Letter1
ToMrs.Saville,England.
St.
Petersburgh,Dec.11th,17—.
You
سوف
willrejoicetohearthatnodisasterhasaccompaniedthecommencementofanenterprisewhichyouhaveregardedwithsuchevilforebodings.Iarrived
هنا
hereyesterday,andmyfirsttaskistoassuremydearsisterofmywelfareandincreasingconfidenceinthesuccessofmyundertaking.Iamalready
الآن
farnorthofLondon,andasIwalkinthestreetsofPetersburgh,Iأشعر
feelacoldnorthernbreezeplayuponmycheeks,مما
whichbracesmynervesandfillsmewithdelight.هل
Doyouunderstandthisfeeling?Thisbreeze,
التي
whichhastravelledfromtheregionstowardsالتي
whichIamadvancing,givesmeaforetasteofthoseicyclimes.Inspiritedby
هذه
thiswindofpromise,mydaydreamsتصبح
becomemoreferventandvivid.Itryinvaintobepersuadedthatthepoleistheseatoffrostanddesolation;
iteverpresentsitselftomyimaginationastheregionofbeautyanddelight.
هناك
There,Margaret,thesunisforevervisible,itsbroaddiskjustskirtingthehorizonanddiffusingعلى
aperpetualsplendour.There—forwithyourleave,mysister,Iwillput
بعض
sometrustinprecedingnavigators—theresnowandfrostarebanished;and,sailingoveracalmsea,wemaybewaftedtoalandsurpassinginwondersandinbeauty
كل
everyregionhithertodiscoveredonthehabitableglobe.Itsproductionsandfeatures
قد
maybewithoutexample,asthephenomenaoftheheavenlybodiesundoubtedlyareinتلك
thoseundiscoveredsolitudes.Whatmaynotbeexpectedina
بلد
countryofeternallight?I
قد
maytherediscoverthewondrousالقوة
powerwhichattractstheneedleandقد
mayregulateathousandcelestialobservationsthatrequireسوى
onlythisvoyagetorendertheirseemingeccentricitiesconsistentforever.Ishallsatiatemyardentcuriositywiththesightofa
جزء
partoftheworldneverقبل
beforevisited,andmaytreadalandلم
neverbeforeimprintedbythefootofرجل
man.Thesearemyenticements,andtheyaresufficienttoconquer
كل
allfearofdangerorالموت
deathandtoinducemetocommencethislaboriousvoyageمع
withthejoyachildfeelsعندما
whenheembarksinalittleboat,مع
withhisholidaymates,onanexpeditionofdiscoveryuphisnativeriver.Butsupposing
كل
alltheseconjecturestobefalse,youcannotcontesttheinestimablebenefitالتي
whichIshallconferonكل
allmankind,tothelastgeneration,bydiscoveringapassagenearthepoletothosecountries,toreachالتي
whichatpresentsomanymonthsarerequisite;أو
orbyascertainingthesecretofthemagnet,which,ifatallpossible,يمكن
canonlybeeffectedbyعلى
anundertakingsuchasmine.هذه
Thesereflectionshavedispelledtheagitationwithالذي
whichIbeganmyletter,andIfeelmyheartglowwithanenthusiasmالذي
whichelevatesmetoheaven,forشيء
nothingcontributessomuchtotranquillisetheالعقل
mindasasteadypurpose—aنقطة
pointonwhichthesoulmayfixitsintellectualeye.هذه
Thisexpeditionhasbeenthefavouritedreamofmyearlyyears.Ihave
قرأت
readwithardourtheaccountsofthevariousvoyagesالتي
whichhavebeenmadeintheprospectofarrivingattheNorthPacificOceanعبر
throughtheseaswhichsurroundthepole.Youmay
تتذكر
rememberthatahistoryofجميع
allthevoyagesmadeforpurposesofdiscoverycomposedthewholeofourgoodالعم
UncleThomas’library.Myeducationwasneglected,yetIwaspassionatelyfondofreading.
