og
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
og
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
Den
TheWilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
mange
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessof
hvilke
whichallphilosophershavehithertospoken
med
withrespect,whatquestionshas
denne
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
os
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
allerede
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,
mister
losepatience,andturnimpatiently
væk
away?
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlastto
stille
askquestionsourselves?
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
her
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
os
us?
Infactwemadealonghaltatthe
spørgsmål
questionastotheoriginof
denne
thisWill—untilatlastwe
kom
cametoanabsolutestandstillbeforea
endnu
yetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquired
om
abouttheVALUEofthisWill.
Grantedthatwe
vil
wantthetruth:
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Og
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditselfbeforeus—orwasitwe
der
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
her
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobe
et
arendezvousofquestionsandnotesofinterrogation.
Og
Andcoulditbebelievedthatitat
var
lastseemstousasiftheproblemhad
aldrig
neverbeenpropoundedbefore,asifwewerethe
første
firsttodiscernit,get
et
asightofit,andRISKRAISINGit?
For
der
thereisriskinraising
den
it,perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOW
Kunne
COULDanythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,
sandhed
truthoutoferror?
ortheWillto
Sandhed
Truthoutofthewilltodeception?
eller
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
eller
orthepuresun-brightvisionof
den
thewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Sådan
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoever
drømmer
dreamsofitisafool,nay,worse
end
thanafool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
må
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
denne
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
verden
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
og
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Men
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Gud
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
og
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudiceby
der
whichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
kan
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
gennem
throughthis"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
noget
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
Den
Thefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansis
Den
THEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
aldrig
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
her
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
mest
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmade
et
asolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Forit
kan
maybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
og
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
og
andantithesesofvalueuponwhichmetaphysicians
har
havesettheirseal,arenot
måske
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
sandsynligvis
probablymadefromsomecorner,
måske
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrow
et
anexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
al
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothe
sande
true,thepositive,andtheunselfish,it
kan
mightbepossiblethatahigher
og
andmorefundamentalvalueforlifegenerally
bør
shouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
og
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
muligt
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthose
gode
goodandrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
og
andcrochetedtotheseevil
og
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
med
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
må
mustawaittheadventofa
ny
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
vil
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofthedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseoftheterm.
Og
Andtospeakinallseriousness,I
ser
seesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Have
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
og
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
længe
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfthatthegreater
del
partofconsciousthinkingmustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
og
anditissoeveninthecaseofphilosophicalthinking;
man
onehasheretolearnanew,as
man
onelearnedanewaboutheredity
og
and"innateness."
Aslittleas
det
theactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationin
det
thewholeprocessandprocedureofheredity,
lige
justaslittleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDto
det
theinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
den
thegreaterpartoftheconsciousthinkingof
en
aphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
og
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
Og
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
eller
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,for
det
themaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,that
det
thecertainisworthmore
end
thantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluable
end
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Os
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,
særlige
specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmaybenecessaryfor
det
themaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
at
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessof
en
anopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
her
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguage
lyder
soundsmoststrangely.
Thequestionis,how
langt
faranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
måske
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainthatthefalsestopinions(to
hvilke
whichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
mest
mostindispensabletous,that
uden
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
uden
withoutacomparisonofreality
med
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
og
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
verden
worldbymeansofnumbers,
mennesket
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinions
ville
wouldbearenunciationof
liv
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHAS
En
ACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvaluein
en
adangerousmanner,andaphilosophywhichventuresto
gøre
doso,hastherebyalone
placeret
placeditselfbeyondgoodandevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
og
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howoften
og
andeasilytheymakemistakes
og
andlosetheirway,inshort,howchildish
og
andchildliketheyare,—butthatthereisnot
nok
enoughhonestdealingwiththem,whereasthey
alle
allraisealoudandvirtuousoutcry
når
whentheproblemoftruthfulnessis
endda
evenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
alle
allposeasthoughtheirrealopinionshadbeendiscovered
og
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingof
en
acold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic
I
(incontrasttoallsortsofmystics,who,fairer
og
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,in
virkeligheden
fact,aprejudicedproposition,idea,
eller
or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
og
andrefined,isdefendedbythem
med
withargumentssoughtoutaftertheevent.
Theyare
alle
alladvocateswhodonot
ønsker
wishtoberegardedassuch,generallyastutedefenders,
også
also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Meget
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmits
dette
thistoitself,veryfarfrom
have
havingthegoodtasteofthecouragewhich
går
goessofarasto
lade
letthisbeunderstood,perhapstowarn
ven
friendorfoe,orincheerfulconfidence
og
andself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyof
gamle
oldKant,equallystiffanddecent,
med
withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wewho
finder
findnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksof
gamle
oldmoralistsandethicalpreachers.
