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Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Czech A1 Translation Books

Beyond Good and Evil | Gradually Hardening Czech A1 Translation Books

Embrace the benefits of this cutting-edge translation method, offering a tailored learning experience by letting you select the difficulty level that fits you best. It improves your comprehension by urging you to deduce meanings from context, reducing the need for constant translation. While some translations are intentionally masked to encourage guessing, it's always acceptable to check unfamiliar words. This method strikes the perfect balance between challenge and accessibility, making language learning both effective and enjoyable. Immerse yourself in these translated classics and uncover the pleasure of learning through literary exploration.

PREFACE
SUPPOSINGthatTruthisawoman—whatthen?
Istherenotgroundforsuspecting
že
thatallphilosophers,insofarastheyhavebeendogmatists,havefailedto
pochopit
understandwomen—thattheterribleseriousness
a
andclumsyimportunitywithwhichtheyhaveusuallypaidtheiraddressestoTruth,havebeenunskilled
a
andunseemlymethodsforwinninga
ženy
woman?
Certainlyshehasneverallowedherselftobewon;
a
andatpresenteverykindofdogmastands
s
withsadanddiscouragedmien—IF,indeed,itstandsatall!
Fortherearescoffers
kteří
whomaintainthatithasfallen,
že
thatalldogmaliesontheground—nay
víc
more,thatitisatitslastgasp.
Ale
Buttospeakseriously,thereare
dobré
goodgroundsforhopingthat
veškeré
alldogmatizinginphilosophy,whateversolemn,whateverconclusive
a
anddecidedairsithasassumed,
může
mayhavebeenonlyanoblepuerilism
a
andtyronism;
andprobablythe
čas
timeisathandwhenitwillbeonce
a
andagainunderstoodWHAThas
skutečně
actuallysufficedforthebasisofsuchimposing
a
andabsolutephilosophicaledificesasthedogmatistshavehithertoreared:
možná
perhapssomepopularsuperstitionofimmemorialtime(suchasthesoul-superstition,
která
which,intheformofsubject-
a
andego-superstition,hasnotyetceaseddoingmischief):
možná
perhapssomeplayuponwords,adeceptiononthepartofgrammar,
nebo
oranaudaciousgeneralizationof
velmi
veryrestricted,verypersonal,veryhuman—all-too-humanfacts.
Thephilosophyofthedogmatists,itistobehoped,was
jen
onlyapromiseforthousandsofyearsafterwards,aswasastrologyin
ještě
stillearliertimes,intheserviceof
které
whichprobablymorelabour,gold,acuteness,
a
andpatiencehavebeenspent
než
thanonanyactualsciencehitherto:
weowetoit,
a
andtoits"super-terrestrial"pretensionsinAsia
a
andEgypt,thegrandstyleofarchitecture.
Itseems
že
thatinordertoinscribethemselvesuponthe
srdce
heartofhumanitywitheverlastingclaims,
všechny
allgreatthingshavefirsttowanderaboutthe
zemi
earthasenormousandawe-inspiringcaricatures:
dogmaticphilosophyhasbeenacaricatureof
tohoto
thiskind—forinstance,theVedantadoctrineinAsia,
a
andPlatonisminEurope.
Letusnotbeungratefultoit,althoughit
třeba
mustcertainlybeconfessedthattheworst,themosttiresome,
a
andthemostdangerousoferrorshithertohasbeenadogmatisterror—namely,Plato'sinventionofPureSpirit
a
andtheGoodinItself.
Ale
Butnowwhenithasbeensurmounted,
když
whenEurope,ridofthisnightmare,
může
canagaindrawbreathfreely
a
andatleastenjoyahealthier—sleep,we,WHOSEDUTYISWAKEFULNESSITSELF,aretheheirsofallthestrength
které
whichthestruggleagainstthiserrorhasfostered.