هذه
Thesevolumesweremystudydayandnight,andmyfamiliaritywiththemincreasedthatregretالذي
whichIhadfelt,asachild,onlearningthatmyfather’sdyinginjunctionhadforbiddenmyعمي
uncletoallowmetoembarkinaseafaringحياة
life.ThesevisionsfadedwhenIperused,forthefirsttime,thosepoetswhoseeffusionsentrancedmysoulandliftedittoheaven.
Ialsobecameapoetandforone
عام
yearlivedinaparadiseofmyowncreation;IimaginedthatIalsomightobtain
على
anicheinthetempleحيث
wherethenamesofHomerandShakespeareareconsecrated.YouarewellacquaintedwithmyfailureandhowheavilyIborethedisappointment.
But
فقط
justatthattimeIinheritedthefortuneofmycousin,andmythoughtswereturnedintothechanneloftheirearlierbent.ست
SixyearshavepassedsinceIresolvedonmypresentundertaking.Ican,
حتى
evennow,rememberthehourfromالتي
whichIdedicatedmyselftothisالعظيم
greatenterprise.Icommencedbyinuringmybodytohardship.
Iaccompaniedthewhale-fishersonseveralexpeditionstotheNorthSea;
Ivoluntarilyendured
البرد
cold,famine,thirst,andwantofالنوم
sleep;Ioftenworkedharderthanthecommonsailorsduringthe
النهار
dayanddevotedmynightstothestudyofmathematics,thetheoryofmedicine,andthosebranchesofphysicalsciencefromالتي
whichanavaladventurermightderivethegreatestpracticaladvantage.TwiceI
الواقع
actuallyhiredmyselfasanunder-mateinaGreenlandwhaler,andacquittedmyselftoadmiration.I
يجب
mustownIfeltalittleproudعندما
whenmycaptainofferedmetheالثانية
seconddignityinthevesselandentreatedmetoremainwiththegreatestearnestness,sovaluabledidheconsidermyservices.Andnow,
عزيزي
dearMargaret,doInotdeservetoaccomplishsomegreatpurpose?My
حياتي
lifemighthavebeenpassedineaseandluxury,butIpreferredglorytoكل
everyenticementthatwealthplacedinmypath.Oh,
أن
thatsomeencouragingvoicewouldanswerintheaffirmative!Mycourageandmyresolutionisfirm;
لكن
butmyhopesfluctuate,andmyspiritsareoftendepressed.Iamabouttoproceedona
طويلة
longanddifficultvoyage,theemergenciesofالتي
whichwilldemandallmyfortitude:Iamrequirednot
فقط
onlytoraisethespiritsofothers,butبعض الأحيان
sometimestosustainmyown,عندما
whentheirsarefailing.Thisisthe
الأكثر
mostfavourableperiodfortravellinginRussia.Theyflyquicklyoverthesnowintheirsledges;
themotionispleasant,and,inmyopinion,far
أكثر
moreagreeablethanthatofanEnglishstagecoach.The
البرد
coldisnotexcessive,ifyouarewrappedinfurs—adresswhichIيكون
havealreadyadopted,forthereisعلى
agreatdifferencebetweenwalkingthedeckandremainingseatedmotionlessforhours,عندما
whennoexercisepreventstheالدم
bloodfromactuallyfreezinginyourveins.Ihavenoambitiontolosemy
حياتي
lifeonthepost-roadbetweenSt.PetersburghandArchangel.Ishalldepartforthelatter
المدينة
towninafortnightorثلاثة
threeweeks;andmyintentionistohire
على
ashipthere,whichcaneasilybedonebypayingtheinsurancefortheowner,andtoengageasmanysailorsasIthinknecessaryamongأولئك
thosewhoareaccustomedtothewhale-fishing.Idonotintendtosail
حتى
untilthemonthofJune;andwhenshallIreturn?
Ah,dearsister,
كيف
howcanIanswerthisquestion?إذا
IfIsucceed,many,manymonths,perhapsyears,willpassقبل
beforeyouandImaymeet.إذا
IfIfail,youwillseemeمرة أخرى
againsoon,ornever.Farewell,mydear,excellentMargaret.
Heavenshowerdownblessingsonyou,andsaveme,thatImayagainandagaintestifymygratitudeforallyourloveandkindness.
