PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspecting
že
thatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedtopochopit
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousnessa
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveobvykle
usuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilleda
andunseemlymethodsforwinningaženy
woman?Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
a
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastandss
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!Fortherearescoffers
kteří
whomaintainthatithasfallen,že
thatalldogmaliesontheground—nayvíc
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.Ale
Buttospeakseriously,therearedobré
goodgroundsforhopingthatveškeré
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateverslavnostní
solemn,whateverconclusiveanddecidedairsithasassumed,může
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilisma
andtyronism;andprobablythe
čas
timeisathandwhenitwillbeoncea
andagainunderstoodWHAThasskutečně
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposinga
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:možná
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,která
which,intheformofsubjektu
subject-andego-superstition,hasnot
ještě
yetceaseddoingmischief):perhapssome
hrají
playuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgramatiky
grammar,oranaudaciousgeneralizationofvelmi
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.The
filozofie
philosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,wasjen
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearspoté
afterwards,aswasastrologyinještě
stillearliertimes,intheserviceofkteré
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,a
andpatiencehavebeenspentnež
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:weowetoit,
a
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsiaa
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.Itseems
že
thatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthesrdce
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,všechny
allgreatthingshavefirsttopotulovat
wanderabouttheearthasobrovské
enormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:dogmatic
filozofie
philosophyhasbeenacaricatureoftohoto
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoktrína
doctrineinAsia,andPlatonisminEurope.Letusnotbeungratefultoit,
ačkoli
althoughitmustcertainlybeconfessedže
thattheworst,themosttiresome,a
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'svynález
inventionofPureSpiritandtheGoodinItself.Ale
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,když
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,může
canagaindrawbreathfreelya
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,Jejichž
WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrengthkteré
whichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
a
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thezákladní
fundamentalcondition—oflife,tospeakofDuchu
SpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeofnich
them;indeedonemightask,asa
lékař
physician:"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthat
nejlepší
finestproductofantiquity,Plato?HadthewickedSocrates
opravdu
reallycorruptedhim?WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
a
anddeservedhishemlock?"Butthe
boj
struggleagainstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,a
andforthe"people"—thestruggleproti
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianityPro
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificentnapětí
tensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistednikde
anywherepreviously;withsuchatenselystrained
lukem
bowonecannowaimatthefurthestgoals.Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
toto
thistensionasastateofdistress,a
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandvelkém stylu
styletounbendthebow:jednou
oncebymeansofJesuitism,a
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,s
withtheaidoflibertyofthepressa
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthattheduch
spiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
ale
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)Ale
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevendostatečně
sufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,a
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveitstále
still,allthedistressofducha
spiritandallthetensionofitsluk
bow!Andperhapsalsothe
šíp
arrow,theduty,and,whoknows?THEGOALTO
Zaměřit
AIMAT....CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Vůle
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptustomnoha
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhichvšichni
allphilosophershavehithertospokens
withrespect,whatquestionshastato
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbeforenás
us!Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
už
alreadyalongstory;yetitseemsasifitwere
sotva
hardlycommenced.Isitany
divu
wonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losetrpělivost
patience,andturnimpatientlyaway?Že
ThatthisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?Kdo
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstoustady
here?WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nás
us?Infactwemadea
dlouho
longhaltatthequestionastothepůvodu
originofthisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstillpřed
beforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.Weinquiredabout
na
theVALUEofthisWill.Granted
že
thatwewantthetruth:Proč
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?Anduncertainty?
Even
neznalost
ignorance?Theproblemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditself
před
beforeus—orwasitwekdo
whopresentedourselvesbeforetheproblém
problem?WhichofusistheOedipus
tady
here?WhichtheSphinx?
Itwould
zdá
seemtobearendezvousofquestionsa
andnotesofinterrogation.Andcoulditbebelieved
že
thatitatlastseemstousasiftheproblém
problemhadneverbeenpropoundedpředtím
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,a
andRISKRAISINGit?Forthereis
nebezpečí
riskinraisingit,perhapsthereisnovětší
greaterrisk.2.