Itamountedtotheveryinversionoftruth,
a
andthedenialofthePERSPECTIVE—thefundamentalcondition—oflife,to
mluvit
speakofSpiritandtheGoodasPlatospokeof
nich
them;
indeedonemightask,asaphysician:
"Howdidsuchamaladyattackthatfinestproductofantiquity,Plato?
HadthewickedSocrates
opravdu
reallycorruptedhim?
WasSocratesafterallacorrupterofyouths,
a
anddeservedhishemlock?"
Butthestruggle
proti
againstPlato,or—tospeakplainer,
a
andforthe"people"—thestruggle
proti
againsttheecclesiasticaloppressionofmillenniumsofChristianity
Pro
(FORCHRISTIANITYISPLATONISMFORTHE"PEOPLE"),producedinEuropeamagnificenttensionofsoul,suchashadnotexistedanywherepreviously;
s
withsuchatenselystrainedbowone
lze
cannowaimatthefurthestgoals.
Asamatteroffact,theEuropeanfeels
toto
thistensionasastateofdistress,
a
andtwiceattemptshavebeenmadeingrandstyletounbendthebow:
jednou
oncebymeansofJesuitism,
a
andthesecondtimebymeansofdemocraticenlightenment—which,
s
withtheaidoflibertyofthepress
a
andnewspaper-reading,might,infact,bringitaboutthatthespiritwouldnotsoeasilyfinditselfin"distress"!
(TheGermansinventedgunpowder—allcredittothem!
ale
buttheyagainmadethingssquare—theyinventedprinting.)
Ale
Butwe,whoareneitherJesuits,nordemocrats,norevensufficientlyGermans,weGOODEUROPEANS,
a
andfree,VERYfreespirits—wehaveit
stále
still,allthedistressofspirit
a
andallthetensionofitsbow!
A
Andperhapsalsothearrow,theduty,
a
and,whoknows?
THEGOALTOAIMAT....
CHAPTERI.PREJUDICESOFPHILOSOPHERS
1.
The
Vůle
WilltoTruth,whichistotemptusto
mnoha
manyahazardousenterprise,thefamousTruthfulnessofwhich
všichni
allphilosophershavehithertospoken
s
withrespect,whatquestionshas
tato
thisWilltoTruthnotlaidbefore
nás
us!
Whatstrange,perplexing,questionablequestions!
Itis
už
alreadyalongstory;
yetitseemsasifitwerehardlycommenced.
Isitanywonderifweatlastgrowdistrustful,losepatience,
a
andturnimpatientlyaway?
That
tato
thisSphinxteachesusatlasttoaskquestionsourselves?
Kdo
WHOisitreallythatputsquestionstous
tady
here?
WHATreallyisthis"WilltoTruth"in
nás
us?
Infactwemadea
dlouho
longhaltatthequestionastotheoriginof
této
thisWill—untilatlastwecametoanabsolutestandstill
před
beforeayetmorefundamentalquestion.
Weinquiredabout
na
theVALUEofthisWill.
Granted
že
thatwewantthetruth:
Proč
WHYNOTRATHERuntruth?
Anduncertainty?
Evenignorance?
The
problém
problemofthevalueoftruthpresenteditself
před
beforeus—orwasitwe
kdo
whopresentedourselvesbeforethe
problém
problem?
WhichofusistheOedipus
tady
here?
WhichtheSphinx?
Itwouldseemtobearendezvousofquestions
a
andnotesofinterrogation.
Andcoulditbebelieved
že
thatitatlastseemstousasifthe
problém
problemhadneverbeenpropounded
předtím
before,asifwewerethefirsttodiscernit,getasightofit,
a
andRISKRAISINGit?
Forthereisriskinraisingit,
možná
perhapsthereisnogreaterrisk.
2.
"HOWCOULD
něco
anythingoriginateoutofitsopposite?
Forexample,truthoutoferror?
nebo
ortheWilltoTruthoutofthe
vůle
willtodeception?
orthegenerousdeedoutofselfishness?
nebo
orthepuresun-brightvisionofthewisemanoutofcovetousness?