Letter2
ToMrs.Saville,England.
Archangel,28thMarch,17—.
كم
Howslowlythetimepasseshere,encompassedasIambyfrostandsnow!Yeta
ثانية
secondstepistakentowardsmyenterprise.Ihavehiredavesselandamoccupiedincollectingmysailors;
أولئك
thosewhomIhavealreadyengagedappeartobemenonwhomIcandependandarecertainlypossessedofdauntlesscourage.ButIhave
واحدة
onewantwhichIhaveلم
neveryetbeenabletosatisfy,andtheabsenceoftheobjectofالذي
whichInowfeelasamostsevereevil,Ihavenoصديقة
friend,Margaret:whenIamglowingwiththeenthusiasmofsuccess,
هناك
therewillbenonetoparticipatemyjoy;إذا
ifIamassailedbydisappointment,noأحد
onewillendeavourtosustainmeindejection.Ishallcommitmythoughtstopaper,itistrue;
but
هذا
thatisapoormediumforthecommunicationoffeeling.Idesire
في
thecompanyofamanwhocouldsympathisewithme,whoseeyeswouldreplytomine.You
قد
maydeemmeromantic,mydearsister,butIbitterlyأشعر
feelthewantofaصديق
friend.Ihavenoonenear
مني
me,gentleyetcourageous,possessedofacultivatedaswellasofacapaciousmind,whosetastesarelikemyown,toapproveأو
oramendmyplans.Howwould
هذا
suchafriendrepairthefaultsofyourالمسكين
poorbrother!Iamtooardentinexecutionandtooimpatientofdifficulties.
ButitisastillgreatereviltomethatIamself-educated:
forthe
أول
firstfourteenyearsofmyحياتي
lifeIranwildonacommonandreadnothingbutourUncleThomas’booksofvoyages.At
ذلك
thatageIbecameacquaintedwiththecelebratedpoetsofourowncountry;لكن
butitwasonlywhenithadceasedtobeinmypowertoderiveitsmostimportantbenefitsfromsuchعلى
aconvictionthatIperceivedthenecessityofbecomingacquaintedwithmorelanguagesthanthatofmynativecountry.الآن
NowIamtwenty-eightandaminrealityأكثر
moreilliteratethanmanyschoolboysoffifteen.Itis
صحيح
truethatIhavethoughtmoreandthatmydaydreamsaremoreextendedandmagnificent,لكنها
buttheywant(asthepainterscallit)keeping;andIgreatlyneed
على
afriendwhowouldhavesenseenoughnottodespisemeasromantic,andaffectionenoughformetoendeavourtoregulatemymind.Well,
هذه
theseareuselesscomplaints;Ishallcertainlyfindnofriendonthewideocean,nor
حتى
evenhereinArchangel,amongmerchantsandseamen.Yet
بعض
somefeelings,unalliedtothedrossofالبشرية
humannature,beateveninهذه
theseruggedbosoms.Mylieutenant,forinstance,is
على
amanofwonderfulcourageandenterprise;heismadlydesirousofglory,
أو
orrather,towordmyphraseأكثر
morecharacteristically,ofadvancementinhisprofession.HeisanEnglishman,andinthemidstofnationalandprofessionalprejudices,unsoftenedbycultivation,retainssomeofthenoblestendowmentsofhumanity.
Ifirstbecameacquaintedwithhimonboardawhalevessel;
findingthathewasunemployedin
هذه
thiscity,Ieasilyengagedhimtoassistinmyenterprise.Themasterisa
شخص
personofanexcellentdispositionandisremarkableintheshipforhisgentlenessandthemildnessofhisdiscipline.هذا
Thiscircumstance,addedtohiswell-knownintegrityanddauntlesscourage,mademeverydesiroustoengagehim.Ayouthpassedinsolitude,mybestyearsspent
تحت
underyourgentleandfemininefosterage,hassorefinedthegroundworkofmycharacterالتي
thatIcannotovercomeanintensedistastetotheusualbrutalityexercisedonboardship:Ihave
لم
neverbelievedittobenecessary,andwhenIheardofعلى
amarinerequallynotedforhiskindlinessofheartandtherespectandobediencepaidtohimbyhiscrew,Ifeltmyselfpeculiarlyfortunateinbeingabletosecurehisservices.Iheardofhimfirstinratheraromanticmanner,froma
سيدة
ladywhoowestohimthehappinessofherlife.This,briefly,ishisstory.
