CHAPTERI.MR.SHERLOCKHOLMES.
In
det
theyear1878ItookmydegreeofDoctorofMedicineofdet
theUniversityofLondon,andproceededtoNetleytogå
gothroughthecourseprescribedforsurgeonsindet
thearmy.Havingcompletedmystudies
der
there,Iwasdulyattachedtoden
theFifthNorthumberlandFusiliersasAssistantSurgeon.TheregimentwasstationedinIndiaatthe
tidspunkt
time,andbeforeIcouldjoinit,theanden
secondAfghanwarhadbrokenout.OnlandingatBombay,Ilearned
at
thatmycorpshadadvancedgennem
throughthepasses,andwasallerede
alreadydeepintheenemy’sland
country.Ifollowed,however,with
mange
manyotherofficerswhowereinthesamme
samesituationasmyself,andsucceededinreachingCandaharinsafety,hvor
whereIfoundmyregiment,og
andatonceentereduponmynye
newduties.Thecampaignbroughthonours
og
andpromotiontomany,butformeithavde
hadnothingbutmisfortuneanddisaster.Iwasremovedfrommybrigade
og
andattachedtotheBerkshires,med
withwhomIservedatdet
thefatalbattleofMaiwand.ThereIwasstruckon
den
theshoulderbyaJezailbullet,whichshatteredden
theboneandgrazedthesubclavianartery.I
skulle
shouldhavefallenintothehandsofthemurderousGhazishaditnotbeenforthedevotionog
andcourageshownbyMurray,myorderly,der
whothrewmeacrossapack-horse,og
andsucceededinbringingmesafelytotheBritishlines.Worn
med
withpain,andweakfromde
theprolongedhardshipswhichIhavde
hadundergone,Iwasremoved,med
withagreattrainofwoundedsufferers,tode
thebasehospitalatPeshawar.Her
HereIrallied,andhadallerede
alreadyimprovedsofarastobestand
abletowalkaboutthewards,og
andeventobaskalidt
littleupontheverandah,whenIwasstruckned
downbyentericfever,thatcurseofourIndianpossessions.Formonthsmy
liv
lifewasdespairedof,andda
whenatlastIcametomyselfog
andbecameconvalescent,Iwassoweakog
andemaciatedthatamedicalboarddeterminedthatnotadag
dayshouldbelostinsende
sendingmebacktoEngland.Iwasdispatched,accordingly,inthetroopship“Orontes,”
og
andlandedamonthlateronPortsmouthjetty,med
withmyhealthirretrievablyruined,men
butwithpermissionfromapaternalgovernmenttospendthenæste
nextninemonthsinattemptingtoimproveit.I
havde
hadneitherkithnorkininEngland,og
andwasthereforeasfreeasair—orasfri
freeasanincomeofelevenshillingsog
andsixpenceadaywillpermitamand
mantobe.Undersuchcircumstances,InaturallygravitatedtoLondon,that
store
greatcesspoolintowhichallden
theloungersandidlersofden
theEmpireareirresistiblydrained.Der
ThereIstayedforsometid
timeataprivatehotelinde
theStrand,leadingacomfortless,meaninglessexistence,og
andspendingsuchmoneyasIhavde
had,considerablymorefreelythanIought.Soalarmingdidthestateofmyfinances
blev
become,thatIsoonrealizedat
thatImusteitherleavethemetropolisog
andrusticatesomewhereinthecountry,eller
orthatImustmakeacompletealterationinmystyleofliving.Choosing
det
thelatteralternative,Ibeganbymakingupmymindtoforlade
leavethehotel,andtotakeupmyquartersinsomelesspretentiousog
andlessexpensivedomicile.On
den
theverydaythatIhavde
hadcometothisconclusion,Iwasstod
standingattheCriterionBar,da
whensomeonetappedmeonden
theshoulder,andturningroundIrecognizedunge
youngStamford,whohadbeenadresserunder
undermeatBarts.Thesightofafriendly
ansigt
faceinthegreatwildernessofLondonisapleasantting
thingindeedtoalonelymand
man.InolddaysStamford
havde
hadneverbeenaparticularcronyofmin
mine,butnowIhailedhimmed
withenthusiasm,andhe,inhisturn,appearedtobedelightedtose
seeme.Intheexuberanceofmyjoy,I
bad
askedhimtolunchwithmeattheHolborn,og
andwestartedofftogetherinen
ahansom.“Whateverhaveyoubeen
gjort
doingwithyourself,Watson?”he
spurgte
askedinundisguisedwonder,aswerattledgennem
throughthecrowdedLondonstreets.“Youareasthinas
en
alathandasbrownasen
anut.”Igavehim
en
ashortsketchofmyadventures,og
andhadhardlyconcludeditbythetidspunkt
timethatwereachedourdestination.“Poordevil!”