"HOWCOULD
něco
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?Forexample,truthoutoferror?
nebo
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthevůle
willtodeception?orthegenerousdeedoutof
sobectví
selfishness?orthepuresun-bright
vidění
visionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?Such
geneze
genesisisimpossible;whoeverdreamsofitisafool,
ne
nay,worsethanafool;thingsofthehighestvalue
musí
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—intomto
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltrysvětě
world,inthisturmoilofdelusiona
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirzdroj
source.Butratherinthe
klíně
lapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealedBohu
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirzdroj
source,andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofuvažování
reasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimeslze
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;through
této
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"forněco
somethingthatisintheendslavnostně
solemnlychristened"theTruth."The
základní
fundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEVíra
BELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.It
nikdy
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubttady
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,však
however,wasmostnecessary);thoughtheyhadmadea
slavnostní
solemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."Foritmaybedoubted,
prvé
firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;a
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluationsa
andantithesesofvalueuponkteré
whichmetaphysicianshavesettheirpečeť
seal,arenotperhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,kromě
besidesbeingprobablymadefromsomerohu
corner,perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,topůjčit
borrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.Inspiteof
veškeré
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,a
andtheunselfish,itmightbemožné
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalvalueforživot
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,tosobectví
selfishness,andcupidity.Itmight
dokonce
evenbepossiblethatWHATconstitutesthehodnotu
valueofthosegoodandrespectedthings,consistsprávě
preciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,a
andcrochetedtotheseevila
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingpodstatě
essentiallyidenticalwiththem.Perhaps!
Ale
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!Forthatinvestigationone
třeba
mustawaittheadventofanového
neworderofphilosophers,suchasbudou
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,na
thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersofna
thedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseofna
theterm.Andtospeakinallseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
a
andhavingreadbetweentheirlinesdlouho
longenough,Inowsaytomyselfže
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinkingmusí
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,a
anditissoeveninthepřípadě
caseofphilosophicalthinking;onehas
tu
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanewo
aboutheredityand"innateness."As
málo
littleastheactofnarození
birthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocessa
andprocedureofheredity,justasmálo
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;thegreater
část
partoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopheristajně
secretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,a
andforcedintodefinitechannels.A
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,nebo
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthejisté
certainisworthmorethanthenejisté
uncertain,thatillusionislessvaluablenež
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportanceforNás
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchasmohou
maybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.Supposing,ineffect,
že
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."4.
Thefalsenessofan
názoru
opinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:itis
tady
here,perhaps,thatournewjazyk
languagesoundsmoststrangely.Thequestion
je
is,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,možná
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintainže
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioripatří
belong),arethemostindispensabletonás
us,thatwithoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,bez
withoutacomparisonofrealitys
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolutea
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthesvěta
worldbymeansofnumbers,člověk
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationofživot
life,anegationoflife.TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatis
jistě
certainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerousmanner,a
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfmimo
beyondgoodandevil.5.
Že
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfullya
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeatedobjev
discoveryhowinnocenttheyare—howčasto
oftenandeasilytheymakemistakesa
andlosetheirway,inshort,jak
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—butže
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealings
withthem,whereastheyallraisealouda
andvirtuousoutcrywhentheproblém
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestzpůsobem
manner.Theyallposeasthoughtheir
skutečné
realopinionshadbeendiscovereda
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofachladné
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrasttovšichni
allsortsofmystics,who,fairera
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedtvrzení
proposition,idea,or"suggestion,"whichisobecně
generallytheirheart'sdesireabstracteda
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtoutpo
aftertheevent.Theyare
všichni
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedastakové
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—andVelmi
VERYfarfromhavingthesvědomí
consciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,velmi
veryfarfromhavingthedobrou
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoessodaleko
farastoletthisbeunderstood,možná
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,nebo
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,
stejně
equallystiffanddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatvedou
lead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,wekteří
whofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralistsa
andethicalpreachers.Or,still
více
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmatematické
mathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinpošty
mailandmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"topřeložit
translatethetermfairlyandsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothesrdci
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastapohled
glanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimiditya
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!6.
Ithas
postupně
graduallybecomecleartomewhateverygreatfilozofie
philosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,thevyznání
confessionofitsoriginator,andaspeciesofnedobrovolné
involuntaryandunconsciousauto-biography;andmoreover
že
thatthemoral(orimmoral)účel
purposeineveryphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichthecelá
entireplanthasalwaysgrown.Indeed,tounderstand
jak
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itisvždy
alwayswell(andwise)tonejprve
firstaskoneself:"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonotbelieve
že
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"istheotcem
fatherofphilosophy;butthat
jiný
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,haspouze
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenznalosti
knowledge!)asaninstrument.