Someyears
قبل
agohelovedayoungRussianسيدة
ladyofmoderatefortune,andhavingamassedعلى
aconsiderablesuminprize-money,theوالد
fatherofthegirlconsentedtothematch.Hesawhismistressonce
قبل
beforethedestinedceremony;butshewasbathedintears,andthrowingherselfathisfeet,entreatedhimtospareher,confessingatthesame
الوقت
timethatshelovedanother,butthathewaspoor,andthatherfatherwouldneverconsenttotheunion.Mygenerous
صديقي
friendreassuredthesuppliant,andonbeinginformedofthenameofherlover,instantlyabandonedhispursuit.Hehadalreadyboughtafarmwithhismoney,onwhichhehaddesignedtopasstheremainderofhis
حياته
life;buthebestowedthewholeonhisrival,
جنبا إلى جنب
togetherwiththeremainsofhisprize-moneytopurchasestock,andthenhimselfsolicitedtheyoungwoman’sوالد
fathertoconsenttohermarriageمع
withherlover.Butthe
العجوز
oldmandecidedlyrefused,thinkinghimselfboundinhonourtomyصديقي
friend,who,whenhefoundtheالأب
fatherinexorable,quittedhiscountry,norreturnedحتى
untilheheardthathisformermistresswasتزوجت
marriedaccordingtoherinclinations.“Whatanoblefellow!”
you
سوف
willexclaim.Heisso;
butthenheiswhollyuneducated:
heisassilentasaTurk,anda
نوع
kindofignorantcarelessnessattendshim,الذي
which,whileitrendershisconductفي
themoreastonishing,detractsfromفي
theinterestandsympathywhichotherwisehewouldcommand.Yetdonotsuppose,becauseIcomplainalittle
أو
orbecauseIcanconceiveaconsolationformytoilswhichIقد
mayneverknow,thatIamwaveringinmyresolutions.هذه
Thoseareasfixedasfate,andmyvoyageisonlyالآن
nowdelayeduntiltheweathershallpermitmyembarkation.في
Thewinterhasbeendreadfullysevere,لكن
butthespringpromiseswell,anditisconsideredasaremarkablyearlyseason,sothatربما
perhapsImaysailsoonerمما
thanIexpected.Ishall
أفعل
donothingrashly:youknowmesufficientlytoconfideinmyprudenceandconsideratenesswheneverthesafetyofothersiscommittedtomycare.
Icannotdescribetoyoumysensationsonthenearprospectofmyundertaking.
Itisimpossibletocommunicatetoyouaconceptionofthetremblingsensation,
نصف
halfpleasurableandhalffearful,withالذي
whichIampreparingtodepart.Iamgoingtounexploredregions,to“thelandofmistandsnow,”butIshallkill
أي
noalbatross;thereforedonotbealarmedformysafety
أو
orifIshouldcomebacktoyouaswornandwoefulasthe“AncientMariner.”You
سوف
willsmileatmyallusion,butIسوف
willdiscloseasecret.Ihaveoftenattributedmyattachment
إلى
to,mypassionateenthusiasmfor,في
thedangerousmysteriesofoceantothatproductionofفي
themostimaginativeofmodernpoets.هناك
ThereissomethingatworkinmysoulwhichIdonotunderstand.Iampracticallyindustrious—painstaking,aworkmantoexecute
مع
withperseveranceandlabour—butbesidesthisهناك
thereisaloveforthemarvellous,abeliefinthemarvellous,intertwinedinجميع
allmyprojects,whichhurriesmeخارج
outofthecommonpathwaysofmen,حتى
eventothewildseaandunvisitedregionsIamabouttoexplore.Buttoreturntodearerconsiderations.