Suchgenesisisimpossible;
whoeverdreamsofitisafool,nay,worse
než
thanafool;
thingsofthehighestvalue
musí
musthaveadifferentorigin,anoriginofTHEIRown—in
tomto
thistransitory,seductive,illusory,paltry
světě
world,inthisturmoilofdelusion
a
andcupidity,theycannothavetheirsource.
Ale
ButratherinthelapofBeing,intheintransitory,intheconcealed
Bohu
God,inthe'Thing-in-itself—THEREmustbetheirsource,
a
andnowhereelse!"—Thismodeofreasoningdisclosesthetypicalprejudicebywhichmetaphysiciansofalltimes
lze
canberecognized,thismodeofvaluationisatthebackofalltheirlogicalprocedure;
through
této
this"belief"oftheirs,theyexertthemselvesfortheir"knowledge,"for
něco
somethingthatisintheendsolemnlychristened"theTruth."
ThefundamentalbeliefofmetaphysiciansisTHEBELIEFINANTITHESESOFVALUES.
It
nikdy
neveroccurredeventothewariestofthemtodoubt
tady
hereontheverythreshold(wheredoubt,however,was
nejvíce
mostnecessary);
thoughtheyhadmadeasolemnvow,"DEOMNIBUSDUBITANDUM."
Foritmaybedoubted,firstly,whetherantithesesexistatall;
a
andsecondly,whetherthepopularvaluations
a
andantithesesofvalueupon
které
whichmetaphysicianshavesettheirseal,arenot
možná
perhapsmerelysuperficialestimates,merelyprovisionalperspectives,besidesbeing
pravděpodobně
probablymadefromsomecorner,
možná
perhapsfrombelow—"frogperspectives,"asitwere,toborrowanexpressioncurrentamongpainters.
Inspiteof
veškeré
allthevaluewhichmaybelongtothetrue,thepositive,
a
andtheunselfish,itmightbe
možné
possiblethatahigherandmorefundamentalvaluefor
život
lifegenerallyshouldbeassignedtopretence,tothewilltodelusion,toselfishness,
a
andcupidity.
Itmightevenbe
možné
possiblethatWHATconstitutesthevalueofthosegood
a
andrespectedthings,consistspreciselyintheirbeinginsidiouslyrelated,knotted,
a
andcrochetedtotheseevil
a
andapparentlyopposedthings—perhapseveninbeingessentiallyidentical
s
withthem.
Perhaps!
Butwhowishestoconcernhimselfwithsuchdangerous"Perhapses"!
Forthatinvestigationone
třeba
mustawaittheadventofa
nového
neworderofphilosophers,suchas
budou
willhaveothertastesandinclinations,
na
thereverseofthosehithertoprevalent—philosophersof
na
thedangerous"Perhaps"ineverysenseof
na
theterm.
Andtospeakinallseriousness,Iseesuchnewphilosophersbeginningtoappear.
3.
Havingkeptasharpeyeonphilosophers,
a
andhavingreadbetweentheirlines
dlouho
longenough,Inowsaytomyself
že
thatthegreaterpartofconsciousthinking
musí
mustbecountedamongtheinstinctivefunctions,
a
anditissoeveninthe
případě
caseofphilosophicalthinking;
onehas
tu
heretolearnanew,asonelearnedanew
o
aboutheredityand"innateness."
As
málo
littleastheactofbirthcomesintoconsiderationinthewholeprocess
a
andprocedureofheredity,justas
málo
littleis"being-conscious"OPPOSEDtotheinstinctiveinanydecisivesense;
thegreater
část
partoftheconsciousthinkingofaphilosopherissecretlyinfluencedbyhisinstincts,
a
andforcedintodefinitechannels.