he
sagde
said,commiseratingly,afterhehadlistenedtomymisfortunes.“Whatareyouuptonow?”
“Lookingforlodgings,”I
svarede
answered.“Tryingtosolvetheproblemastowhetheritis
muligt
possibletogetcomfortableroomsaten
areasonableprice.”“That’sastrangething,”remarkedmycompanion;
“youarethe
anden
secondmanto-daythathasbrugt
usedthatexpressiontome.”“And
hvem
whowasthefirst?”I
spurgte
asked.“Afellowwhois
arbejder
workingatthechemicallaboratoryoppe
upatthehospital.Hewasbemoaninghimselfthismorning
fordi
becausehecouldnotgetnogen
someonetogohalveswithhiminnogle
someniceroomswhichhehadfound,og
andwhichweretoomuchforhispurse.”“ByJove!”
Icried,“ifhe
virkelig
reallywantssomeonetoshareden
theroomsandtheexpense,Iamden
theverymanforhim.Ishouldprefer
have
havingapartnertobeingalone.”Unge
YoungStamfordlookedratherstrangelyatmeover
overhiswine-glass.“Youdon’t
kender
knowSherlockHolmesyet,”hesagde
said;“perhapsyouwouldnotcareforhimas
en
aconstantcompanion.”“Why,whatis
der
thereagainsthim?”“Oh,Ididn’t
sagde
saytherewasanythingagainstham
him.Heisalittlequeerinhisideas—anenthusiastin
nogle
somebranchesofscience.As
vidt
farasIknowheisen
adecentfellowenough.”“Amedicalstudent,Isuppose?”
sagde
saidI.“No—Ihavenoideawhatheintendstogoinfor.
I
tror
believeheiswellupinanatomy,og
andheisafirst-classchemist;men
but,asfarasIved
know,hehasnevertakenoutnogen
anysystematicmedicalclasses.Hisstudiesareverydesultory
og
andeccentric,buthehasamasseden
alotofout-of-thewayknowledgesom
whichwouldastonishhisprofessors.”“Didyou
aldrig
neveraskhimwhathewasgoinginfor?”I
spurgte
asked.“No;
heisnot
en
amanthatitislet
easytodrawout,thoughhekan
canbecommunicativeenoughwhenthefancyseizeshim.”“Ishould
gerne
liketomeethim,”Isagde
said.“IfIamtolodge
med
withanyone,Ishouldpreferen
amanofstudiousandstille
quiethabits.Iamnotstrong
nok
enoughyettostandmuchnoiseeller
orexcitement.Ihadenoughof
begge
bothinAfghanistantolastmefortheremainderofmynaturalexistence.Hvordan
HowcouldImeetthisven
friendofyours?”“Heis
helt sikkert
suretobeatthelaboratory,”returnedmycompanion.“He
enten
eitheravoidstheplaceforweeks,eller
orelseheworkstherefrommorgen
morningtonight.Ifyoulike,weshall
køre
driveroundtogetherafterluncheon.”“Certainly,”I
svarede
answered,andtheconversationdriftedawayintoandre
otherchannels.Aswemadeour
vej
waytothehospitalafterforladt
leavingtheHolborn,Stamfordgavemeet
afewmoreparticularsaboutden
thegentlemanwhomIproposedtotage
takeasafellow-lodger.“Youmustn’tblameme
hvis