ShallImeetyou
مرة أخرى
again,afterhavingtraversedimmenseseas,andreturnedbythemostsoutherncapeofAfricaأو
orAmerica?Idarenotexpectsuchsuccess,yetIcannotbeartolookonthereverseofthepicture.
Continuefor
في
thepresenttowritetomebyكل
everyopportunity:Imayreceiveyourletterson
بعض
someoccasionswhenIneedthemأكثر
mosttosupportmyspirits.Iloveyouverytenderly.
Remembermewithaffection,shouldyou
لم
neverhearfrommeagain.Letter3
ToMrs.Saville,England.
July7th,17—.
MydearSister,.
Iwritea
بضعة
fewlinesinhastetosaythatIamsafe—andwelladvancedonmyvoyage.هذه
ThisletterwillreachEnglandbyamerchantmanالآن
nowonitshomewardvoyagefromArchangel;أكثر
morefortunatethanI,whoقد
maynotseemynativeland,ربما
perhaps,formanyyears.Iam,however,in
جيد
goodspirits:mymenareboldandapparentlyfirmofpurpose,nordothefloatingsheetsoficethatcontinuallypass
بنا
us,indicatingthedangersoftheregiontowardswhichweareadvancing,appeartodismaythem.Wehavealreadyreachedaveryhighlatitude;
butitistheheightofsummer,andalthoughnotsowarmasinEngland,thesoutherngales,
التي
whichblowusspeedilytowardsتلك
thoseshoreswhichIsoardentlydesiretoattain,breatheadegreeofrenovatingwarmthالتي
whichIhadnotexpected.أي
Noincidentshavehithertobefallenusأن
thatwouldmakeafigureinaletter.واحدة
Oneortwostiffgalesandthespringingofaleakareaccidentswhichexperiencednavigatorsscarcelyremembertorecord,andIshallbewellcontentإذا
ifnothingworsehappentousduringourvoyage.Adieu,my
عزيزي
dearMargaret.Beassuredthatformy
الخاصة
ownsake,aswellasyours,Iwillnotrashlyencounterdanger.Iwillbecool,persevering,andprudent.
لكن
Butsuccessshallcrownmyendeavours.Whereforenot?
Thus
الآن
farIhavegone,tracingعلى
asecurewayoverthepathlessseas,theverystarsthemselvesbeingwitnessesandtestimoniesofmytriumph.Whynotstillproceedover
في
theuntamedyetobedientelement?What
يمكن
canstopthedeterminedheartandresolvedwillofman?Myswellingheartinvoluntarilypoursitselfoutthus.
ButI
يجب
mustfinish.Heavenblessmybelovedsister!
Letter4
ToMrs.Saville,England.
August5th,17—.
Sostrange
على
anaccidenthashappenedtousthatIcannotforbearrecordingit,althoughitisveryprobablethatyouwillseemeقبل
beforethesepaperscancomeintoyourpossession.الماضي
LastMonday(July31st)wewerenearlysurroundedbyice,whichclosedintheshiponجميع
allsides,scarcelyleavingherthesea-roominwhichshefloated.Oursituationwassomewhatdangerous,especiallyaswewerecompassedroundbyaverythickfog.
Weaccordinglylayto,hopingthat
بعض
somechangewouldtakeplaceintheatmosphereandweather.حوالي
Abouttwoo’clockthemistclearedaway,andwebeheld,stretchedoutinكل
everydirection,vastandirregularplainsofice,whichseemedtohaveلا
noend.Someofmycomradesgroaned,andmyownmindbegantogrowwatchfulwithanxiousthoughts,
عندما
whenastrangesightsuddenlyattractedourattentionanddivertedoursolicitudefromourownsituation.Weperceivedalowcarriage,fixedonasledge
و
anddrawnbydogs,passontowardsthenorth,atthedistanceofنصف
halfamile;abeingwhichhadtheshapeof
على
aman,butapparentlyofgiganticstature,satinthesledgeandguidedthedogs.Wewatchedtherapidprogressofthetravellerwithourtelescopes
حتى
untilhewaslostamongthedistantinequalitiesoftheice.هذا
Thisappearanceexcitedourunqualifiedwonder.Wewere,aswebelieved,manyhundredmilesfrom
أي
anyland;butthisapparitionseemedtodenotethatitwasnot,inreality,sodistantaswehadsupposed.