A
Andbehindalllogicanditsseemingsovereigntyofmovement,therearevaluations,
nebo
ortospeakmoreplainly,physiologicaldemands,forthemaintenanceofadefinitemodeoflifeForexample,thatthecertainisworthmore
než
thantheuncertain,thatillusionislessvaluable
než
than"truth"suchvaluations,inspiteoftheirregulativeimportancefor
Nás
US,mightnotwithstandingbeonlysuperficialvaluations,specialkindsofniaiserie,suchas
mohou
maybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofbeingssuchasourselves.
Supposing,ineffect,
že
thatmanisnotjustthe"measureofthings."
4.
Thefalsenessofanopinionisnotforusanyobjectiontoit:
itis
tady
here,perhaps,thatournewlanguagesoundsmoststrangely.
Thequestion
je
is,howfaranopinionislife-furthering,life-preserving,species-preserving,
možná
perhapsspecies-rearing,andwearefundamentallyinclinedtomaintain
že
thatthefalsestopinions(towhichthesyntheticjudgmentsaprioribelong),arethe
nejvíce
mostindispensabletous,that
bez
withoutarecognitionoflogicalfictions,
bez
withoutacomparisonofreality
s
withthepurelyIMAGINEDworldoftheabsolute
a
andimmutable,withoutaconstantcounterfeitingofthe
světa
worldbymeansofnumbers,
člověk
mancouldnotlive—thattherenunciationoffalseopinionswouldbearenunciationof
život
life,anegationoflife.
TORECOGNISEUNTRUTHASACONDITIONOFLIFE;
thatiscertainlytoimpugnthetraditionalideasofvalueinadangerousmanner,
a
andaphilosophywhichventurestodoso,hastherebyaloneplaceditselfbeyondgood
a
andevil.
5.
Thatwhichcausesphilosopherstoberegardedhalf-distrustfully
a
andhalf-mockingly,isnottheoft-repeateddiscovery
jak
howinnocenttheyare—howoften
a
andeasilytheymakemistakes
a
andlosetheirway,inshort,
jak
howchildishandchildliketheyare,—but
že
thatthereisnotenoughhonestdealing
s
withthem,whereastheyallraisealoud
a
andvirtuousoutcrywhenthe
problém
problemoftruthfulnessisevenhintedatintheremotestmanner.
They
všichni
allposeasthoughtheir
skutečné
realopinionshadbeendiscovered
a
andattainedthroughtheself-evolvingofa
chladné
cold,pure,divinelyindifferentdialectic(incontrastto
všichni
allsortsofmystics,who,fairer
a
andfoolisher,talkof"inspiration"),whereas,infact,aprejudicedproposition,
myšlenka
idea,or"suggestion,"whichisgenerallytheirheart'sdesireabstracted
a
andrefined,isdefendedbythemwithargumentssoughtout
po
aftertheevent.
Theyare
všichni
alladvocateswhodonotwishtoberegardedas
takové
such,generallyastutedefenders,also,oftheirprejudices,whichtheydub"truths,"—and
Velmi
VERYfarfromhavingtheconsciencewhichbravelyadmitsthistoitself,
velmi
veryfarfromhavingthe
dobrou
goodtasteofthecouragewhichgoesso
daleko
farastoletthisbeunderstood,
možná
perhapstowarnfriendorfoe,
nebo
orincheerfulconfidenceandself-ridicule.
ThespectacleoftheTartufferyofoldKant,equallystiff
a
anddecent,withwhichheenticesusintothedialecticby-waysthatlead(morecorrectlymislead)tohis"categoricalimperative"—makesusfastidiousonessmile,we
kteří
whofindnosmallamusementinspyingoutthesubtletricksofoldmoralists
a
andethicalpreachers.
Or,still
více
moreso,thehocus-pocusinmathematicalform,bymeansofwhichSpinozahas,asitwere,cladhisphilosophyinmail
a
andmask—infact,the"loveofHISwisdom,"totranslatethetermfairly
a
andsquarely—inordertherebytostriketerroratonceintothe
srdci
heartoftheassailantwhoshoulddaretocastaglanceonthatinvinciblemaiden,thatPallasAthene:—howmuchofpersonaltimidity
a
andvulnerabilitydoesthismasqueradeofasicklyreclusebetray!