ifyoudon’tgetonmed
withhim,”hesaid;“I
ved
knownothingmoreofhimend
thanIhavelearnedfrommøde
meetinghimoccasionallyinthelaboratory.Youproposed
denne
thisarrangement,soyoumustnotholde
holdmeresponsible.”“Ifwedon’t
kommer
getonitwillbelet
easytopartcompany,”Isvarede
answered.“Itseemstome,Stamford,”Iadded,
ser
lookinghardatmycompanion,“thatyouhar
havesomereasonforwashingyourhandsofthesagen
matter.Isthisfellow’stempersoformidable,
eller
orwhatisit?Don’tbemealy-mouthed
om
aboutit.”“Itisnot
let
easytoexpresstheinexpressible,”hesvarede
answeredwithalaugh.“Holmesisa
lidt
littletooscientificformytastes—itapproachestocold-bloodedness.I
kunne
couldimaginehisgivingaven
friendalittlepinchofdet
thelatestvegetablealkaloid,notoutofmalevolence,youforstår
understand,butsimplyoutofaspiritofinquiryinordertofå
haveanaccurateideaofdet
theeffects.Todohimjustice,I
tror
thinkthathewouldtakeithimselfmed
withthesamereadiness.Heappearsto
have
haveapassionfordefiniteog
andexactknowledge.”“Veryrighttoo.”
“Yes,
men
butitmaybepushedtoexcess.Når
Whenitcomestobeatingthesubjectsinthedissecting-roomsmed
withastick,itiscertainlytager
takingratherabizarreshape.”“Beatingthesubjects!”
“Yes,toverify
hvor
howfarbruisesmaybeproducedefter
afterdeath.Isawhimatit
med
withmyowneyes.”“And
alligevel
yetyousayheisnotamedicalstudent?”“No.
Heaven
ved
knowswhattheobjectsofhisstudiesare.Men
Buthereweare,andyoumå
mustformyourownimpressionsabouthim.”Ashe
talte
spoke,weturneddownanarrowlaneog
andpassedthroughasmallside-door,whichåbnede
openedintoawingofthestore
greathospital.Itwasfamiliargroundto
mig
me,andIneedednoguidingasweascendedthebleakstonestaircaseog
andmadeourwaydownthelongcorridormed
withitsvistaofwhitewashedwallog
anddun-coloureddoors.Nearthefurther
ende
endalowarchedpassagebranchedvæk
awayfromitandledtothechemicallaboratory.Dette
Thiswasaloftychamber,linedog
andlitteredwithcountlessbottles.Broad,lowtableswerescattered
omkring
about,whichbristledwithretorts,test-tubes,og
andlittleBunsenlamps,withtheirblueflickeringflames.Therewas
kun
onlyonestudentintheroom,whowasbendingover
overadistanttableabsorbedinhisarbejde
work.Atthesoundofourstepsheglancedround
og
andsprangtohisfeetmed
withacryofpleasure.“I’vefound
den
it!I’vefoundit,”heshoutedtomycompanion,
løb
runningtowardsuswithatest-tubeinhishånden
hand.“Ihavefoundare-agent
der
whichisprecipitatedbyhæmoglobin,og
andbynothingelse.”Hadhediscovered
en
agoldmine,greaterdelightkunne
couldnothaveshoneuponhisfeatures.“Dr.
Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,”
sagde
saidStamford,introducingus.“Howareyou?”
he
sagde
saidcordially,grippingmyhandmed
withastrengthforwhichIskulle
shouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit.“You
har
havebeeninAfghanistan,Iperceive.”“Howon
alverden
earthdidyouknowthat?”I
spurgte
askedinastonishment.“Nevermind,”said
han
he,chucklingtohimself.“Thequestion
nu
nowisabouthæmoglobin.Nodoubtyouseethesignificanceofthisdiscoveryofmine?”
“Itisinteresting,chemically,nodoubt,”I
svarede
answered,“butpractically——”.“Why,man,itisthe
mest
mostpracticalmedico-legaldiscoveryforyears.Don’tyou
se
seethatitgivesusen
aninfallibletestforbloodstains.Kom
Comeoverherenow!”Heseizedmebythecoat-sleeveinhiseagerness,
og
anddrewmeovertothetableathvor
whichhehadbeenworking.“Letus
få
havesomefreshblood,”hesagde
said,diggingalongbodkinintohisfinger,og
anddrawingofftheresultingdropofbloodinen
achemicalpipette.“Now,Iadd
denne
thissmallquantityofbloodtoen
alitreofwater.Youperceive
at
thattheresultingmixturehasden
theappearanceofpurewater.Theproportionof
blod
bloodcannotbemorethanoneinamillion
million.Ihavenodoubt,however,thatweshallbe
stand
abletoobtainthecharacteristicreaction.”Ashe
talte
spoke,hethrewintothevesselapar
fewwhitecrystals,andthenaddednogle
somedropsofatransparentfluid.Inaninstantthecontentsassumedadullmahoganycolour,
og
andabrownishdustwasprecipitatedtothebottomoftheglassjar.“Ha!
ha!”
hecried,clappinghishands,
og
andlookingasdelightedaset
achildwithanewtoy.“Whatdoyou
synes
thinkofthat?”“Itseemstobe
en
averydelicatetest,”Iremarked.“Beautiful!
smukt
beautiful!TheoldGuiacumtestwas
meget
veryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthemicroscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.
Thelatterisvalueless
hvis
ifthestainsareapar
fewhoursold.Now,thisappearstoactas
godt
wellwhetherthebloodisoldeller
ornew.Hadthistestbeeninvented,therearehundredsofmen
nu
nowwalkingtheearthwhoville
wouldlongagohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes.”“Indeed!”
Imurmured.
“Criminalcasesarecontinuallyhinginguponthat
ene
onepoint.Amanissuspectedof
en
acrimemonthsperhapsafterithasbeencommitted.Hislinen
eller
orclothesareexamined,andbrownishstainsdiscoveredupondem
them.Aretheybloodstains,
eller
ormudstains,orruststains,eller
orfruitstains,orwhatarethey?Thatisa
spørgsmål
questionwhichhaspuzzledmanyanexpert,og
andwhy?Becausetherewas
ikke
noreliabletest.Nowwe
har
havetheSherlockHolmes’test,og
andtherewillnolongerbenogen
anydifficulty.”Hiseyesfairlyglitteredashespoke,
og
andheputhishandover
overhisheartandbowedasiftonogle
someapplaudingcrowdconjuredupbyhisimagination.“Youaretobecongratulated,”Iremarked,considerablysurprisedathisenthusiasm.