Eller
Or,stillmoreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinoza
har
has,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
og
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
og
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
hjertet
heartoftheassailantwho
skulle
shoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—how
meget
muchofpersonaltimidityandvulnerabilitydoes
denne
thismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
It
har
hasgraduallybecomecleartomewhat
hver
everygreatphilosophyuptill
nu
nowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
og
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
og
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
at
thatthemoral(orimmoral)purposeineveryphilosophy
har
hasconstitutedthetruevitalgerm
ud
outofwhichtheentireplant
har
hasalwaysgrown.
Indeed,to
forstå
understandhowtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsof
en
aphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
altid
alwayswell(andwise)to
først
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonot
tror
believethatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
fader
fatherofphilosophy;
butthatanotherimpulse,
her
hereaselsewhere,hasonlymade
brug
useofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
as
et
aninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
med
withaviewtodetermining
hvor
howfartheymayhave
her
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Eller
(orasdemonsandcobolds),
vil
willfindthattheyhave
alle
allpracticedphilosophyatone
tidspunkt
timeoranother,andthat
hver
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenonly
for
toogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
og
andthelegitimateLORDover
alle
alltheotherimpulses.
Foreveryimpulseisimperious,
og
andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
sikker
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
tilfælde
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
kan
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyou
vil
will;
theretheremayreallybe
sådan
suchathingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"some
slags
kindofsmall,independentclock-work,which,
når
whenwellwoundup,works
væk
awayindustriouslytothatend,
Uden
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulses
tager
takinganymaterialparttherein.
Den
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyin
helt
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
måske
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
it
er
is,infact,almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
lille
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopeful
unge
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,
en
amushroomspecialist,orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDby
blive
becomingthisorthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,
der
thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;
og
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishes
et
adecidedanddecisivetestimonyasto
Hvem
WHOHEIS,—thatisto
sige
say,inwhatorderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnature
står
standtoeachother.
7.
Hvor
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
I
kender
knowofnothingmorestinging
end
thanthejokeEpicurustook
den
thelibertyofmakingonPlato
og
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
og
andonthefaceofit,the
ordet
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
og
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisas
meget
muchastosay,"Theyare
alle
allACTORS,thereisnothinggenuine
om
aboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
navn
nameforanactor).
And
den
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedby
den
thegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleof
som
whichPlatoandhisscholarsweremasters—of
som
whichEpicuruswasnota
mester
master!
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,who
sad
satconcealedinhislittlegardenatAthens,
og
andwrotethreehundredbooks,
måske
perhapsoutofrageandambitiousenvyofPlato,who
ved
knows!
Greecetookahundredyearsto
finde
findoutwhothegarden-godEpicurus
virkelig
reallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereis
et
apointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
eller
or,toputitinthewordsof
et
anancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Leve
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Imaginetoyourselves
et
abeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
uden
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpity
eller
orjustice,atoncefruitful
og
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEas
en
apower—howCOULDyouliveinaccordance
med
withsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
bare
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
end
thanthisNature?
Isnot
leve
livingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
anderledes
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"
betyder
meansactuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—how
kunne
couldyoudoDIFFERENTLY?
Why
skulle
shouldyoumakeaprinciple
ud
outofwhatyouyourselvesare,
og
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itis
helt
quiteotherwisewithyou:
whileyoupretendto
læse
readwithrapturethecanonofyour
lov
lawinNature,youwantsomethingquite
det
thecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
og
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyou
ønsker
wishtodictateyourmorals
og
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
og
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsistthatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
og
andwouldlikeeverythingtobe
lavet
madeafteryourownimage,as
en
avast,eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!
Med
Withallyourlovefor
sandheden
truth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
længe
long,sopersistently,andwith
sådan
suchhypnoticrigiditytoseeNatureFALSELY,thatisto
sige
say,Stoically,thatyouare
ikke
nolongerabletoseeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousness
giver
givesyoutheBedlamitehopethat
Fordi
BECAUSEyouareabletotyrannize
over
overyourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
også
alsoallowherselftobetyrannized
over
over:
isnottheStoic
en
aPARTofNature?...
Butthisis
en
anoldandeverlastingstory:
what
sker
happenedinoldtimeswith
det
theStoicsstillhappenstoday,as
snart
soonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
tro
believeinitself.