6.
Ithasgraduallybecome
jasné
cleartomewhateverygreatphilosophyuptillnowhasconsistedof—namely,theconfessionofitsoriginator,
a
andaspeciesofinvoluntary
a
andunconsciousauto-biography;
andmoreover
že
thatthemoral(orimmoral)purposein
každé
everyphilosophyhasconstitutedthetruevitalgermoutofwhichtheentireplanthas
vždy
alwaysgrown.
Indeed,tounderstand
jak
howtheabstrusestmetaphysicalassertionsofaphilosopherhavebeenarrivedat,itis
vždy
alwayswell(andwise)to
nejprve
firstaskoneself:
"Whatmoralitydothey(ordoeshe)aimat?"
Accordingly,Idonotbelieve
že
thatan"impulsetoknowledge"isthe
otcem
fatherofphilosophy;
butthat
jiný
anotherimpulse,hereaselsewhere,has
pouze
onlymadeuseofknowledge(andmistakenknowledge!)
asaninstrument.
Ale
Butwhoeverconsidersthefundamentalimpulsesofman
s
withaviewtodetermininghowfartheymayhave
zde
hereactedasINSPIRINGGENII
Či
(orasdemonsandcobolds),willfind
že
thattheyhaveallpracticedphilosophyatone
době
timeoranother,andthat
každý
eachoneofthemwouldhavebeen
jen
onlytoogladtolookuponitselfastheultimateendofexistence
a
andthelegitimateLORDover
všichni
alltheotherimpulses.
For
každý
everyimpulseisimperious,andasSUCH,attemptstophilosophize.
Tobe
určitě
sure,inthecaseofscholars,inthe
případě
caseofreallyscientificmen,it
může
maybeotherwise—"better,"ifyouwill;
therethere
může
mayreallybesucha
věc
thingasan"impulsetoknowledge,"somekindof
malý
small,independentclock-work,which,when
dobře
wellwoundup,worksawayindustriouslytothatend,
Bez
WITHOUTtherestofthescholarlyimpulsestakinganymaterial
část
parttherein.
Theactual"interests"ofthescholar,therefore,aregenerallyin
zcela
quiteanotherdirection—inthefamily,
možná
perhaps,orinmoney-making,orinpolitics;
itis,infact,
téměř
almostindifferentatwhatpointofresearchhis
malý
littlemachineisplaced,andwhetherthehopeful
mladý
youngworkerbecomesagoodphilologist,amushroomspecialist,
nebo
orachemist;
heisnotCHARACTERISEDbybecomingthis
nebo
orthat.
Inthephilosopher,onthecontrary,thereisabsolutely
nic
nothingimpersonal;
andaboveall,hismoralityfurnishesadecided
a
anddecisivetestimonyasto
Kdo
WHOHEIS,—thatistosay,inwhat
pořadí
orderthedeepestimpulsesofhisnaturestandtoeachother.
7.
Jak
Howmaliciousphilosopherscanbe!
Iknowof
nic
nothingmorestingingthanthejokeEpicurustookthelibertyofmakingonPlato
a
andthePlatonists;
hecalledthemDionysiokolakes.
Initsoriginalsense,
a
andonthefaceofit,the
slovo
wordsignifies"FlatterersofDionysius"—consequently,tyrants'accessories
a
andlick-spittles;
besidesthis,however,itisasmuchasto
říci
say,"TheyareallACTORS,thereis
nic
nothinggenuineaboutthem"(forDionysiokolaxwasapopular
jméno
nameforanactor).
And
na
thelatterisreallythemalignantreproachthatEpicuruscastuponPlato:
hewasannoyedbythegrandiosemanner,themiseenscenestyleofwhichPlato
a
andhisscholarsweremasters—ofwhichEpicuruswasnotamaster!