Butwhoeverconsidersthe
základní
fundamentalimpulsesofmanwithaviewtodetermininghowfartheymayhavezde
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENIIČi
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfindže
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatonedobě
timeoranother,andthatkaždý
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeenjen
onlytoogladtolookuponitselfasthekonečný
ultimateendofexistenceandthelegitimatePána
LORDoveralltheotherimpulses.For
každý
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.Tobe
určitě
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthepřípadě
caseofreallyscientificmen,itmůže
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;therethere
může
mayreallybesuchavěc
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindofmalý
small,independentclock-work,which,whendobře
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,Bez
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterialčást
parttherein.Theactual"interests"ofthe
učence
scholar,therefore,aregenerallyinzcela
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,možná
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;itis,infact,
téměř
almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhismalý
littlemachineisplaced,andzda
whetherthehopefulyoungworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,ahouby
mushroomspecialist,orachemist;heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
nebo
orthat.Inthephilosopher,onthe
naopak
contrary,thereisabsolutelynothingimpersonal;a
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecideda
anddecisivetestimonyastoKdo
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhatpořadí
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhispovahy
naturestandtoeachother.7.
Jak
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!Iknowof
nic
nothingmorestingingthanthevtip
jokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlatoa
andthePlatonists;hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
a
andonthefaceofit,theslovo
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessoriesa
andlick-spittles;besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
říci
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereisnic
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopulární
popularnameforanactor).A
Andthelatterisreallyna
themalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:hewasannoyedbythegrandiose
způsobem
manner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlatoa
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!On
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhismalé
littlegardenatAthens,andwrotetři
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofragea
andambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!Greecetooka
sto
hundredyearstofindoutkdo
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisa
bod
pointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescénu
scene;or,toputitinthewordsofan
starověké
ancientmystery:.Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Žít
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
Představte si
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagantní
extravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,withoutpurposenebo
orconsideration,withoutpityorspravedlnosti
justice,atoncefruitfulandbarrena
anduncertain:imaginetoyourselves
Lhostejnost
INDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyoužít
liveinaccordancewithsuchlhostejnost
indifference?Tolive—isnotthat
jen
justendeavouringtobeotherwisenež
thanthisNature?Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
jiný
different?Andgrantedthatyour
imperativ
imperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"meansve skutečnosti
actuallythesameas"livingpodle
accordingtolife"—howcouldyouudělat
doDIFFERENTLY?Whyshouldyou
dělat
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,a
andmustbe?Inreality,
však
however,itisquiteotherwises
withyou:whileyoupretendtoread
s
withrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youwantněco
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-playersa
andself-deluders!Inyourprideyouwishto
diktovat
dictateyourmoralsandidealstoNature,toNatureherself,a
andtoincorporatethemtherein;youinsist
že
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"a
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,věčná
eternalglorificationandgeneralismofStoicism!S
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvessodlouho
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigiditytovidět
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,že
thatyouarenolongerabletovidět
seeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehopeže
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewilltaké
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:isnottheStoica
Součástí
PARTofNature?...Butthisisan
starý
oldandeverlastingstory:whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappens
dnes
today,assoonaseverafilozofie
philosophybeginstobelieveinitself.It
vždycky
alwayscreatestheworldinitsownimage;itcannotdo
jinak
otherwise;philosophyisthistyrannical
impuls
impulseitself,themostspiritualVůle
WilltoPower,thewillto"creationoftheworld,"thevůle
willtothecausaprima.10.