Italwayscreatesthe
verden
worldinitsownimage;
itcannot
gøre
dootherwise;
philosophyisthistyrannicalimpulseitself,
den
themostspiritualWillto
Magt
Power,thewillto"creationof
den
theworld,"thewillto
den
thecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
og
andsubtlety,Ishouldeven
sige
saycraftiness,withwhichtheproblemof"the
virkelige
realandtheapparentworld"isdealt
med
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishes
mad
foodforthoughtandattention;
og
andhewhohearsonly
en
a"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
og
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
og
andisolatedcases,itmay
virkelig
reallyhavehappenedthatsuch
en
aWilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
og
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichin
den
theendalwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"to
en
awholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
there
kan
mayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,whopreferto
sætte
puttheirlasttrustina
sikker
surenothing,ratherthaninanuncertainsomething.
Men
ButthatisNihilism,andthe
tegn
signofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearing
sådan
suchavirtuemaydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwise
med
withstrongerandlivelierthinkers
der
whoarestilleagerforlife.
Inthattheyside
Imod
AGAINSTappearance,andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inthattheyrankthecredibilityoftheir
egne
ownbodiesaboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidencethat"theearth
står
standsstill,"andthus,apparently,allowing
med
withcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape(forwhatdoesoneatpresent
tror
believeinmorefirmlythaninone'sbody?),—who
ved
knowsiftheyarenot
virkelig
reallytryingtowinback
noget
somethingwhichwasformerlyan
endnu
evensecurerpossession,somethingofthe
gamle
olddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
måske
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
gamle
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichthey
kunne
couldlivebetter,thatistosay,
mere
morevigorouslyandmorejoyously,
end
thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTof
disse
thesemodernideasinthismodeof
se
lookingatthings,adisbeliefin
alt
allthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
og
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
og
andscorn,whichcannolongerendure
den
theBRIC-A-BRACofideasof
den
themostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowson
den
themarket;
adisgustof
den
themorerefinedtasteat
den
thevillage-fairmotleynessandpatchinessof
alle
allthesereality-philosophasters,inwhom
der
thereisnothingeithernew
eller
ortrue,exceptthismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstomethatwe
bør
shouldagreewiththoseskepticalanti-realists
og
andknowledge-microscopistsofthepresent
dag
day;
theirinstinct,whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
what
gøre
dotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
os
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOTthatthey
ønsker
wishtogo"back,"butthatthey
ønsker
wishtogetAWAYtherefrom.
A
lidt
littleMOREstrength,swing,courage,
og
andartisticpower,andthey
ville
wouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
Itseemstomethatthereiseverywhere
et
anattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
og
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
Kantwas
først
firstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
med
withitinhishandhe
sagde
said:
"Thisisthemostdifficultthingthat
kan
couldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Lad
Letusonlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
Hewasproudof
have
havingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyin
mennesket
man,thefacultyofsyntheticjudgment
en
apriori.
Grantingthathedeceivedhimselfin
denne
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
og
andontheeagerrivalryof
den
theyoungergenerationtodiscoverif
muligt
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
som
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kant
spørger
askshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
svar
answer?
"BYMEANSOFA
Men
MEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
fem
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
og
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
og
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogether
mister
losessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedinsuchan
svar
answer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
med
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
og
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
da
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthat
tidspunkt
timeGermanswerestillmoral,not
endnu
yetdabblinginthe"Politicsof
hårde
hardfact."
ThencamethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Alle
Alltheyoungtheologiansof
de
theTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyinto
de
thegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
Og
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
og
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,to
som
whichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
og
andsang,whenonecouldnot
endnu
yetdistinguishbetween"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveall
en
afacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
og
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
One
kan
candonogreaterwrongtothe
hele
wholeofthisexuberantandeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingthatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
og
andsenileconceptions),thanto
tage
takeitseriously,oreventreatit
med
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
verden
worldgrewolder,andthe
drømmen
dreamvanished.
Atimecamewhen
folk
peoplerubbedtheirforeheads,andthey
stadig
stillrubthemtoday.
People
havde
hadbeendreaming,andfirst
og
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
eller
oratleastmeantto
sige
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
En
Anexplanation?
Orisitnotrathermerely
en
arepetitionofthequestion?
Hvordan
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansof
et
ameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthedoctorinMoliere,.
Men
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
og
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantian
spørgsmål
question,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
by
et andet
anotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefinsuchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishightimethatweshould
forstår
understandthatsuchjudgmentsmustbe
tro
believedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
som
likeourselves;
thoughtheystill
kan
mightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Eller
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
og
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriori
bør
shouldnot"bepossible"atall;
we
har
havenorighttothem;
inourmouthstheyare
intet
nothingbutfalsejudgments.
Only,of
selvfølgelig
course,thebeliefintheir
sandhed
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
og
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewoflife.
Og
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
håber
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
hele
wholeofEurope,thereis
ingen
nodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhad
en
ashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
og
andthepoliticalobscurantistsof
alle
allnations,tofindanantidotetothe
stadig
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthe
sidste
lastcenturyintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...