On
He,theoldschool-teacherofSamos,whosatconcealedinhis
malé
littlegardenatAthens,andwrote
tři
threehundredbooks,perhapsoutofrage
a
andambitiousenvyofPlato,whoknows!
Greecetookahundredyearstofindout
kdo
whothegarden-godEpicurusreallywas.
Didsheeverfindout?
8.
Thereisa
bod
pointineveryphilosophyatwhichthe"conviction"ofthephilosopherappearsonthescene;
nebo
or,toputitinthewordsofanancientmystery:.
Adventavitasinus,Pulcheretfortissimus.
9.
Youdesireto
Žít
LIVE"accordingtoNature"?
Oh,younobleStoics,whatfraudofwords!
ImaginetoyourselvesabeinglikeNature,boundlesslyextravagant,boundlesslyindifferent,
bez
withoutpurposeorconsideration,withoutpity
nebo
orjustice,atoncefruitful
a
andbarrenanduncertain:
imaginetoyourselvesINDIFFERENCEasapower—howCOULDyou
žít
liveinaccordancewithsuchindifference?
Tolive—isnotthat
jen
justendeavouringtobeotherwise
než
thanthisNature?
Isnotlivingvaluing,preferring,beingunjust,beinglimited,endeavouringtobe
jiný
different?
Andgrantedthatyourimperative,"livingaccordingtoNature,"means
ve skutečnosti
actuallythesameas"livingaccordingtolife"—howcouldyou
udělat
doDIFFERENTLY?
Whyshouldyou
dělat
makeaprincipleoutofwhatyouyourselvesare,
a
andmustbe?
Inreality,however,itisquiteotherwise
s
withyou:
whileyoupretendtoread
s
withrapturethecanonofyourlawinNature,youwant
něco
somethingquitethecontrary,youextraordinarystage-players
a
andself-deluders!
Inyourprideyouwishtodictateyourmorals
a
andidealstoNature,toNatureherself,
a
andtoincorporatethemtherein;
youinsist
že
thatitshallbeNature"accordingtotheStoa,"
a
andwouldlikeeverythingtobemadeafteryourownimage,asavast,eternalglorification
a
andgeneralismofStoicism!
Withallyourlovefortruth,youhaveforcedyourselvesso
dlouho
long,sopersistently,andwithsuchhypnoticrigidityto
vidět
seeNatureFALSELY,thatistosay,Stoically,
že
thatyouarenolongerableto
vidět
seeitotherwise—andtocrownall,someunfathomablesuperciliousnessgivesyoutheBedlamitehope
že
thatBECAUSEyouareabletotyrannizeoveryourselves—Stoicismisself-tyranny—Naturewill
také
alsoallowherselftobetyrannizedover:
isnottheStoica
Součástí
PARTofNature?...
Butthisisan
starý
oldandeverlastingstory:
whathappenedinoldtimeswiththeStoicsstillhappens
dnes
today,assoonaseveraphilosophybeginsto
věřit
believeinitself.
Italwayscreatesthe
svět
worldinitsownimage;
itcannotdootherwise;
philosophyis
tento
thistyrannicalimpulseitself,the
nejvíce
mostspiritualWilltoPower,the
vůle
willto"creationoftheworld,"the
vůle
willtothecausaprima.
10.
Theeagerness
a
andsubtlety,Ishouldevensaycraftiness,
s
withwhichtheproblemof"thereal
a
andtheapparentworld"isdealt
s
withatpresentthroughoutEurope,furnishesfoodforthought
a
andattention;
andhewhohears
jen
onlya"WilltoTruth"inthebackground,
a
andnothingelse,cannotcertainlyboastofthesharpestears.