Theeagerness
a
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,s
withwhichtheproblemof"thereala
andtheapparentworld"isdealts
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthoughta
andattention;andhewhohears
jen
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthepozadí
background,andnothingelse,cannotjistě
certainlyboastofthesharpestears.Inrare
a
andisolatedcases,itmayskutečně
reallyhavehappenedthatsuchaVůle
WilltoTruth—acertainextravaganta
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambice
ambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:thatwhichintheend
vždy
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;tam
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofsvědomí
conscience,whoprefertoputtheirposlední
lasttrustinasurenic
nothing,ratherthaninannejisté
uncertainsomething.ButthatisNihilism,
a
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedduše
soul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsuchactnost
virtuemaydisplay.Itseems,
však
however,tobeotherwisewithstrongera
andlivelierthinkerswhoarestále
stilleagerforlife.In
že
thattheysideAGAINSTappearance,a
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"inže
thattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodieso
aboutaslowasthedůvěryhodnost
credibilityoftheocularevidenceže
that"theearthstandsstill,"a
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescapeZa
(forwhatdoesoneatsoučasné
presentbelieveinmorefirmlynež
thaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenotopravdu
reallytryingtowinbackněco
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,něco
somethingoftheolddomainofthevíry
faithofformertimes,perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"možná
perhaps"theoldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycouldžít
livebetter,thatistosay,morevigorouslya
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?Thereis
Nedůvěra
DISTRUSTofthesemodernideasintomto
thismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedvčera
yesterdayandtoday;thereis
možná
perhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatietya
andscorn,whichcannolongervydržet
enduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedpůvodu
origin,suchasso-calledPositivismatsoučasné
presentthrowsonthemarket;a
znechucení
disgustofthemorerefinedchuť
tasteatthevillage-fairmotleynessa
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereisnic
nothingeithernewortrue,kromě
exceptthismotleyness.Thereinitseemstome
že
thatweshouldagreewithtěmi
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;their
instinkt
instinct,whichrepelsthemfromModerní
MODERNreality,isunrefuted...whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nás
us!ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
že
thattheywishtogo"back,"ale
butthattheywishtodostat
getAWAYtherefrom.Alittle
Víc
MOREstrength,swing,courage,andumělecké
artisticpower,andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!11.
Itseemstomethatthereis
všude
everywhereanattemptatpresenttoodvrátit
divertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,a
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythehodnotu
valuewhichhesetuponhimself.Kantwasfirstand
především
foremostproudofhisTableofCategories;s
withitinhishandhesaid:"Thisisthemostdifficult
věc
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonprospěch
behalfofmetaphysics."Letus
jen
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!Hewas
hrdý
proudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,na
thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.Granting
že
thathedeceivedhimselfintéto
thismatter;thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGerman
filozofie
philosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,a
andontheeagerrivalryofthemladší
youngergenerationtodiscoverifmožné
possiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—ofkteré
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso."HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
odpověď
answer?"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—but
bohužel
unfortunatelynotinfivewords,ale
butsocircumstantially,imposingly,ands
withsuchdisplayofGermanprofunditya
andverbalflourishes,thatonezcela
altogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedintakové
suchananswer.Peoplewerebesidethemselves
s
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,a
andthejubilationreacheditsvrcholu
climaxwhenKantfurtherdiscoveredamorální
moralfacultyinman—foratthatdobě
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."ThencamethehoneymoonofGerman
filozofie
philosophy.AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingen
ústavu
institutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."A
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,a
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanducha
spirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousvíla
fairy,pipedandsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguishmezi
between"finding"and"inventing"!Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,
intelektuální
intellectualintuition,andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthepřirozeně
naturallypious-inclinedGermans.Onecan
udělat
donogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberanta
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstandingže
thatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoarya
andsenileconceptions),thantobrát
takeitseriously,orevenzacházet
treatitwithmoralindignation.Enough,however—the
svět
worldgrewolder,andthesen
dreamvanished.Atimecame
kdy
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,a
andtheystillrubthemtoday.Lidé
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirsta
andforemost—oldKant."Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
nebo
oratleastmeanttoříct
say.But,isthat—ananswer?
An
vysvětlení
explanation?Orisitnot
spíše
rathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?Jak
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"
jmenovitě
namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthelékař
doctorinMoliere,.Butsuchreplies
patří
belongtotherealmofkomedie
comedy,anditishighčas
timetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefin
takové
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishighčas
timethatweshouldunderstandže
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthezachování
preservationofcreatureslikeourselves;ačkoli
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalešné
falsejudgments!Or,moreplainlyspoken,
a
androughlyandreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;wehave
žádné
norighttothem;inourmouthstheyarenothingbut
falešné
falsejudgments.Only,ofcourse,the
víra
beliefintheirtruthisnecessary,asplausiblevíra
beliefandocularevidencebelongingtothepohledu
perspectiveviewoflife.And
konečně
finally,tocalltomindtheenormousvliv
influencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—Ihopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthecelé
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadapodíl
shareinit;thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,the
ctnostné
virtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,a
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,tonajít
findanantidotetothestále
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelaststoletí
centuryintothis,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...