“Therewasthe
sagen
caseofVonBischoffatFrankfortsidste
lastyear.Hewouldcertainly
havde
havebeenhunghadthistestbeeninexistence.Then
der
therewasMasonofBradford,og
andthenotoriousMuller,andLefevreofMontpellier,og
andSamsonofNewOrleans.I
kunne
couldnameascoreofcasesinhvor
whichitwouldhavebeendecisive.”“Youseemtobeawalkingcalendarofcrime,”
sagde
saidStamfordwithalaugh.“You
kunne
mightstartapaperonde
thoselines.Callitthe‘Police
Nyheder
NewsofthePast.’”.“Veryinterestingreadingit
kunne
mightbemade,too,”remarkedSherlockHolmes,stickinget
asmallpieceofplasterover
overtheprickonhisfinger.“Ihavetobecareful,”hecontinued,turningtome
med
withasmile,“forIdabblemed
withpoisonsagooddeal.”Heheldouthis
hånd
handashespoke,andInoticedat
thatitwasallmottledover
overwithsimilarpiecesofplaster,og
anddiscolouredwithstrongacids.“We
kom
camehereonbusiness,”saidStamford,sidder
sittingdownonahighthree-leggedstool,og
andpushinganotheroneinmydirectionmed
withhisfoot.“Myfriend
her
herewantstotakediggings,og
andasyouwerecomplainingthatyoukunne
couldgetnoonetogå
gohalveswithyou,Itænkte
thoughtthatIhadbetterbringe
bringyoutogether.”SherlockHolmesseemeddelightedatthe
tanken
ideaofsharinghisroomsmed
withme.“Ihavemyeyeon
en
asuiteinBakerStreet,”hesagde
said,“whichwouldsuitusned
downtotheground.Youdon’t
noget imod
mindthesmellofstrongtobacco,Ihope?”“I
altid
alwayssmoke‘ship’s’myself,”Isvarede
answered.“That’sgoodenough.
Igenerally
har
havechemicalsabout,andoccasionallylaver
doexperiments.Wouldthatannoyyou?”
“By
ikke
nomeans.”“Letmesee—whataremy
andre
othershortcomings.Igetinthedumpsattimes,
og
anddon’topenmymouthfordaysonend.You
må
mustnotthinkIamsulkynår
whenIdothat.Just
lad
letmealone,andI’llsnart
soonberight.Whathaveyoutoconfess
nu
now?It’sjustaswellfor
to
twofellowstoknowtheworstofoneanotherfør
beforetheybegintolivetogether.”Ilaughedat
denne
thiscross-examination.“Ikeepabullpup,”I
sagde
said,“andIobjecttorowsfordi
becausemynervesareshaken,og
andIgetupatalle
allsortsofungodlyhours,og
andIamextremelylazy.I
har
haveanothersetofvicesnår
whenI’mwell,butthosearetheprincipalonesatpresent.”“Doyouincludeviolin-playinginyourcategoryofrows?”
he
spurgte
asked,anxiously.“Itdependsontheplayer,”I
svarede
answered.“Awell-playedviolinisatreatforthegods—abadly-playedone——”.
“Oh,that’sallright,”hecried,
med
withamerrylaugh.“I
tror
thinkwemayconsiderthethingassettled—thatis,hvis
iftheroomsareagreeabletoyou.”“Whenshallwe
se
seethem?”“Callforme
her
hereatnoonto-morrow,andwe’llgå
gotogetherandsettleeverything,”hesvarede
answered.“Allright—noonexactly,”said
Jeg
I,shakinghishand.We
efterlod
lefthimworkingamonghischemicals,og
andwewalkedtogethertowardsmyhotel.“Bytheway,”I
spurgte
askedsuddenly,stoppingandturninguponStamford,“howthedeucedidhevidste
knowthatIhadcomefromAfghanistan?”Mycompanionsmiled
et
anenigmaticalsmile.“That’sjusthis
lille
littlepeculiarity,”hesaid.“Agoodmany
mennesker
peoplehavewantedtoknowhvordan
howhefindsthingsout.”“Oh!
et
amysteryisit?”Icried,rubbingmyhands.
“Thisis
meget
verypiquant.Iammuchobligedtoyoufor
bragt
bringingustogether.‘Theproperstudyofmankindisman,’youknow.”
“You
må
muststudyhim,then,”Stamfordsagde
said,ashebademegood-bye.“You’ll
finde
findhimaknottyproblem,though.I’llwagerhe
lærer
learnsmoreaboutyouthanyouom
abouthim.Good-bye.”
CHAPTERII.THESCIENCEOFDEDUCTION.