Inrare
a
andisolatedcases,itmay
skutečně
reallyhavehappenedthatsucha
Vůle
WilltoTruth—acertainextravagant
a
andadventurouspluck,ametaphysician'sambitionoftheforlornhope—hasparticipatedtherein:
thatwhichintheend
vždy
alwaysprefersahandfulof"certainty"toawholecartloadofbeautifulpossibilities;
tam
theremayevenbepuritanicalfanaticsofconscience,
kteří
whoprefertoputtheir
poslední
lasttrustinasure
nic
nothing,ratherthaninanuncertain
něco
something.
ButthatisNihilism,
a
andthesignofadespairing,mortallyweariedsoul,notwithstandingthecourageousbearingsuchavirtue
může
maydisplay.
Itseems,however,tobeotherwisewithstronger
a
andlivelierthinkerswhoare
stále
stilleagerforlife.
In
že
thattheysideAGAINSTappearance,
a
andspeaksuperciliouslyof"perspective,"in
že
thattheyrankthecredibilityoftheirownbodies
o
aboutaslowasthecredibilityoftheocularevidence
že
that"theearthstandsstill,"
a
andthus,apparently,allowingwithcomplacencytheirsecurestpossessiontoescape
Za
(forwhatdoesoneatpresentbelieveinmorefirmly
než
thaninone'sbody?),—whoknowsiftheyarenot
opravdu
reallytryingtowinback
něco
somethingwhichwasformerlyanevensecurerpossession,
něco
somethingoftheolddomainofthefaithofformertimes,
možná
perhapsthe"immortalsoul,"perhaps"the
staré
oldGod,"inshort,ideasbywhichtheycould
žít
livebetter,thatistosay,morevigorously
a
andmorejoyously,thanby"modernideas"?
ThereisDISTRUSTofthesemodernideasin
tomto
thismodeoflookingatthings,adisbeliefinallthathasbeenconstructedyesterday
a
andtoday;
thereisperhapssomeslightadmixtureofsatiety
a
andscorn,whichcannolongerenduretheBRIC-A-BRACofideasofthemostvariedorigin,suchasso-calledPositivismatpresentthrowsonthemarket;
adisgustofthemorerefinedtasteatthevillage-fairmotleyness
a
andpatchinessofallthesereality-philosophasters,inwhomthereis
nic
nothingeithernewortrue,except
této
thismotleyness.
Thereinitseemstome
že
thatweshouldagreewith
těmi
thoseskepticalanti-realistsandknowledge-microscopistsofthepresentday;
theirinstinct,
který
whichrepelsthemfromMODERNreality,isunrefuted...
whatdotheirretrogradeby-pathsconcern
nás
us!
ThemainthingaboutthemisNOT
že
thattheywishtogo"back,"
ale
butthattheywishto
dostat
getAWAYtherefrom.
Alittle
Víc
MOREstrength,swing,courage,andartisticpower,
a
andtheywouldbeOFF—andnotback!
11.
ItseemstomethatthereiseverywhereanattemptatpresenttodivertattentionfromtheactualinfluencewhichKantexercisedonGermanphilosophy,
a
andespeciallytoignoreprudentlythevaluewhichhesetuponhimself.
KantwasfirstandforemostproudofhisTableofCategories;
s
withitinhishandhesaid:
"Thisisthemostdifficult
věc
thingthatcouldeverbeundertakenonbehalfofmetaphysics."
Letus
jen
onlyunderstandthis"couldbe"!
HewasproudofhavingDISCOVEREDanewfacultyinman,
na
thefacultyofsyntheticjudgmentapriori.
Granting
že
thathedeceivedhimselfin
této
thismatter;
thedevelopmentandrapidflourishingofGermanphilosophydependedneverthelessonhispride,
a
andontheeagerrivalryoftheyoungergenerationtodiscover
pokud
ifpossiblesomething—atallevents"newfaculties"—of
které
whichtobestillprouder!—Butletusreflectforamoment—itishightimetodoso.
"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaprioriPOSSIBLE?"
Kantaskshimself—andwhatisreallyhis
odpověď
answer?