Shutin,however,byice,itwasimpossibleto
متابعة
followhistrack,whichwehadobservedwiththegreatestattention.حوالي
Abouttwohoursafterthisoccurrenceweheardthegroundsea,andbeforenighttheicebrokeandfreedourship.We,however,laytountilthemorning,fearingtoencounterinthedarkthoselargeloosemasses
التي
whichfloataboutafterthebreakingupoftheice.Iprofitedof
هذا
thistimetorestforafewhours.Inthe
الصباح
morning,however,assoonasitwasالضوء
light,Iwentupondeckandfoundجميع
allthesailorsbusyonواحد
onesideofthevessel,apparentlytalkingtoشخص
someoneinthesea.Itwas,infact,asledge,
مثل
likethatwehadseenbefore,whichhaddriftedtowardsusinthenightonalargefragmentofice.فقط
Onlyonedogremainedalive;but
هناك
therewasahumanbeingwithinitwhomthesailorswerepersuadingtoenterthevessel.Hewasnot,as
في
theothertravellerseemedtobe,asavageinhabitantofsomeundiscoveredisland,butaEuropean.عندما
WhenIappearedondeckthemastersaid,“Hereisourcaptain,andhewillnotallowyoutoperishontheopensea.”Onperceivingme,thestrangeraddressedmeinEnglish,althoughwithaforeignaccent.
“BeforeIcomeonboardyourvessel,”saidhe,“willyou
لديك
havethekindnesstoinformmewhitheryouarebound?”Youmayconceivemyastonishmentonhearingsucha
السؤال
questionaddressedtomefromaرجل
manonthebrinkofdestructionandtowhomIshouldhavesupposedthatmyvesselwouldhavebeenaresourcewhichhewouldnothaveexchangedforthemostpreciouswealththeالأرض
earthcanafford.Ireplied,however,thatwewereonavoyageofdiscoverytowardsthenorthernpole.
Uponhearing
هذا
thisheappearedsatisfiedandconsentedtocomeonboard.GoodGod!
Margaret,
إذا
ifyouhadseentheالرجل
manwhothuscapitulatedforhissafety,yoursurprisewouldقد
havebeenboundless.Hislimbswerenearlyfrozen,andhisbodydreadfullyemaciatedbyfatigueandsuffering.
I
لم
neversawamaninsowretchedacondition.Weattemptedtocarryhimintothecabin,butassoonashehadquittedthefresh
الهواء
airhefainted.Weaccordinglybroughthimbacktothedeckandrestoredhimtoanimationbyrubbinghimwithbrandyandforcinghimtoswallow
على
asmallquantity.Assoonasheshowedsignsof
الحياة
lifewewrappedhimupinblanketsandplacedhimnearthechimneyofthekitchenstove.Byslowdegreesherecoveredandatealittlesoup,whichrestoredhimwonderfully.
Twodayspassedinthismanner
قبل
beforehewasabletospeak,andIoftenfearedthathissufferingshaddeprivedhimofunderstanding.عندما
Whenhehadinsomemeasurerecovered,Iremovedhimtomyالخاصة
owncabinandattendedonhimasmuchasmydutywouldpermit.I
لم
neversawamoreinterestingcreature:hiseyes
يكون
havegenerallyanexpressionofwildness,andevenmadness,butهناك
therearemomentswhen,ifأي شخص
anyoneperformsanactofkindnesstowardshimأو
ordoeshimanytheأكثر
mosttriflingservice,hiswholecountenanceislightedup,asitwere,مع
withabeamofbenevolenceandsweetnessالتي
thatIneversawequalled.لكنه
Butheisgenerallymelancholyanddespairing,andsometimeshegnasheshisteeth,asلو
ifimpatientoftheweightofwoesالتي
thatoppresseshim.WhenmyguestwasalittlerecoveredIhad
كبيرة
greattroubletokeepoffفي
themen,whowishedtoaskhimathousandquestions;