"BYMEANSOFAMEANS(faculty)"—butunfortunatelynotin
pěti
fivewords,butsocircumstantially,imposingly,
a
andwithsuchdisplayofGermanprofundity
a
andverbalflourishes,thatonealtogetherlosessightofthecomicalniaiserieallemandeinvolvedin
takové
suchananswer.
Peoplewerebesidethemselves
s
withdelightoverthisnewfaculty,
a
andthejubilationreacheditsclimax
když
whenKantfurtherdiscoveredamoralfacultyinman—foratthat
době
timeGermanswerestillmoral,notyetdabblinginthe"Politicsofhardfact."
ThencamethehoneymoonofGermanphilosophy.
Všichni
AlltheyoungtheologiansoftheTubingeninstitutionwentimmediatelyintothegroves—allseekingfor"faculties."
A
Andwhatdidtheynotfind—inthatinnocent,rich,
a
andstillyouthfulperiodoftheGermanspirit,towhichRomanticism,themaliciousfairy,piped
a
andsang,whenonecouldnotyetdistinguish
mezi
between"finding"and"inventing"!
Aboveallafacultyforthe"transcendental";
Schellingchristenedit,intellectualintuition,
a
andtherebygratifiedthemostearnestlongingsofthenaturallypious-inclinedGermans.
Onecan
udělat
donogreaterwrongtothewholeofthisexuberant
a
andeccentricmovement(whichwasreallyyouthfulness,notwithstanding
že
thatitdisguiseditselfsoboldly,inhoary
a
andsenileconceptions),thanto
brát
takeitseriously,oreventreatit
s
withmoralindignation.
Enough,however—the
svět
worldgrewolder,andthe
sen
dreamvanished.
Atimecame
kdy
whenpeoplerubbedtheirforeheads,
a
andtheystillrubthemtoday.
Lidé
Peoplehadbeendreaming,andfirst
a
andforemost—oldKant.
"Bymeansofameans(faculty)"—hehadsaid,
nebo
oratleastmeantto
říct
say.
But,isthat—ananswer?
Anexplanation?
Nebo
Orisitnotrathermerelyarepetitionofthequestion?
Jak
Howdoesopiuminducesleep?
"Bymeansofameans(faculty),"namelythevirtusdormitiva,repliesthe
lékař
doctorinMoliere,.
Butsuchrepliesbelongtotherealmofcomedy,
a
anditishightimetoreplacetheKantianquestion,"HowaresyntheticjudgmentsaPRIORIpossible?"
byanotherquestion,"Whyisbeliefin
takové
suchjudgmentsnecessary?"—ineffect,itishigh
čas
timethatweshouldunderstand
že
thatsuchjudgmentsmustbebelievedtobetrue,forthesakeofthepreservationofcreatures
jako
likeourselves;
thoughtheystillmightnaturallybefalsejudgments!
Nebo
Or,moreplainlyspoken,androughly
a
andreadily—syntheticjudgmentsapriorishouldnot"bepossible"atall;
wehave
žádné
norighttothem;
inourmouthstheyarenothingbutfalsejudgments.
Pouze
Only,ofcourse,thebeliefintheir
pravdu
truthisnecessary,asplausiblebelief
a
andocularevidencebelongingtotheperspectiveviewof
život
life.
Andfinally,tocalltomindtheenormousinfluencewhich"Germanphilosophy"—I
doufám
hopeyouunderstanditsrighttoinvertedcommas(goosefeet)?—hasexercisedthroughoutthe
celé
wholeofEurope,thereisnodoubtthatacertainVIRTUSDORMITIVAhadashareinit;
thankstoGermanphilosophy,itwasadelighttothenobleidlers,thevirtuous,themystics,theartiste,thethree-fourthsChristians,
a
andthepoliticalobscurantistsofallnations,to
najít
findanantidotetothe
stále
stilloverwhelmingsensualismwhichoverflowedfromthelastcenturyinto
tohoto
this,inshort—"sensusassoupire."...